N~e ~re----------------------------CONCEPTUAL WtYSiCi PRACTICE PAGE

Chapter 11 The Atomic Nature of MatterAtoms and Atomic Nuclei

A10MS ARE CLASSll=I€D 8)' THEIRATOMIC NUM8E~. WHICH 1$ THESAME AS THE NUM8€R OF _

IN THE NUCl.EUS.

TO CHANGE THE ATOMS OF ONEELEMENT IN10 THOse Of ANOTHER,______ HVJ.ST 6E ADDED

OR SU6TRACTtC>! ,;.~

Use the periodic table in your text to help you answer the following questions.

1. When the atomic nuclei of hydrogen and lithium are squashed together (nuclear fusion) theelement that is produced is

2. When the atomic nuclei of a pair of lithium nuclei are fused, the element produced is

3. When the atomic nuclei of a pair of aluminum nuclei are fused, the element produced is

4. When the nucleus of a nitrogen atom absorbs a proton, the resulting element is

5. What element is produced when a gold nucleus gains a proton?

6. What element is produced when a gold nucleus loses a proton?

7. What element is produced when a uranium nucleus ejects an elementary particle composedof two protons and two neutrons?

8. If a uranium nucleus breaks into two pieces (nuclear fission) and one of the pieces is zirconium(atomic number 40), the other piece is the element

I LIKE THE WAY '<OOR ATOMS/Ji£ PUTT06EfHE~!

8'00;:516H::,,; •... .. ..•:.J

9. Which has more mass, a nitrogen molecule (N2) or an oxygenmolecule (02)?

10. Which has the greater number of atoms, a gram of helium ora gram of neon?

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CONCEPTUAL ftysic PRACTICE PAGE

Chapter 11 The Atomic Nature of MatterSubatomic Particles

Three fundamental particles of the atom are the , and

At the center of each atom lies the atomic which

consists of and _______ . The atomic number refers to

the number of in the nucleus. All atoms of the same element have the same

number of hence, the same atomic number.

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of but a different number of

An isotope is identified by its atomic mass number, which is the total number

of and in the nucleus. A carbon isotope that has

6 and is identified as carbon-12, where 12 is the atomic

mass number. A carbon isotope having 6other hand is carbon-14.

and 8 , on the

1. Complete the following table:

ISOTOPEHVdrogen-1

Chlorine-36

Nitrogen-14

Potassium-40Arsenic-75Gold-197

ELECTRONS

1

NUMBER OFPROTONS NEUTRONS

177

1933

118

2. Which results in a more valuable product-adding or sUbtracting protons from gold nuclei? Of every 200 atoms in our bodies, 126 are hydrogen,

51 are oxygen, and just 19 are carbon. In addition tocarbon we need iron to manufaCture hemoglobin,cobalt for the creation of vitamin B-12, potassiumarid a littie sodium for our nerves, and molybdenum,manganese, and vanadium to keep our enzymespurring. Ah, we'd be nothing without atoms!

3. Which has more mass, a lead atom ora uranium atom?

4. Which has a greater number of atoms,a gram of lead or a gram of uranium?

62

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CONCEPTUAL lJlsic PRACTICE PAGE

Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and RadioactivityRadioactivity

COmplete the following statements:1.a. A lone neutron spontaneously decays into a proton plus an

b. Alpha and beta rays are made of streams of particles, whereas gamma rays are streams of

c. An electrically charged atom is called an

d. Different of an element are chemicallyidentical but differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

e. Transuranic elements are those beyond atomic number

f. If the amount of a certain radioactive sample decreases by half in four weeks,

in four more weeks the amount remaining should bethe original amount.

g. Water from a natural hot spring is warmed by inside Earth.

2. The gas in the little girl's balloon is made up of former alpha and beta particles produced byradioactive decay.

a. If the mixture is electrically neutral, how many morebeta particles than alpha particles are in the balloon?

b. Why is your answer to the above not the "same"?

c. Why are the alpha and beta particles no longer harmfulto the child?

d. What element does this mixture make?

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CONCEPTUAL ftys;c PRACTICE PAGE

Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and RadioactivityNuclear Reactions

Complete these nuclear reactions:

1.2.38 U -? 234 Th + 4-92 90 2.

234 Th2. . --JI"90

2~4 Pa + o91 -1------

2343. ~1 Po ~

4+ Me7-

2..104. RYl .......,..

86

216 ()5. 84 •....0 ~

o+ e-1

21.6 P6. 84.0-+ + 4H2: e

2.10 B"7. l ~8?>

NUCLEAR PHYSICS --. IT'S THE SAME TO MEWITH THE I=IRST TWO LETTERS INTERCHANGED~

c:1~.~ .

~!

124

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CONCEPTUAL "ysic PRACTICE PAGE

Chapter 33 Atomic Nucleus and RadioactivityNatural Transmutation

Fill in the decay-scheme diagram below, similar to that shown in Figure 33.14 in your textbook,but beginning with U-235 and ending with an isotope of lead. Use the table at the left, and identifyeach element in the series with its chemical symbol.

ParticleStep emitted

1 Alpha2 Beta3 Alpha4 Alpha5 Beta6 Alpha7 Alpha8 Alpha9 Beta

10 Alpha11 Beta12 Stable

235

I

207

203

81 82. 83 M 8S 86818889 90 9192ATOMIC NUM8ER

What is the final-product isotope?

125