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Physics Unit: Force & Motion What is physical science?
A. Physical science is a field of science that studies matter and energy. B. Physical science has 2 main branches:
1. PHYSICS: the study of how matter and energy interact • robotics, nuclear energy, solar
panels 2. CHEMISTRY: the study of the
structure, makeup, and changes of matter • chemicals, acids & bases,
medicines
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What is energy? A. ENERGY: the ability to do work or
make something happen B. All forms of energy fall under two
categories: 1. POTENTIAL ENERGY: stored
energy that could make something happen a. Chemical Energy b. Nuclear Energy c. Stored Mechanical Energy d. Gravitational Energy
2. KINETIC ENERGY: used energy that is making something happen a. Radiant Energy b. Thermal Energy c. Motion d. Electrical Energy e. Sound
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What are the different forms of energy?
A. There are many different forms of energy to make things happen.
B. Below are 6 of the major forms: 1. MECHANICAL ENERGY: the
energy in moving objects 2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY: energy
from the flow of electrons 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY:
energy in the form electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space
4. HEAT ENERGY: thermal energy that comes from moving particles of matter (friction)
5. CHEMICAL ENERGY: energy that holds particles of matter together (chemical bonds)
6. NUCLEAR ENERGY: energy stored in an atom’s nucleus
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What is a wave? A. WAVE: a disturbance that transports
energy from one place to another. 1. A wave is energy that travels over a
distance. 2. There are two major forms of waves:
a. MECHANICAL WAVES: waves that travel through matter like air or water
b. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: waves that can travel through matter or empty space
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What is a wave? B. Waves that travel through matter can do it one of two ways:
1. TRANSVERSE WAVE: waves that move up and down a. There are two parts to a transverse wave
i. CREST: the highest point of a wave ii. TROUGH: the lowest point of a wave
2. LONGITUDINAL WAVE: waves that move back and forth a. There are two parts to a longitudinal wave
i. COMPRESSION: where the particles are close together ii. RAREFACTION: where particles are far apart
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What is mechanical energy? A. MECHANICAL ENERGY: the
energy an object has that causes it to move
B. Mechanical energy can come in one of two ways: 1. STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:
potential mechanical energy that could cause an object to move
2. MOTION: kinetic mechanical energy that causes an object to move
C. A force acting on an object is required for mechanical energy
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What is a Force? A. FORCE: a push or pull exerted on an object B. To describe a force, you must know a force’s size and
direction C. Size and direction can cause one of two situations:
1. BALANCED FORCES: forces on an object equal in size but opposite in direction
2. UNBALANCED FORCES: forces on an object that are no longer balanced, causing a change in the motion of an object
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How is a force depicted, described, and measured?
A. A force is often depicted with arrows of different sizes. 1. Arrows show direction 2. Different sized arows show
how strong the force is B. Forces are measured using
instruments: 1. A spring scale is used to measure a force using Newtons 2. NEWTON: a standard unit of force depicted as an N
3 N 3 N
3 N 1 N