physics py4118 physics of semiconductor devices crystalography coláiste na hollscoile corcaigh,...
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ROINN NA FISICE Department of Physics
Physics PY4118Physics of Semiconductor Devices
Crystalography
Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh, Éire University College Cork, Ireland
2.1
Taken mostly from: Crystal2.ppt http://www.ems.psu.edu/~ryba/coursework/zhong%20shan%20da%20xue%20-%20course%20materials/class%20slides/
PY4118 Physics of Semiconductor DevicesROINN NA FISICE Depa
rtment of Physics
Symmetry?
This is actually really important for some semiconductor devices, especially:
Inversion Symmetry:
This is (not) required for: Second harmonic generation The electro-optic effect Piezo-electric effect etc.
Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh, Éire University College Cork, Ireland 3.2
Each of the unit cells of the 14 Bravais lattices has one or more types of symmetry properties, such as inversion, reflection or rotation,etc.
SYMMETRY
INVERSION REFLECTION ROTATION
ELEMENTS OF SYMMETRY
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Lattice goes into itself through Symmetry without translation
Operation Element
Inversion Point
Reflection Plane
Rotation Axis
Rotoinversion Axes4
Reflection Plane
A plane in a cell such that, when a mirror reflection in this plane is performed, the cell remains invariant.
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Rotation Axis
This is an axis such that, if the cell is rotated around it through some angles, the cell remains invariant.
The axis is called n-fold if the angle of rotation is 2π/n.
90°
120° 180°
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points 7
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points 8
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points 9
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points
All objects,structures withi symmetry arecentric
All objects,structures withi symmetry arecentric
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Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points 11
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Rotation 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Rotoinversion 1 (= i), 2 (= m), 3, 4, 6
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Types of pure rotation symmetry
Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)Draw point group diagrams (stereographic projections)
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points 12
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
symmetry elements equivalent pointssymmetry elements equivalent points
orthorhombicorthorhombic
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
[100][100]
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
[010][010]
[100][100]
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
More than one rotation axis - point group 222
[010][010]
[001][001]
[100][100][001][001]
[010][010]
[100][100]18
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
[001][001]
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
[100][100]
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
[110][110][001][001]
[010][010]
[100][100] [110][110]21
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 4mm
symmetry elements equivalent points
tetragonal
22
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 2/m
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 2/m
[010][010]
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Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 2/m
Stereographic projections of symmetry groups
Rotation + mirrors - point group 2/m
symmetry elements equivalent points
monoclinic
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And here are the 32 point groupsAnd here are the 32 point groups
System Point groups
Triclinic 1, 1Monoclinic 2, m, 2/mOrthorhombic 222, mm2, 2/m 2/m 2/mTetragonal 4, 4, 4/m, 422, 42m, 4mm, 4/m 2/m 2/mCubic 23, 2/m 3, 432, 43m, 4/m 3 2/m Hexagonal 6, 6, 6/m, 622, 62m, 6mm, 6/m 2/m 2/mTrigonal 3, 3, 32, 3m, 3 2/m
System Point groups
Triclinic 1, 1Monoclinic 2, m, 2/mOrthorhombic 222, mm2, 2/m 2/m 2/mTetragonal 4, 4, 4/m, 422, 42m, 4mm, 4/m 2/m 2/mCubic 23, 2/m 3, 432, 43m, 4/m 3 2/m Hexagonal 6, 6, 6/m, 622, 62m, 6mm, 6/m 2/m 2/mTrigonal 3, 3, 32, 3m, 3 2/m
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