physics first semester exam review. first semester exam review 70 questions 70 points total class...
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PhysicsFirst Semester Exam Review
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First Semester Exam Review
• 70 questions• 70 points total• Class work, Homework, Quiz = 80%• Exam = 20% • Duration:3 hours
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First Semester Exam Review
• Flash cards• Calculator• Study buddy• Science notebook• Science textbook• Laptop
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General Topics
• Speed – Distance - Time• Velocity • Vectors• Acceleration• Friction• Gravity / Free fall• Potential Energy• Kinetic Energy• Work• Power• Mechanical Advantage• Momentum• Newton’s Laws (First, Inertia, Second, and Third)• Collision• Bounce
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TopicsSpeed – Distance – Time
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Sample
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Velocity
Speed with direction
Example
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Acceleration
Vf – Vi
t
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VectorsSample
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Friction
There are four main types of friction:
Static
Sliding
Rolling
Fluid
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Gravity / Free fallSample
Rate of acceleration due to free fall is 9.8m/s
Instantaneous speed = v
Gravity = g
Time = t
v=gt
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The change in speed each second is the same whether the ball is going upwards or downwards.
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Free Fall
0s
1s
3s
2s 4s
5s
6s
7s
Initial Velocity = 30m/s
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Potential Energy
An object may store energy by virtue of its potential.
The energy that is stored and held in readiness is called potential energy (PE) because in the store state it has the potential for doing work
Kinetic Energy
If an object is moving then it is capable of doing work. It has energy of motion, or Kinetic energy (KE).
The kinetic energy of an objects depends on the mass of the object as well as its speed.
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Conservation of Energy
The law of conservation of energy states that energy may neither be created nor destroyed.
Work donePower =
Time interval
One well-known power unit is horse-power (hp). James Watt, who made the steam engine practical, measured the rate at which a horse could work and found it to be about 550 ft-lb / sec
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Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical advantage has a value:
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Momentum
You can calculate momentum by multiplying an objects mass (kilograms) and its velocity in (meters per second).
Momentum is measured in units of kilogram-meter per second
Mass x Velocity = kg.m/s
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Newton’s First Law
The state of motion of an object does not change as long as the net force acting on the object is zero
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalance force
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Newton’s Second Law
The acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on it divided by the objects mass.
Example
Double the mass of an object half the acceleration.
Half the mass double the acceleration
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Newton’s Third Law
Whenever an object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.
"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."
ACTION - REACTION
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Newton’s Inertia
Newton's first law of motion - sometimes referred to as the "law of inertia."
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
“every object continues in a state of rest, or of motion in a straight line at a constant speed, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces exerted upon it.”
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Collision
Elastic collisions occur when the colliding objects bounce off of each other. This typically occurs when you have colliding objects which are very hard or bouncy and kinetic energy is conserved.
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Collision
Inelastic collisions occur when two objects collide and kinetic energy is not conserved.
In this type of collision some of the initial kinetic energy is converted into other types of energy (heat, sound, etc.), which is why kinetic energy is NOT conserved in an inelastic collision.
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Bounce
If an object is acted on by equal and opposite forces then it will be in equilibrium, and it's acceleration or velocity (and so direction as well) will not be changed.
So when a ball bounces, it exerts a force on the floor, which matches the magnitude of the force in the opposite direction (the ball is bouncing perfectly vertical), up