physical versus chemical properties
DESCRIPTION
Physical versus Chemical Properties. Unit II - Part 1 The study of matter. Reviewing MATTER. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – the amount of matter in something Volume – the amount of space something occupies Which of the following is matter? A car? A box? You?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Physical versus Chemical Properties
Unit II - Part 1The study of matter
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• Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space– Mass – the amount of matter in something– Volume – the amount of space something
occupies
• Which of the following is matter?– A car?– A box?– You?
Reviewing MATTER
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What is a property?
• Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
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Physical Property
Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples:
• luster
• malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
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Density Pre-Question
Which of the following object do you think will float in water?
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Density
Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.
• Density can be used to identify a substance.
• The density of water is 1.0g/mL
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Density Discovery
Proposed Questions:
1.What do floating objects have in common?
2.What do sinking objects have in common?
- We will find out using gizmo.
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How does liquid density affect whether objects float or sink?
Let’s find out through gizmo.
Answer:
- If the density of the liquid increases the buoyancy of objects increase.
- Buoyancy: The ability of an object to float.
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How can you predict whether an object will float or not?
• Calculations:D = m/V = g/mL = g/cm3
• Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water?
Mass = 2.8 g Volume = 3.67 mLD = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL
– This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).
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Let’s practice density!!!
NCDPI Practice
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Solubility
What happens when you stir a spoonful of sugar into hot water?
- Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
- Three PartsSolute + Solvent = Solution(Kool-Aid Mix) (Water) (Kool-Aid)
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Why don’t some substances mix?
Make a list of substances that don’t mix:- Oil and water
- Gasoline and water
Why? Because they don’t like each other?
No
Polarity: - Polar molecules mix with other polar molecules.
- Non-polar molecules don’t mix with polar molecules.
“Like Dissolves Like”
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How does temperature of the solvent affect solubility?
What is your opinion?
Let’s find the answer using our Gizmo.
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
Examples:
•flammability
•ability to rust
•reactivity with vinegar
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More Density Calculations
• Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance.
Substance Density (g/ mL)
Mercury 13.6
Water 1.00
Ethanol 0.81
M=25.6 g V=31.6 mL
D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL
D= 0.81 g/mL
The substance is ethanol.