physical science vocabulary week 10. 1) hydrogen symbol – h atomic number – 1 combines with...
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PHYS
ICAL S
CIENCE
VOCABULARY
WE
EK
10
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1) HYDROGENSymbol – HAtomic Number – 1Combines with oxygen to form
water
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2) HELIUMSymbol – HeAtomic number – 2Was used to make the first gas
lasers
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3) LITHIUMSymbol – LiAtomic number – 3Used to make small batteries
for cameras, calculators and pacemakers
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4) BERYLLIUMSymbol – BeAtomic number – 4Found naturally in gems; gives
emeralds their color
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5) BORONSymbol – BAtomic number – 5Used to make heat resistant
glass like Pyrex.
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6) CARBONSymbol – CAtomic number – 6Makes diamonds
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7) NITROGENSymbol – NAtomic number – 7Makes up 78% of air.
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8) OXYGENSymbol – OAtomic number – 8Used as liquid rocket fuel.
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9) FLUORINESymbol – FAtomic number – 9Used in spray cans.
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10) NEONSymbol – NeAtomic number – 10Used in lights because it glows
orange or red
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1) SODIUMSymbol – NaAtomic Number – 11Sodium is used to transfer heat out
of nuclear reactors.
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2) MAGNESIUMSymbol – MgAtomic Number – 12Magnesium is used in fireworks and
flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.
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3) ALUMINUMSymbol – AlAtomic Number – 13Aluminum is used in airplane
wings.
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4) SILICONSymbol – SiAtomic Number – 14Silicon makes up flint, which Native
Americans used for tools and weapons.
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5) PHOSPHORUSSymbol – PAtomic number - 15Phosphorus is used to make things
glow.
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6) SULFURSymbol – SAtomic Number – 16Sulfur is used in gunpowder.
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7) CHLORINESymbol – ClAtomic Number – 17Chlorine was used in World War I as
a poison gas.
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8) ARGONSymbol – ArAtomic Number – 18Argon is the gas used to fill light
bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.
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9) POTASSIUMSymbol – KAtomic Number – 19Potassium is used to make
explosives.
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10) CALCIUMSymbol – CaAtomic Number – 20Calcium is a major component in
marble.
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VOCABULARY
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1) PURE SUBSTANCE
Made from one type of atom or one type of molecule only
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2) COMPOUND
Made of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure
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3) MIXTURE
Two or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure
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4) IRON
Atomic Number – 26Symbol – FeIron is used to make magnets.
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5) NICKEL
Atomic Number – 28Symbol – NiNickel only makes up 25% of a
nickel.
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6) COPPER
Atomic Number – 29Symbol – CuPennies are only coated in
copper.
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7) SILVER
Atomic number – 47Symbol – AgSilver compounds are used to
‘seed’ clouds and make rain.
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8) GOLD
Atomic number – 79Symbol – AuGold, silver and copper are all
in the same group, 11.
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9) MERCURY
Atomic number – 80Symbol – HgMercury is the only metal that
is a liquid at room temperature.
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10) LEAD
Atomic number – 82Symbol – PbOxides of lead are used to
make crystal.
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1) COVALENT BOND
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.
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2) IONIC BOND
A chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.
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3) VALENCE ELECTRON
An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
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4) CHEMICAL BOND
Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
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5) CHEMICAL REACTION
a process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions
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6) CHEMICAL FORMULA
a representation of a substance using symbols for its elements parts
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7) CHEMICAL EQUATION
a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product
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8) REACTANT
A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.
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9) PRODUCT
A substance resulting from a chemical reaction.
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10) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASSa fundamental principle of
physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed
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1) ELEMENT
Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means
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2) COMPOUND
A pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically
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3) MIXTURE
A type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically
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4) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
A combination of substances in which different components are easily observed
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5) HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
A combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout
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6) COEFFICIENT
A number written before a chemical formula which shows how many molecules of a compound are present
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7) SUBSCRIPT
A small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to tell the number of atoms of that element in the substance
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8) PHYSICAL CHANGE
Altering the physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance
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9) CHEMICAL CHANGE
Occurs when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties
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10) ATOMIC MASS
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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1) ENERGY
The ability to do work or cause changes to occur
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2) WORK
Application of a force to an object to move it a certain distance in the direction of the force
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3) MECHANICAL ENERGY
The energy associated with the motion of an object
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4) THERMAL ENERGY
Total amount of energy in all of the particle contained in a sample of matter
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5) HEAT
The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures
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6) CHEMICAL ENERGY
The energy that is stored in chemical bonds
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7) ELECTRICAL ENERGY
The energy that results from the flow of moving charges
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8) ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
Energy resulting from the motion of the charged particles within atoms
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9) SOUND ENERGY
Energy given off by a vibrating object
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10) NUCLEAR ENERGY
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result of strong nuclear forces
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1) KINETIC ENERGY
Energy resulting from the motion of an object
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2) POTENTIAL ENERGY
Stored energy
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3) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
States that while energy may be changed from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed
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4) FRICTION
A force that opposes the motion of an object
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5) SCIENTIFIC QUESTION
A precise question that can be answered through observation, measurement, testing or analysis
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6) SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A series of organized steps that guide the investigative process
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7) HYPOTHESIS
A possible answer to a scientific question
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8) EXPERIMENT
A procedure designed to test a hypothesis
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9) VARIABLE
Any factor that can affect the results of an experiment
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10) CONTROL GROUP
Experimental setup that represents the norm and shows what would happen in the absence of any changes regarding the independent variable.