Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/16/11Date :2/16/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.identify the difference between ionic and 1.identify the difference between ionic and covalent compoundscovalent compounds2.Learn about the bonds 2.Learn about the bonds Review Questions:Review Questions:Name the followingName the followingNp______Np______Er_______Er_______Other instructions:Other instructions:Lab .Rolling for a compound.Lab .Rolling for a compound.Homework:Homework:Do Work sheet for naming compoundDo Work sheet for naming compound

Physical SciencePhysical Science 09/29/1009/29/10Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:

1.Reteach the element’s place in the 1.Reteach the element’s place in the periodic chartperiodic chart2.Reteach naming and writing the formula 2.Reteach naming and writing the formula for compoundsfor compounds

Review Questions:Review Questions:1. Explain a cation1. Explain a cation

Other instructions:Other instructions:

Lab.Submit the work sheet before you Lab.Submit the work sheet before you leave leave

Homework:Homework: Do the work sheet Do the work sheet

IonsIons• An atom with a charge.• It can be positive or negative in

charge.• It can be obtain by loosing or gaining

electrons. (Protons never change)

CationsCations

• Are always positive in charge.• Obtain by loosing electrons.• Always going to be a metal• Written using the symbol with a + sign• Ex. Na+ Proton – 11, electron -10• Roman numerals are used to show the

charge of certain metals.• Ex: Fe 3+ is named as Iron III

AnionsAnions• Are always negative in charge.• Obtain by gaining electrons• Always going to be a nonmetal• Written using a symbol with a

negative sign.• Ex: Cl – (Proton -17 ,electron -18)

What is an oxidation number?What is an oxidation number?

• valence electron: electron in the outermost energy level of an atom

• oxidation number: number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when it forms a chemical bond

What is a chemical What is a chemical equation?equation?

chemical equation: *chemical formula that describe a

chemical reactioncoefficient: • number that shows how many

molecules of a substance are in a chemical reaction

• Used to balance an equation

Ionic CompoundIonic Compound• Metal and a nonmetal combined. • Always a cation and anion• Net charge will be zero.• Named as metal first ,then the nonmetal

that ends with ide,ite,ate.• Ex. Sodium Chloride (Name) NaCl (Symbol)• To write the symbol use the crisscross

method to cancel the charges.• Ex:

Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/17/11Date :2/17/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.understsnd to name compounds that contain 1.understsnd to name compounds that contain polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical 2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical compounds compounds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Three exceptions of polyatomic ions.1.Three exceptions of polyatomic ions.______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the Open book pre testFinish the Open book pre testHomework:Homework:Do Work sheet for polyatomic ionsDo Work sheet for polyatomic ions

Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/17/11Date :2/17/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.understsnd to name compounds that contain 1.understsnd to name compounds that contain polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical 2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical compounds compounds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Explain cations.1.Explain cations.______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the work sheet with the teacherFinish the work sheet with the teacherHomework:Homework:Do Work sheet for polyatomic ionsDo Work sheet for polyatomic ions

Physical SciencePhysical Science Date 02/21/11Date 02/21/11

Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Learn about the covalent compounds1.Learn about the covalent compounds2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds 2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Write the formula for sodium phosphide?1.Write the formula for sodium phosphide?______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:1.Finish the “October Sky” and submit the work 1.Finish the “October Sky” and submit the work sheetsheet2.Do Work sheet with the teacher2.Do Work sheet with the teacherHomework:Homework: Do the work sheet for the compounds. Do the work sheet for the compounds.

Metals with multiple ionsMetals with multiple ions• Many transition metals have more

than one oxidation number.• It is always indicated with roman

Numeral number.• Ex: Copper II Copper I Chromium II Chromium III

Two types of ionic Two types of ionic compoundscompounds

• Binary ionic compound• *Contain two elements• *Contain a metal and a nonmetal• Ex: NaCl

Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion• is a group of atoms that acts as a single

atom.• have an overall electrical charge.• atoms are held together by covalent bonds.• If there is more than one polyatomic ion in a

molecule, the polyatomic ion is written in parentheses.

. End with ite or ateEX: SO3

2- Sulfite (one less Oxygen than the ate) (Charge will be same)

SO42- Sulfate (Charge will be same)

3 Exceptions in the 3 Exceptions in the polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions

• Ammonium polyatomic cation that not ending with “ite” or “ate” ending

NH+4 - Ammonium

NH+3 -Ammonia

• Cyanide CN-

• Hydroxide OH-

Ternary Ionic compoundTernary Ionic compound• Contain a metal and a polyatomic ion• Contain three or more elements• Or contain a poly atomic cation and a

nonmetal• Or contain two polyatomic ions.

• Ex: Na2 SO4 ( 3 elements)

• Ex: Ca(SO4)2 (more than one polyatomic ions, you must use a parenthesis around it)

Covalent Compounds Covalent Compounds (Molecular compounds)(Molecular compounds)

• Always going to be nonmetals combined

• Identify or name using prefix for the number of atoms.

• Ex:

Prefix for covalent Prefix for covalent compoundcompound

• Mono -1• Di-2• Tri-3• Tetra-4• Penta-5• Hexta-6• Septa-7• Octa-8• Nano-9• Deca-10

Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/16/09Date :2/16/09

Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Learn about the Chemical bond1.Learn about the Chemical bond

2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds 2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds

Review Questions:Review Questions:1.An atom’s mass number equals the 1.An atom’s mass number equals the number of ________________________number of ________________________

Other instructions:Other instructions:

Lab. Chemical bonding Lab. Chemical bonding

Homework:Homework: Do the work sheet Do the work sheet

Chemical bonds Chemical bonds • are the force that join two or more

atoms. • A stable compound occurs. • a net (total) attractive force

between the atoms .

Two types of bondsTwo types of bonds• Covalent bond: one or more pairs of

electrons are shared by two atoms.• Ionic bond: one or more electrons

from one atom are removed and attached to another atom.

• resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.

Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds

• involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds • one or more atoms lose electrons

and other atoms gain

                                 

                     

Ionization energyIonization energy• The amount of energy used to remove an

electron is known as the ionization energy• Varies from element to elements• Energy increases from left to right(less

reactive)• Energy decreases from top to

bottom(easy to remove the electron, so it will be more reactive)

• Ex: K is more reactive than Na

Crystal LatticesCrystal Lattices• an ionic compound particles are

arranged in a repeating pattern • The attractions keeps the ions in a

fixed position in a frame work (lattice)• Ex:LiCl

Na

11

Cl

17

CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral

neutral

(metal) (nonmetal)

Na

11

Cl

17

CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral

neutral

(metal) (nonmetal)

Na

11

Cl

17

CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral

neutral

(metal) (nonmetal)

Na

11

Cl

17

CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral

neutral

(metal) (nonmetal)

Na

11

Cl

17

CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral

neutral

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

[Na] 1+

11

[Cl] 1-

17

CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive

negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)

(metal) (nonmetal)

What is a diatomic What is a diatomic molecule?molecule?

• is made up of two atoms of the same element

• is usually held together by a covalent bond.

• Most gaseous elements form diatomic molecules.

7 diatomic molecules7 diatomic molecules

• Hydrogen( H2),

• Oxygen ( O2),

• Nitrogen (N2),

• Fluorine (F2),

• Chlorine(Cl2),

• Bromine (Br2)

• Iodine(I2)

Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds• Is the attraction between a

metal cation and the shared electrons that surround it

• More valance electrons in a metal-stronger the metallic bond

Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/25/2010Date :2/25/2010Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Name the ionic and covalent compounds1.Name the ionic and covalent compounds2. Formula for ionic and covalent compounds2. Formula for ionic and covalent compoundsReview Questions:Review Questions:write the formula for the followingwrite the formula for the following

1.Sodiumphosphate1.Sodiumphosphate__________________________________________________________________

Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the work sheet (Use the rollercoaster Finish the work sheet (Use the rollercoaster book from under your desk).book from under your desk).Homework:Homework:Study for the unit testStudy for the unit test