physical science 5-12 monday element tiles periodic table info
TRANSCRIPT
Element tiles
All element tiles are due by end of day for full credit
I will select the tiles I will put up tonight:
Criteria- Try to put up 1 from each student
Tile info must be complete
Tile must be easily read at a distance
Today’s Homework
• Pg 119 1-6
• read 120-128 (uses , facts)
• do quick lab on page
• Pg 128 1-7
• Pg 136 4-11, pg 137 12-21
Quick questions
How many electrons and neutrons exist in a non-charged isotope of iodine (that has a atomic mass of 131)?
How are all the elements in a group related?
Electron cloud
• Location at any specific time is impossible to identify.
Paths are not exact and unchanging
Electron Orbitals
Not all paths electrons use orbiting the nucleus require the same amount of energy.
Electrons will fill up the paths that require the least amount of energy first
Valence electrons
Valance electrons are those electrons that occupy the outermost orbital in an atom
They determine how reactive the atom is by interacting with other atoms
Groups and periods
A group is a vertical column of the table
A period is the horizontal row of a period
Atomic Number
The atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an element
Each element has a different number of protons
The answer
The average atomic mass
The average mass (in atomic units) of any atom of a specific element
Found by adding up the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Electrons’ mass are insignificant
The number of neutrons can vary in atoms of a specific element
Isotope
Variations in the number of neutrons in atoms of a specific element
Ex: Most hydrogen atoms have no neutrons. But a rare form of hydrogen atoms will have a neutron
Answer
• Find the difference between the atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number) and the atomic number
Ions
• Atoms that gained extra electrons or lost electrons
• This creates a charged atom
• A charged atoms seeks to become neutral by binding with other oppositely charged atoms (reactivity)
This information must be written large and bold on front of tile
• The element symbol (3 inches)
• The element name (1 inch)
• Atomic number and mass (2-3 inch)
• One interesting piece of info from 2nd list
This information is to be written on the back
• State of matter at room temp• Density• Melting and boiling point• Hazards (human, environmental)• Benefits (human environmental)• Who discovered-named , why the name• Discovery date• Origin of symbol (name roots)• Isotope (most common, number)
Non-metals
Except for hydrogen, found on right side of periodic table
Diagonal starting with boron
Also include Germanium and antimony
Dull and brittle and poor conductors of electricity
How do metals differ from non-metals
They are bright and shiny
They are malleable
Conduct electricity
Make up the majority of elements
metalloids
• They are semi conductors
• Materials that conduct electricity only under certain conditions
• B, Si, As, Ge, Sb,Te
General features
• The elements generally get more reactive as you progress down the group
• Technetium and promethium are man-made elements
• All elements with atomic numbers > 92 are man-made as well
Alkali metals
• All elements in the farthest left column of the periodic table, except Hydrogen
• Very reactive, because they have a single valence electron (want to get rid of it)
• The mother theresa’s of the elements
Alkali earth metals
• All elements in the second-most left column
• Less reactive than alkali metals, but still reactive compared to most elements
• 2 valence electrons
Transition metals
• Located in the middle of the periodic table
• Groups 3 through 12 and all elements in the lowest 2 rows
• Much less reactive than other two families
but can gain or lose electrons easily
Halogens
These are in the 2nd column from the right in the chart
These are the terrorists of the periodic table
They need one more electron to be complete
They look to steal electrons from other elements