physical science 4.2 : the atom
TRANSCRIPT
THE ATOM
Physical Science
Chapter 4.2
Objectives:1. Describe the size of an atom
2. Name the parts of an atom
3. Describe the relationship between numbers of protons and neutrons and atomic number
4. State how isotopes differ
5. Calculate atomic masses
6. Describe the forces within an atom
BellringerAn atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be that element. Now that scientists have learned that an atom is made up of even smaller particles, is this definition still accurate?
How small is an atom? Three One-Hundred-Millionths of a
Centimeter!Scientists know that aluminum is made
of average-sized atoms. An aluminum atom has a diameter of about 0.00000003 cm
What is an atom made of?
The NucleusProtons
○ Positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutrons
○ Particles of the nucleus that have no electrical charge
Outside the NucleusElectrons
○ Negatively charged particles in atoms○ Found around the nucleus within electron clouds
How do atoms of different elements differ? Starting Simply
The hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron
Now for Some NeutronsThe helium atom has
two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons
Building Bigger AtomsFor bigger atoms
○ simply add protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons and Atomic NumberAtomic number
○ The number of protons in the nucleus of an atomAll atoms of an element have the same atomic
number
Isotope Atoms that have the same number of protons
but have different numbers of neutrons
Properties of IsotopesAn unstable atom is an atom with a nucleus
that will change over time○ Radioactive isotope
Telling Isotopes ApartYou can identify each isotope of an element by
its mass numberMass number
○ Sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
Naming IsotopesTo identify a specific isotope of an element
○ write the name of the element followed by a hyphen and the mass number of the isotope
○ Carbon-126 protons, 6 neutrons
○ Chlorine isotope has 17 protons and 18 neutronsSO chlorine-35,
- Mass number = protons + neutrons
= 17 + 18 = 35
Calculating the Mass of an Element Atomic mass of an element
weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
Forces in the atom Four Basic Forces
Four basic forces are at work everywhere○ even within the atom
These forces are:○ gravitational force○ electromagnetic force○ strong force○ weak force
These forces work together to give an atom its structure and properties