physical property describes form or behavior of matter
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Physical PropertyPhysical Property
Describes form or Describes form or behavior of matterbehavior of matter
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
• ColorColor• LusterLuster• MalleabilityMalleability• ConductivityConductivity• HardnessHardness• CleavageCleavage• Phase at room Phase at room
temp.temp.• Vapor pressureVapor pressure
• Melting point• Boiling point• Heat of fusion• Heat of
vaporization• Density• Specific Heat
Physical constants!Physical constants!
Chemical PropertyChemical Property
Describes how matter Describes how matter interacts with other interacts with other matter: reactivity matter: reactivity
Chemical ChangeChemical Change
Identity ChangeIdentity Change
Examples of Chemical Examples of Chemical ChangeChange
Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Double
Replacement, Combustion, Replacement, Combustion, Polymerization, Esterification, etc.Polymerization, Esterification, etc.
MonatomicMonatomic
One-atom MoleculeOne-atom Molecule
2 or more uppercase 2 or more uppercase letters in formulaletters in formula
CompoundCompound
Physical ChangePhysical Change
Identity stays the Identity stays the samesame
HH22O(l) O(l) H H22O(g)O(g)
Phase changes are Phase changes are physical changes. physical changes.
Identity stays the same.Identity stays the same.
2H2H22O(l) O(l) 2H 2H2 2 + O+ O22(g)(g)
Identity changes.Identity changes.
Chemical change.Chemical change.
DiatomicDiatomic
2-Atom Molecule2-Atom Molecule
GasesGases
Take the shape & Take the shape & volume of their containervolume of their container
Physical ConstantPhysical Constant
Physical property Physical property expressed with a # & unit. expressed with a # & unit.
Independent of sample Independent of sample size.size.
LiquidsLiquids
Definite volume but no Definite volume but no definite shapedefinite shape
SolidsSolids
Definite volume & Definite volume & definite shapedefinite shape
CompoundCompound
2 or more elements 2 or more elements chemically combinedchemically combined
ElementElement
Cannot be broken down into Cannot be broken down into anything simpler by anything simpler by ordinary chemical or ordinary chemical or
physical methodsphysical methods
MixtureMixture
Physical combination of 2 Physical combination of 2 or more pure substances.or more pure substances.
Pure SubstancesPure Substances
Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds
MixturesMixtures
Heterogeneous or Heterogeneous or HomogeneousHomogeneous
DistillationDistillation
Physical method of Physical method of separating mixture of 2 or separating mixture of 2 or
more liquids based on more liquids based on differences in boiling points.differences in boiling points.
SolutionSolution
Homogeneous Mixture. Homogeneous Mixture. Liquid & gas phase solutions Liquid & gas phase solutions
transmit light. Look transmit light. Look translucent. Do not translucent. Do not
separate on standing.separate on standing.
SuspensionSuspension
Heterogeneous Mixture. Heterogeneous Mixture. Scatter light. Look cloudy. Scatter light. Look cloudy.
Need to be shaken or Need to be shaken or stirred. Separate on stirred. Separate on
standing.standing.
NaCl(NaCl(aqaq))
Homogeneous Mixture. Homogeneous Mixture. NaCl dissolved in water.NaCl dissolved in water.
NaCl(s)NaCl(s)
Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the solid phase.the solid phase.
Variable CompositionVariable Composition
MixtureMixture
NaCl(l)NaCl(l)
Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the liquid phase.the liquid phase.
NaCl(g)NaCl(g)
Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the gas phase.the gas phase.
HomogeneousHomogeneous
Uniform, constant, the Uniform, constant, the same throughout.same throughout.
Always HomogeneousAlways Homogeneous
Pure substance: Element Pure substance: Element or Compoundor Compound
FiltrationFiltration
Physical separation Physical separation technique used to separate technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in Based on differences in
particle size.particle size.
SortingSorting
Physical separation Physical separation technique used to separate technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in Based on differences in
appearance.appearance.
Definite & Unique Definite & Unique PropertiesProperties
Pure substance. Element Pure substance. Element or Compound.or Compound.
Broken into components by Broken into components by chemical decomposition chemical decomposition
reactionreaction
CompoundCompound
Definite CompositionDefinite Composition
Pure substance. Element Pure substance. Element or Compound.or Compound.
Separated by physical Separated by physical techniquetechnique
MixtureMixture
TriatomicTriatomic
3-atom Molecule3-atom Molecule
May be homogeneous or May be homogeneous or heterogeneousheterogeneous
MixtureMixture
Density, melting point, Density, melting point, boiling pointboiling point
Examples of physical Examples of physical constantsconstants
Law of conservation of Law of conservation of mattermatter
Mass Before = Mass AfterMass Before = Mass After
Given: X + 2Y Given: X + 2Y Q + 3Z Q + 3Z
Mass Before = Mass AfterMass Before = Mass After
When 44 grams of X react completely with When 44 grams of X react completely with 128 grams of Y, 32 grams of Q are 128 grams of Y, 32 grams of Q are produced. How much Z will be made?produced. How much Z will be made?
The equation is a distractor. 44 + 128 – The equation is a distractor. 44 + 128 – 32 = grams Z = 140 g.32 = grams Z = 140 g.
No new properties. No new properties. Properties are a mix of Properties are a mix of
properties of components.properties of components.
MixtureMixture
CC66HH1212OO66(s) (s) C C66HH1212OO66(aq)(aq)
Equation represents Equation represents dissolving. Dissolving is a dissolving. Dissolving is a
physical change.physical change.
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
Used to identify Used to identify substances.substances.
Atoms can vibrate back & Atoms can vibrate back & forth about a fixed forth about a fixed
position.position.
Solid stateSolid state
Matter
Substances Mixtures
Elements CompoundsHeterogeneous
MixturesHomogeneous
Mixtures
Mixtures Separated by physical methods.Compounds Separated by chemical methods.
Phys. M.
Chem.
(solutions)(solutions)(suspensions)(suspensions)
Ways to separate Ways to separate heterogeneous mixturesheterogeneous mixtures
• Sorting• Filtration• Crystallization• Evaporation• Distillation• Chromatography• Differences in
density
• Differences in magnetic properties
• Differences in solubility
Change of phase termsChange of phase terms
• Evaporation = • Freezing =• Melting =• Condensation =• Boiling =• Deposition =• Fusion =• Vaporization =• Sublimation =
Liquid to gasLiquid to gas
Liquid to gasLiquid to gas
Liquid to gasLiquid to gas
Liquid to solidLiquid to solidSolid to liquidSolid to liquid
Solid to liquidSolid to liquid
Gas to liquidGas to liquid
Gas to solidGas to solid
Solid to gasSolid to gas
Molecules are relatively far Molecules are relatively far apart from each other & can apart from each other & can move from place to place.move from place to place.
Gas PhaseGas Phase
One substance One substance dissolveddissolved in another substancein another substance
SolutionSolution
Phase at room Phase at room temperatruetemperatrue
Physical propertyPhysical property
Molecules are pretty close, Molecules are pretty close, but have enough room to but have enough room to slide or tumble past each slide or tumble past each
other.other.
Liquid PhaseLiquid Phase
ChromatographyChromatography
Physical separation Physical separation technique based on technique based on
differences in differences in intermolecular forces.intermolecular forces.
VaporVapor
Gas phase of a substance Gas phase of a substance that is usually a liquid at that is usually a liquid at
room temperature.room temperature.
Names for some chemical Names for some chemical changeschanges
Corrosion, Corrosion, Decomposition, Decomposition, Neutralization, Neutralization,
Burning, Burning, FermentationFermentation
# of atoms of each element # of atoms of each element before = # of atoms of each before = # of atoms of each
element afterelement after
Law of Conservation Law of Conservation of Matterof Matter
PercentPercent
PartPart X 100% X 100%WholeWhole
1 upper case letter in 1 upper case letter in formulaformula
ElementElement
Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Pulling into wire, Hammering Pulling into wire, Hammering
into sheetinto sheet
Examples of physical Examples of physical changeschanges
Phase ChangesPhase Changes
Physical changesPhysical changes
DissolvingDissolving
Physical ChangePhysical Change
Evidence of Chemical Evidence of Chemical ChangeChange
•Production of heat & lightProduction of heat & light•Formation of a gas Formation of a gas (bubbles)(bubbles)•Formation of a precipitateFormation of a precipitate•Change in identifying Change in identifying propertiesproperties
Opposite of dissolving. Opposite of dissolving. Solid comes out of Solid comes out of
solution.solution.
PrecipitationPrecipitation
Particles arranged in a Particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern.regular geometric pattern.
SolidSolid
Particle Diagrams
Pure substance: units the same. molecules of a triatomic compound.
Mixture: units differ. monatomic element, diatomic element, triatomic compound.
MixtureMixture
Pure SubstancePure Substance
Pure SubstancePure Substance
Pure SubstancePure Substance