physical properties of planets two distinct types of ... · plutonian (pluto-like) objects - small...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical Properties of Planets
Two distinct types of planets: Terrestrial Planets (Earth-like) Jovian Planets (Jupiter-like)
Size:
Mass:
![Page 2: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Physical Property of Planets
Density: - measure of how compressed a substance is - determined by total mass & volume it occupies
= Mass
Volume Examples: Water 1.0 g/cm3 Air 0.0013 g/cm3 Rocks 2.5-3.5 g/cm3 Styrofoam 0.1 g/cm3 Lead 12 g/cm3 Ice 0.92 g/cm3 Gold 19 g/cm3
- indicates the composition of object! Density:
![Page 3: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Terrestrial Planets: - large density ("rocky" composition)
Jovian Planets: - small density ("Gas Giants")
-mostly liquefied gas
Prot:
No. of Moons:
Mercury 0 Jupiter 67+rings Venus 0 Saturn 62+rings Earth 1 Uranus 27+rings Mars 2 Neptune 14+rings
Pluto 5
![Page 4: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Terrestrial Planets:
- small size - small mass - large density - "rocky" composition - long rotational periods - hard surfaces with possible atmosphere -no atmosphere Mercury -very, very thick atm. Venus - few, if any moons
All 4 Inner Planets (and some large moons)
![Page 5: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mercury Global Image
Mercury surface close-up
![Page 6: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mercury "Spider Crater"
Mercury and Moon comparison
![Page 7: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Venus visual image
Venus Radar Map
![Page 8: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Surface of Venus (Venera spacecraft)
Maat Mons volcano from Magellan data
![Page 9: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mars Global Image
Opportunity rover at Endeavour Crater
![Page 10: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ice on Mars (Phoenix Lander)
Ice on Mars (Phoenix Lander)
![Page 11: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Subsurface Water on Mars?
Eroded pebbles in sediment = fast flowing water.
![Page 12: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Curiosity rover at Gale Crater
Ancient Mars ??
![Page 13: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Jovian Planets:
-large size -large mass -small density "Gas Giants" -mostly liquefied gas -short rotational periods -ring systems and many moons
All 4 Large Outer Planets
![Page 14: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=Gallery
![Page 15: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Jupiter's Rings discovered by Voyager 1
![Page 16: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Voyager 1 image of Saturn
![Page 17: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scattered light seen from behind Saturn (Cassini)
Titan and Epimetheus behind Saturn's rings
![Page 18: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
(Cassini)
Saturn in infrared
Recent Storm (2010 - now) on Saturn
![Page 19: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Enceladus (300 mi across) in front of Saturn
North Pole of Saturn with “Hexagon”
![Page 20: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Neptune's rings (Voyager 2)
Neptune and Triton (Voyager 2)
![Page 24: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations - Beyond orbit of Neptune (Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud)
![Page 25: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plutonian / Dwarf Planets
Name a diameter Eris (2003) * 68 AU 1450 mi Pluto (1930) 39 AU 1430 mi Makemake (2005) 46 AU 1200 mi 2007 OR10 67 AU ~800 mi Haumea (2004) 43 AU ~780 mi Quaoar (2002) 43 AU ~700 mi Sedna (2004) 530 AU ~650 mi Orcus (2004) 39 AU ~610 mi 2002 MS4 41 AU ~600 mi Salacia 42 AU ~575 mi * http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/index.html
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dwarfplanets/
Likely Candidates
Name a Diameter Varuna (2000) 43 AU ~475 mi 2013 FY27 59 AU ~475 mi 2003 AZ84 40 AU ~465 mi Varda 46 AU ~430 mi Ixion (2001) 40 AU ~420 mi Chaos 46 AU ~380 mi
![Page 26: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Formation of the Solar System
Sun, planets and all of solar system -formed from gravitational collapse of large cloud of gas & dust - mostly Hydrogen, Helium
![Page 27: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Properties of Gravitational Collapse
Heating of gas & dust -gravitational energy released -increases temperature of cloud - hotter at center - cooler at edges
Rotation -during collapse, rate of rotation increases -all parts of the cloud rotate in the same direction -causes cloud to flatten into a disk
![Page 29: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
During Collapse of cloud: -Three temperature regions
Inner Region: -temperature rises above 2000oC -all matter is vaporized -no solid matter, only free atoms
forms SUN
Midrange Region: -temperature: 0oC to 2000oC -heavier elements can form solids -no light gases or ice (frozen gas)
forms Terrestrial Planets
Outer Region: -temperature less than 0oC -heavier elements can form solids -light gases and ice are present
forms Jovian Planets
http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~joel/papers.html
![Page 31: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Physical Properties of Planets Two distinct types of ... · Plutonian (Pluto-like) Objects - Small mass, size - Small density (mostly ice) - Very Elliptical orbits with high inclinations](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063023/5ffcc459e91b14449d6a23fd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)