physical geology chapter 3 review. latitude - the distance north or south of the earth's...
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![Page 1: Physical Geology Chapter 3 Review. Latitude - The distance north or south of the earth's equator. 0 degrees latitude is the equator, the "belt" that goes](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d845503460f94a6a318/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical Geology
Chapter 3 Review
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• Latitude - The distance north or south of the earth's equator. 0 degrees latitude is the equator, the "belt" that goes around the "waist" of the earth. 90 degrees north is the North Pole and 90 degrees south is the South Pole.
• Lines of latitude (parallels) are blue (north) and red (south) in the drawing.
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• 1 degree of latitude equals 1/360th of the earth’s circumference
• That is 111 km
• A degree is divided into 60 minutes
• A minute is divided into 60 seconds
• Washington, D.C., is located at 38 degrees, 53 minutes, 23 seconds North Latitude
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• Longitude - Angular distance on the earth's surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at Greenwich, England.
• Lines of longitude (meridians) are blue (east) and red (west) in the drawing.
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• Degrees of longitude are different sizes
• 111 km at the equator, 55 km at 60 N/S, smaller at poles
• 180 degrees E/W is the International Dateline
• Longitude of Washington, D.C., is 77 degrees, 00 minutes, 33 seconds West Longitude
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• Give the latitude and longitude of the red, orange, green and pink dots! As you may recall, the latitude lines are shown for every 10 degrees, starting at the equator; the longitude lines are shown for every 15 degrees, starting at the prime meridian. And don't forget, both latitude and longitude are expressed as a certain number of degrees plus a direction - N, S, E or W!
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• A great circle is any circle that divides the earth into halves. It is the shortest route between two locations on the face of the earth.
• Used in navigation
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Time zones
• Local time measures position of sun in relation to a given position
• Solar noon = sun directly overhead
• 360 degrees of longitude divided into 24 time zones (15 degrees each)
• Zones group population centers so lines vary in places
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Time Zones
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Finding Direction and Location
• Magnetic compass takes advantage of Earth’s magnetism
• Geomagnetic pole different than the geographic pole
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Adjust your compass!
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Global Positioning System
• Uses 24 satellites
• Transmit radio signals to the surface
• Any three satellites triangulate position
• Position includes longitude, latitude, and altitude
• Accurate to 10-15 meters OR a few cm
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Map Projections
• Cartography/Cartographers
• A flat map that represents the 3-D rounded surface of the earth
• Cylindrical, azimuthal, conic
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Projections
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Cylindrical
• Surface of globe is projected onto paper cylinder
• Most accurate at point of contact (equator)
• More distortion to N and S
• Still has rigid gridwork for finding locations
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Conical
• Most accurate where cone touches globe
• Polyconic uses strips from many conics
• Most accurate form in both size and shape
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Azimuthal
• In contact at one point so distorted in all directions from point
• Great circle looks like a straight line
• Great for navigation
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Reading a Map
• Name
• Adjacent
• Declination
• Date
• Scale
• Location
• Road Class
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Legend
• Symbols used on the map
• Scale
• Direction
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Types of Maps
• Topographic
• Geologic
• Soil
• Highway
• Political
• Isograms
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Political
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PoliticalPolitical
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Topographic
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Soils
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Geologic
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Topographic
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• Connect equal values
• Can be for temperature, precipitation, magnetism, etc.
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• Connect equal values
• Can be for temperature, precipitation, magnetism, etc.
Isogram
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Road map or
Highway map