physical geography of south asia tuloso-midway high school
TRANSCRIPT
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Physical Geography of
South Asia
TULOSO-MIDWAY HIGH SCHOOL
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Landform Regions of South Asia
Himalayas
The Ganges River Basin
The Indus River Basin
The Deccan Plateau
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HIMALAYAS• Separate India
from other countries in the region
• Contains the world’s highest mountain, Mt. Everest (~29,000 ft above sea level)
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HIMALAYAS• Formed by tectonic
forces - convergence
• Earthquakes are common in region
• Among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet (70 million years old)
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Hindu Kush• Smaller in area than
the Himalayas, but almost as high and just as rugged.
• Located mostly in Afghanistan.
• The word “kush” means “death.”
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Khyber Pass• Best known pass
through the Hindu Kush.
• For centuries, traders and invaders traveled through this pass.
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Kashmir• Isolated valley in
northern India.• Famous for the
production of a fine wool.
• Split between India, Pakistan and China.
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Indo-Gangetic Plain• Large plain formed
by the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers.
• Most fertile and densely populated part of South Asia.
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Indus River• Largest river of
Pakistan.
• The word “indus” means “river.”
• India’s name comes from this river.
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DECCAN PLATEAU• Makes up most of
central and southern India
• Rugged area
• Access difficult
• Low population density
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Deccan Plateau• Large plateau (an
elevated flat or hilly landmass)
• Bordered by mountains:– Vindhyas– Western Ghats– Eastern Ghats
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DECCAN PLATEAU
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RIVER SYSTEMS• Indus River and
Ganges River are the two most important in the region
• Provide for farming (irrigation) and energy production (hydroelectric power)
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GANGES RIVER• Religious rituals of
the Hindu include:
– Bathing for purification and
– Disposal of their deceased
• RESULT:
• One of the most polluted rivers in the world
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Ganges River• Largest river in
India.• Most holy river of
Hinduism.• Joins with
Brahmaputra to create an enormous delta in Bangladesh.
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GANGES RIVER
• POLLUTED RIVER
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GANGES RIVER• National Geographic article on the
polluted state of the Ganges River– http://news.nationalgeographic.com/
news/2011/11/111123-india-ganges-river-pollution/
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Brahmaputra River
• Large river that starts in Tibet (China).
• Runs through India and Bangladesh.
• Name means “Son of Brahma.”
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Thar Desert
Large desert in India and Pakistan.
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Western Ghats
The Western Ghats create a “rain shadow.”
Windward Side Leeward
Side
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Review: Physical Features• Deccan
Plateau• Himalayas• Hindu Kush• Indo-Gangetic
Plain• Thar Desert• Western
Ghats
Hindu Kush
HimalayasThar Desert
Indo-Gangetic
Western Ghats
Deccan Plateau
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Climates• With monsoons to the
South and East, there is heavy seasonal rainfall (India).
• Dry climates to the west (in Pakistan).
• Highland climates in the north (Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan).
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MONSOONS• To the people of India,
the monsoons are a source of life.
• Seasonal reversal of winds bring heavy rainfall or no rain at all.
• General onshore movement in summer, bringing rainfall (lots of it).
• General offshore flow in winter, resulting in little rain.
• Very distinctive seasonal precipitation
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POTENTIALLY NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MONSOONS
• Widespread flooding• Property damage• Destruction to agricultural lands• Damage to transportation infrastructure• Homelessness• Disease• Malnutrition• Serious injury• Death
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Natural Hazards in South Asia
• Earthquakes
• Monsoons and Flooding
• Drought and Fires
• Tsunamis
• Cyclones
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TSUNAMIS• A series of ocean waves generated usually by
an earthquake in the sea floor. • In the deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only
be a few inches high.
• The tsunami wave may come gently ashore or may increase in height to become a fast moving wall of turbulent water several meters high.
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TSUNAMIS• Video of March 11, 2011 tsunami in Japan
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/environment-news/japan-tsunami-2011-vin/
• Video of tsunami in Sri Lanka
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-sri-lanka/
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CYCLONES• A cyclone is a hurricane that occurs in
the South Pacific or Indian Oceans
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CYCLONES• More on cyclones from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/cyclone.html