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PSYCHOSOCIALPSYCHOSOCIALDEVELOPMENT BYDEVELOPMENT BY

ERIKSONERIKSONBY:BY:

MARYAM NUR SYAHEEDA WAHIBMARYAM NUR SYAHEEDA WAHIB

RAIZATUL AKMAL RUJUNAIDIRAIZATUL AKMAL RUJUNAIDIMOHD SHAHRIL IZWAN MUSTAFAMOHD SHAHRIL IZWAN MUSTAFA

MOHD NUR IZZUDDIN MOHD ZAINMOHD NUR IZZUDDIN MOHD ZAIN


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Eriksons theory of psychosocialEriksons theory of psychosocial

developmentdevelopment oneof the bestoneof the best--known theoriesofknown theoriesof

personality in psychology.personality in psychology.

believed that personality developsinabelieved that personality developsinaseriesofstages.seriesofstages.

describes theimpactofsocialexperiencedescribes theimpactofsocialexperienceacross thewholelifespan.across thewholelifespan.


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Eriksons psychosocial stageEriksons psychosocial stage

theorytheory:

:

DevelopmentofDevelopmentofego identity.ego identity. Is concernedwith becoming competentinanIs concernedwith becoming competentinan

areaoflife. If thestageis handledwell, theareaoflife. If thestageis handledwell, the

personwillfeelasenseofmastery.personwillfeelasenseofmastery. If thestageis handledwell, the personwillfeelIf thestageis handledwell, the personwillfeelasenseofmastery.asenseofmastery.

Butif thestageismanaged poorly, the personButif thestageismanaged poorly, the personwillemergewith asenseofinadequacy.willemergewith asenseofinadequacy.


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Ineach stage, Erikson believed peopleIneach stage, Erikson believed peopleexperienceaexperienceaconflictconflict thatservesasa turningthatservesasa turningpointindevelopment.pointindevelopment.

--these conflictsare centeredoneitherthese conflictsare centeredoneither

developinga psychologicalquality ordevelopinga psychologicalquality or

failing todevelop thatquality.failing todevelop thatquality.

--During these times, the potentialfor personalDuring these times, the potentialfor personalgrowth is high, butsois the potentialforgrowth is high, butsois the potentialfor

failure.failure.

Eriksons psychosocial stageEriksons psychosocial stage

theory:theory:


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Ego identityEgo identity::

The conscioussenseofself thatweThe conscioussenseofself thatwedevelop through socialinteraction.develop through socialinteraction.

Ouregoidentity is constantly changingOuregoidentity is constantly changingdue tonewexperienceandinformationwedue tonewexperienceandinformationweacquireinourdaily interactionswithacquireinourdaily interactionswithothers.others.

asenseofcompetencealsomotivatesasenseofcompetencealsomotivatesbehaviorsandactions.behaviorsandactions.


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Psychosocial Stage 1Psychosocial Stage 1 -- Trust vs.Trust vs.

MistrustMistrust The first stageThe first stage -- occurs between birth and oneoccurs between birth and one

year of age (infancy) and is the most fundamentalyear of age (infancy) and is the most fundamentalstage in life.stage in life.

The development of trust is based on theThe development of trust is based on thedependability and quality of the childs caregiversdependability and quality of the childs caregiversbecause an infant is completely dependent.because an infant is completely dependent.

If a child successfully develops trust, he/she willIf a child successfully develops trust, he/she will

feel safe and secu

re in th

e world. Caregivers wh

ofeel safe and secu

re in th

e world. Caregivers wh

oare inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, orare inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, orrejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in therejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in thechildren they care for. Failure to develop trust willchildren they care for. Failure to develop trust willresult in fear and a belief that the world isresult in fear and a belief that the world is

inconsistent and

unpredi

ctable.in

consistent and

unpredi

ctable.


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Psychosocial Stage 3Psychosocial Stage 3 -- Initiative vs.Initiative vs.

GuiltGuilt During the preschool years, children beginDuring the preschool years, children begin

to assert their power and control over theto assert their power and control over theworld through directing play and otherworld through directing play and other

social interaction.social interaction.

Children who are successful at this stageChildren who are successful at this stagefeel capable and able to lead others. Thosefeel capable and able to lead others. Thosewho fail to acquire these skills are leftwho fail to acquire these skills are leftwith a sense of guilt, selfwith a sense of guilt, self--doubt, and lackdoubt, and lackof initiative.of initiative.


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Psychosocial Stage 4Psychosocial Stage 4 -- IndustryIndustry

vs. Inferiorityvs. Inferiority

This stage covers the early school years fromThis stage covers the early school years fromapproximately age 5 to 11.approximately age 5 to 11.

Through social interactions, children begin toThrough social interactions, children begin to

develop a sense of pride in their accomplishmentsdevelop a sense of pride in their accomplishmentsand abilities.and abilities.

Children who are encouraged and commended byChildren who are encouraged and commended byparents and teachers develop a feeling ofparents and teachers develop a feeling ofcompetence and belief in their skills.competence and belief in their skills.

Those who receive little or no encouragementThose who receive little or no encouragementfrom parents, teachers, or peers will doubt theirfrom parents, teachers, or peers will doubt theirability to be successful.ability to be successful.


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Psychosocial Stage 5Psychosocial Stage 5 -- Identity vs.Identity vs.

ConfusionConfusion During adolescence, children are exploringDuring adolescence, children are exploring

their independence and developing atheir independence and developing asense of self.sense of self.

Those who receive proper encouragementThose who receive proper encouragementand reinforcement through personaland reinforcement through personalexploration will emerge from this stageexploration will emerge from this stagewith a strong sense of self and a feeling ofwith a strong sense of self and a feeling of

independence and

control.

Those w

hoindependen

ce and

control.

Those w

horemain unsure of their beliefs and desiresremain unsure of their beliefs and desires

will insecure and confused aboutwill insecure and confused aboutthemselves and the future.themselves and the future.


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THATS ALLTHATS ALL

THANK YOU.THANK YOU.

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