phylum porifera€¦ · phylum porifera (sponges) what is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals •...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phylum Porifera(Sponges)
![Page 2: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a sponge?
• sessile aquatic animals
• Approx 5000 species
• Mainly marine, some freshwater
• Worldwide in distribution, mainly in quiet, clear
waters; all depths and temperatures
![Page 3: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Anatomy
• Simple water-flow
system covers
feeding, respiration,
excretion,
reproduction
![Page 4: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anatomy
• Simple water-flow system covers feeding, respiration, excretion, reproduction
• Some specialized cells
• No nerves or muscles but can move in a coordinated way
![Page 5: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Sponges
• Calcarea – calcite
spicules; may have
heavy skeleton; no
spongin
![Page 6: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Sponges
• Glass sponges
(Hexactinellida) light
reinforcement of silica
spicules; no spongin
![Page 7: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of Sponges
• Demospongia: silica spicules,
may have heavy skeleton;
have spongin
![Page 8: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Sponges
• Demospongia: 90% of all sponges
• All large sponges
• Includes the bath sponges
![Page 9: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Feeding
• Mainly filter feeders
• some have autotroph symbionts (green algae and cyanobacteria)
• a few are carnivorous “The prey, mostly small
crustaceans and other invertebrates provided with setae or thin appendages, is trapped on the surface of appendages of the sponges, which is lined by tiny hook-like spicules acting asVelcro. Then the cells of the sponge migrate towards the prey, andindividually phagocytize and digest fragment of the prey. ”
![Page 10: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reproduction
• Asexual:– Budding
– Fragments
– Produce gemmules “ ‘survival pods’ which a few marine sponges and many freshwater species produce by the thousands when dying and which some, regularly produce in autumn. shells of spongin, often reinforced with spicules, around clusters of cells full of nutrients. ”
![Page 11: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reproduction
• Sexual:
– Most are hermaphrodites (produce both eggs
and sperm)
– Most release sperm into the water and retain
eggs until hatched
– Eggs hatch into larvae that float for a few
days, then settle and transform
![Page 12: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Evolution
• Choanoflagellates are
protists which strongly
resemble the main
cells of sponges
• These joined in
colonies to form first
multio-cellular
animals
![Page 13: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Relationships
• Once thought ancestral to all multicellular
animals
• Now not so clear
• Sponges may not be a coherent group with
one common ancestor
• Still - very close to the FIRST multicellular
animals
![Page 14: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fossil History
• Chemical traces from
1,800 million years
ago (MYA)
• Well-preserved
sponges from 580
MYA
![Page 15: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Use
• Dolphins put sponges on
noses
• “Worn like a sort of glove, a
sponge appears to protect a
dolphin when it pokes around
on the bottom of the bay ” -http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20
050615/Note2.asp
• Learned behavior
![Page 16: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Use
• People – 2 species used for bath sponges,
painting, padding, filtering, even
contraception
• These nearly collected
to extinction
• Now largely replaced
by plastics
![Page 17: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Use
• People – sponges produce many chemicals,
some may become useful medicinally
![Page 18: Phylum Porifera€¦ · Phylum Porifera (Sponges) What is a sponge? • sessile aquatic animals • Approx 5000 species • Mainly marine, some freshwater • Worldwide in distribution,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040413/5f0970d17e708231d426d893/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge
• http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050615/No
te2.asp
• textbook