phylum porifera - denver school of the...
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Phylum Porifera 1
Phylum Porifera
The Sponges
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Phylum Porifera 2
Sponges
– Over 7,000 species, approximately 40 species that occur in
local waters
– 2% of all sponges are freshwater, none are terrestrial
Phylum Porifera Overview
Most primitive of the multicellular animals
– There is some debate if sponges are complex
colonial protozans and not metazoans.
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Phylum Porifera 3
Phylum Porifera Overview
Sponges occur in shallow water habitats and
vary widely in size (up to 1m. high) and shape
– Unlike most metazoans they lack:
All sponges are sessile filter feeders
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Phylum Porifera 4
Sponge Diversity
Yellow Tube
Sponge
Black-ball sponge
Erect Rope
Sponge
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Phylum Porifera 5
Porifera Anatomy
Spongocoel
Ostia
Oscules
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Phylum Porifera 6
Collar Cells
Choanocytes: (collar cells) act as a pump to bring water into the sponge
Choanocytes
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Phylum Porifera 7
Sponge Support
Collagen is found between the inner canals and chambers – Mesohyl
Ameboid cells located in the mesohyl, have different roles – Archeocytes
– Sclerocytes
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Phylum Porifera 8
Sponge Support
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Phylum Porifera 9
Spicules
Collagen is stiffened by adding microscopic mineral accretions or additional protein fibers (spongin) or both. – Spicules: skeleton
structures, made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Spicules
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Sponge Types
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Phylum Porifera 11
Porifera Reproduction
Asexual budding
Regeneration: can regenerate from broken pieces
Sexual – Usually hermaphroditic with male and female cells
scattered throughout the connective tissue.
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Phylum Porifera 12
Porifera Larvae
Neighboring sponges
are fertilized by
sperm entering
through the ostia
– Ciliated mouth less
larvae
(parenchymella) is
released. Parenchymella
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Phylum Porifera 14
Porifera Classification
Phylum Porifera
– Class Calcarea
– Class Demospongiae
– Class Hexactinellida
– Sclerospongiae is no
longer considered a
class
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Phylum Porifera 15
Class Calcarea
Have spicules made of
calcium carbonate
Mostly small in size (<15
cm.), and form irregular
masses
Never contain spongin,
restricted to shallow water,
and strictly marine
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Phylum Porifera 16
Class Demospongiae (Most sponges)
Have spicules made of silicon dioxide (SiO2) or spongin or a combination of both
Most sponges belong to this class (90%) – Nearly all are leuconoid body
type
Mostly found on the continental shelf
Spongia spp. (Bath sponge)
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Phylum Porifera 17
Class Hexactinellida (Glass sponges)
Spicules are made of silica
Usually found in deep water on soft substrates in the tropics 200-1,000m.
Spicules are six pointed and have a lattice-like structure
Cup, vase or urn shape
Euplectella (Deep sea Glass sponge)