phylum chordata notochord…flexible rod that gives support during development usually disappears...
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Phylum Chordata• Notochord…flexible rod that
gives support during development
• Usually disappears whenbackbone develops
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Lancet
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Subphylum Vertebrata
• Vertebrae (backbone ) made ofbone or cartilage
• Skull that protects the brain• Endoskelton made of bone or
cartilage
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Fish• Adapted to live in water
– Streamlined shape– Muscular tail– Paired fins (ventral, dorsal, pelvic, pectoral
and caudal)– Mucus secretions to decrease friction
• Chemoreception (“smell”)…sense chemicals in water
• Lateral line…small canals in skin tosense vibrations in water
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Jawless Fish• Class Agnatha• Includes hagfish and lampreys• Eel-like bodies, skeleton of
cartilage, unpaired fins• Parasites…feed off of other body
fluids…scrape through skin
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hagfish
lamprey
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Cartilagenous Fish• Class Condrichthyes• Sharks, rays, skates• Skeleton entirely of
cartilage…flexible, lightweight• Skin has placoid scales …tooth
like spines• Reproduce by internal
fertilization, lay eggs or live birth
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Sharks, rays, skates
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Sharks, rays, skates
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Placoid scales
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Bony Fish• Class Osteichthyes• Skelton made of bone• Swim bladder for buoyancy• Gills for gas exchange (a few have
lungs)• Smooth scales cover body• Lobe-finned fish…have flesh parts
to fins• Ray finned …no flesh in fins, most
fish you know
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Lobe finned fish• Coelocanth• Lungfish
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Ray finned fish
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Bony Fish• Circulation: 2 chambered heart,
closed system with arteries, veins and capillaries
• Kidneys and gills for excretion• Well-developed brain• External reproduction, lay eggs
in a mass
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Egg mass
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Amphibians• Class Amphibia• Live part of live on land and part
in water• Frogs, toads, salamanders• Indirect development
(metamorphosis)
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Amphibians• Respiration:
– through moist, thin skin, no scales, mucus layer to keep moist
– with gills– with lungs
• Circulation: 2 circulatory systems– Pulmonary… heart to lungs and back– Systemic… heart to body and back– 3 chambered heart … blood mixes
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Amphibians• Webbed feet, no claws• Lungs, gills and skin for
respiration!• Internal fertilization, egg mass
•Order Anura– “tail less”– frogs, toads
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Amphibians• Kidneys for excretion• Well developed brain & senses
of sight (nictitating membrane protects eyes underwater),
smell, hearing (tympanic membrane)
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Amphibians
•Order Caudata– Salamanders
• Order Gymniophona– Caecilian (look like legless snakes)
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Anura… “tailless”
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Caudata (salamanders)
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Gymnophiona (caecilian)
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Amphibianmetamorphosis
Spring peeper
Not all amphibians undergo metamorphosis, but the ones that do have similar steps