phylum arthropoda. general characteristics arthropod = _______________ largest group of animals –...
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Phylum Arthropoda
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General Characteristics
• Arthropod = _______________• Largest group of animals
–80% of described species–30-50 million species
• Most varied
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General Characteristics Con’t
• Metamerism (body divided into segments)–_____________________________
• Paired, jointed appendages• Ecdysis-molting (growth)• Open Circulatory System• Complete digestion tract
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Metamerism (Body Segments)
3 Segments2 Segments
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General Characteristics Con’t
• Ventral Nervous System• __________________• Metamorphosis• 5 Subphylum
–Trilobitomorpha, Myriapoda, Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda
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Exoskeleton
• Functions of exoskeleton–_______________–_______________–Minimize H2O loss
–Muscle attachment
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Exoskeleton Structure
• Composed of _________________• Epicuticle: outer layer
–Water proof• Procuticle: inner layer
–Made of chitin
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Ecdysis (molting)
• _____________________________–1. Enzymes digest old
exoskeleton–2. New exoskeleton secreted
New exoskeleton is soft–3. Scleratization (hardening)
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Ecdysis (molting)• Molting is important for arthropod
growth–Can’t grow in a suit of armor
• Is also a dangerous time for arthropods–Typically animals about to molt, will
go into hiding just before the process begins
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_________________________
• Changes in body form from larval to adult–Ex. Butterfly, Dragonfly
• Reduces competition for food and living space
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Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
• ___________________!• All extinct and marine• Body with 3 sections
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Subphylum Myriapoda
• Myriapoda- “many legs”• Millipedes, centipedes• Paired legs• _______________________
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Millipedes vs. Centipedes
• Millipedes:–Herbivorous–Appear to have 2 legs per
segment–_____________–Non-venomous
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Centipedes
–____________–Have only 1 pair of legs per
segment–Faster–Venomous
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Subphylum Chelicerata
• Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, horseshoe crabs,
• Have chelicera- fangs• ________________
–Cephalothorax–Abdommen
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_______________
• Appendages:–1st pair- chelicera: feeding
(often fang-like)–2nd pair- Pedipalps: feeding,
locomotion, reproduction
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General Characteristics
• Hexapoda = “____________”• Includes the class Insecta
–30 million species–27 Major orders
•We will only learn 8
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General Characteristics Con’t
• 3 pairs of legs–6 total
• 1 pair of antennae• Most have 2 pairs of wings• ______________________• 3 part body plan
–Head, Thorax, Abdomen
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Insect Flight
• Is a unique trait to the insects• Different insects have wing
modifications for specific functions
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Economic Importance Parasites
Ticks, fleas Are considered agricultural
pests.1949-European corn borer
caused $349 million in damage to the US corn crop
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Economic Importance Con’t
• Provide goods–Honey–Beeswax–Yummy (to certain cultures)–Silk–Dyes
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Economic Importance Con’t
• Also are vectors for many diseases–Bubonic plague (flea)–Malaria (mosquito)–_________________(mosquito)–African Sleeping Sickness
(Tsetse fly)
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Subphylum Crustacea
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General Characteristics Includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish,
shrimp, and barnacles
_____________________________
Biramous Appendage: branched Y-shaped appendages
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General Characteristics Con’t
___________________Marine and Freshwater
2 or 3 body segmentsHead, Thorax, and Abdomen
ORCephalothorax and Abdomen
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Reproduction• ______________• Few monoecious
(hermaphroditc)
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Females retain eggs until hatching
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Economic Importance
• Tasty—people like to consume them
• _____________
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Ecological Importance
• Scavengers-eat dead material
• _______________(shrimps, barnacles)