phylum annelida learning outcomes - weebly · 2018. 9. 27. · phylum annelida learning outcomes...
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Phylum Annelida
Learning Outcomes
Students should be able to:
• Describe the unifying characteristics of members of phylum annelidamembers of phylum annelida
• Describe how annelids carry out their life functions
• Describe the ecological roles of annelids
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Phylum Annelida
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Leeches
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General Information
• Annelids are ringed, segmented worms
• Examples include earthworms and leeches
• Habitat: terrestrial, fresh water, marine• Habitat: terrestrial, fresh water, marine
• Have bilateral symmetry with 3 body layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, & endoderm)
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3 Unique Features
• Have a true coelom (body cavity) lined by mesoderm
• Have externally visible body segmentation• Have externally visible body segmentation
• Have a closed circulatory system
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Coelom
• Located between the body wall and the intestine
• Lined by mesoderm
• Filled with fluid• Filled with fluid
• Acts as a buffer between body muscles and the intestine (allows worm to move without putting pressure on the intestine)
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Body Segmentation
• The body is divided into segments
• Each segment contains a portion of the coelomic cavity
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Class Polychaeta
• Polychaete worms
• Marine
• Flattened bodies
• Body segments with • Body segments with
paired paddle-like
appendages
(parapodia)
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Class Oligochaeta
• Earthworms
• Have a few hairs
• Small head for burrowing
• May have a saddle-like swelling (clitellum)• May have a saddle-like swelling (clitellum)
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Class Hirudinea
• Leeches
• Often aquatic
• Bodies with suckers
• Many are • Many are
ectoparasites feeding
on blood
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Earthworm Ingestion
• Earthworms have a complete digestive system (one way digestive tract)
• Food (organic material in the soil) enters through the mouththrough the mouth
• The pharynx draws food into the mouth (suck in and swallows food)
• Food moves through the esophagus to the crop where it is stored temporarily
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Earthworm Digestion
• Food moves from the crop to the gizzard
• Gizzard contains sand grains which help grind up food by muscular contractions
• Food moves into the intestine where • Food moves into the intestine where enzymes chemically digest (break down) food into particles small enough to be absorbed into blood
• Intestine has a typhlosole which increases the surface area for nutrient absorption
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Earthworm Elimination
• Undigested food waste moves to the end of the intestine and exits through the anus
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Earthworm Respiration
• Gas exchange (O2 & CO2) happens via diffusion through the moist skin
• Mucus glands secrete mucus to keep skin moistmoist
• O2 diffuses across the moist skin and into the capillaries and blood
• O2 is carried by hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood
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Earthworm Circulation
• Earthworms have a closed circulatory system (blood is always contained in vessels)
• Closed circulatory systems allow for more • Closed circulatory systems allow for more effective delivery of nutrients which allows for increased activity and size
• Earthworms have 5 pairs of hearts which pump blood through the vessels
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Earthworm Excretion
• Excretory organs called nephridia filter excess H2O and nitrogenous wastes from the coelomic cavity of one segment
• This waste passes through a long tube surrounded by blood vessels (much like surrounded by blood vessels (much like our kidneys) and eventually exits through an excretory pore in the next segment
• Excess water is reabsorbed into the blood vessels
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Earthworm Sexual Reproduction
• Earthworms are hermaphrodites (male & female on same individual)
• 2 earthworms cross-fertilize (exchange sperm)sperm)
• Earthworms have a swelling called a clitellum which secretes a mucus cocoon into which fertilized eggs are deposited
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Earthworm Asexual Reproduction
• Earthworms are able to regenerate missing body parts
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Earthworm Nervous System
• Earthworms have a paired ventral nerve cord which swells into ganglia (a mass of nerve cell bodies acting as a primitive brain) at the headbrain) at the head
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Earthworm Locomotion• Uses longitudinal and circular muscles
combined with the fluid pressure in the coelom and the setae (bristles) to help burrow and move
• Contraction of the circular muscles of • Contraction of the circular muscles of anterior (front) cause worm to lengthen
• Paired setae (bristles) anchor worm to soil
• Longitudinal muscles contract causing worm to shorten pulling it’s posterior (tail end forward)