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Page 1: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP2

Page 2: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to

retrieve information from forms, like user input.

<html>

<body>

<form action="welcome.php" method="post">

Name: <input type="text" name="name" />

Age: <input type="text" name="age" />

<input type="submit" />

</form>

</body>

</html>

Page 3: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<html>

<body>

Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.

</body>

</html>

Page 4: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Form Validation User input should be validated whenever possible.

Client side validation is faster, and will reduce server load.

However, any site that gets enough traffic to worry about server resources, may also need to worry about site security.

You should always use server side validation if the form accesses a database.

A good way to validate a form on the server is to post the form to itself, instead of jumping to a different page.

The user will then get the error messages on the same page as the form.

This makes it easier to discover the error.

Page 5: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The $_GET Variable

The $_GET variable is used to collect values from a form with method="get".

The $_GET variable is an array of variable names and values sent by the HTTP GET method.

Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (it will be displayed in the browser's address bar) and it has limits on the amount of information to send (max. 100 characters).

Page 6: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<form action="welcome.php" method="get">

Name: <input type="text" name="name" />

Age: <input type="text" name="age" />

<input type="submit" />

</form> When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the U

RL sent could look something like this:http://www.w3schools.com/welcome.php?name=Peter&age=3

7

Page 7: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_GET variable to catch the form data (notice that the names of the form fields will automatically be the ID keys in the $_GET array):

Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_GET["age"]; ?> years old!

Page 8: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Why use $_GET?

Note: When using the $_GET variable all variable names and values are displayed in the URL.

So this method should not be used when sending passwords or other sensitive information!

However, because the variables are displayed in the URL, it is possible to bookmark the page.

This can be useful in some cases. Note: The HTTP GET method is not suitable on larg

e variable values; the value cannot exceed 100 characters.

Page 9: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The $_REQUEST Variable

The PHP $_REQUEST variable contains the contents of both $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE.

The PHP $_REQUEST variable can be used to get the result from form data sent with both the GET and POST methods.

Example

Welcome <?php echo $_REQUEST["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_REQUEST["age"]; ?> years old!

Page 10: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The $_POST Variable

The $_POST variable is used to collect values from a form with method="post".

The $_POST variable is an array of variable names and values sent by the HTTP POST method.

Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others and has no limits on the amount of information to send.

Page 11: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<form action="welcome.php" method="post">

Enter your name: <input type="text" name="name" />

Enter your age: <input type="text" name="age" />

<input type="submit" />

</form>

When the user clicks the "Submit" button, the URL will not contain any form data, and will look something like this:

http://www.w3schools.com/welcome.php

Page 12: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The "welcome.php" file can now use the $_POST variable to catch the form data (notice that the names of the form fields will automatically be the ID keys in the $_POST array):

Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br />

You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old!

Page 13: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Why use $_POST?

Variables sent with HTTP POST are not shown in the URL

Variables have no length limit However, because the variables are not displ

ayed in the URL, it is not possible to bookmark the page.

Page 14: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The PHP Date() Function

The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to a more readable date and time.

Syntax

date(format,timestamp)

Page 15: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

- PHP Date What is a Timestamp? A timestamp is the number of seconds since

January 1, 1970 at 00:00:00 GMT. This is also known as the Unix Timestamp.

Page 16: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

- PHP Date Format the Date

The first parameter in the date() function specifies how to format the date/time.

It uses letters to represent date and time formats. Here are some of the letters that can be used: d - The day of the month (01-31) m - The current month, as a number (01-12) Y - The current year in four digits

Page 17: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Other characters, like"/", ".", or "-" can also be inserted between the letters to add additional formatting:

<?php echo date("Y/m/d"); echo "<br />"; echo date("Y.m.d"); echo "<br />"; echo date("Y-m-d"); ?> The output of the code above could be something lik

e this:2006/07/11 2006.07.11 2006-07-11

Page 18: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

- PHP Date Adding a Timestamp The second parameter in the date() function specifie

s a timestamp. This parameter is optional. If you do not supply a timestamp, the current time wi

ll be used. In our next next example we will use the mktime() fu

nction to create a timestamp for tomorrow. The mktime() function returns the Unix timestamp fo

r a specified date. Syntax

mktime(hour,minute,second,month,day,year,is_dst)

Page 19: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

To go one day in the future we simply add one to the day argument of mktime():

<?php $tomorrow = mktime(0,0,0,date("m"),date("d")+1,date("Y"));echo "Tomorrow is ".date("Y/m/d/", $tomorrow); ?>

The output of the code above could be something like this:Tomorrow is 2006/07/12

Page 20: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

More PHP Date/Time Functions

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ref_date.asp

Page 21: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP Include File

Server Side Includes (SSI) are used to create functions, headers, footers, or elements that will be reused on multiple pages.

Page 22: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Server Side Includes You can insert the content of a file into a PHP file be

fore the server executes it, with the include() or require() function.

The two functions are identical in every way, except how they handle errors.

The include() function generates a warning (but the script will continue execution) while the require() function generates a fatal error (and the script execution will stop after the error).

These two functions are used to create functions, headers, footers, or elements that can be reused on multiple pages.

Page 23: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

This can save the developer a considerable amount of time.

This means that you can create a standard header or menu file that you want all your web pages to include.

When the header needs to be updated, you can only update this one include file, or when you add a new page to your site, you can simply change the menu file (instead of updating the links on all web pages).

Page 24: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The include() Function The include() function takes all the text in a specified

file and copies it into the file that uses the include function.

Assume that you have a standard header file, called "header.php". To include the header file in a page, use the include() function, like this:

<html> <body><?php include("header.php"); ?><h1>Welcome to my home page</h1><p>Some text</p></body> </html>

Page 25: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Now, let's assume we have a standard menu file that should be used on all pages (include files usually have a ".php" extension). Look at the "menu.php" file below:

<html>

<body>

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/default.php">Home</a> |

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/about.php">About Us</a> |

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/contact.php">Contact Us</a>

Page 26: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The three files, "default.php", "about.php", and "contact.php" should all include the "menu.php" file. Here is the code in "default.php":

<?php include("menu.php"); ?>

<h1>Welcome to my home page</h1>

<p>Some text</p>

</body>

</html>

Page 27: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

If you look at the source code of the "default.php" in a browser, it will look something like this:

<html> <body> <a href="default.php">Home</a> | <a href="about.php">About Us</a> | <a href="contact.php">Contact Us</a> <h1>Welcome to my home page</h1> <p>Some text</p> </body> </html>

Page 28: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

The require() Function

The require() function is identical to include(), they only handle errors differently.

The include() function generates a warning (but the script will continue execution) while the require() function generates a fatal error (and the script execution will stop after the error).

Page 29: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<html>

<body>

<?php

include("wrongFile.php");

echo "Hello World!";

?>

</body>

</html>

Page 30: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

If you include a file with the include() function and an error occurs, you might get an error message like the one below.

Warning: include(wrongFile.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5

Warning: include() [function.include]: Failed opening 'wrongFile.php' for inclusion (include_path='.;C:\php5\pear') in C:\home\website\test.php o

n line 5

Hello World!

Page 31: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<html>

<body>

<?php

require("wrongFile.php");

echo "Hello World!";

?>

</body>

</html>

Page 32: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Warning: require(wrongFile.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5

Fatal error: require() [function.require]: Failed opening required 'wrongFile.php' (include_path='.;C:\php5\pear') in C:\home\website\test.php on line 5

It is recommended to use the require() function instead of include(), because scripts should not continue executing if files are missing or misnamed

Page 33: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP File HandlingOpening a File The fopen() function is used to open files in PHP. The first parameter of this function contains the nam

e of the file to be opened and the second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be opened:

<html> <body><?php $file=fopen("welcome.txt","r"); ?></body> </html>

Page 34: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Note: If the fopen() function is unable to open the specified file, it returns 0 (false).

Page 35: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<html>

<body>

<?php

$file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to

open file!");

?>

</body>

</html>

Page 36: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Closing a File

The fclose() function is used to close an open file:

<?php

$file = fopen("test.txt","r");

//some code to be executed

fclose($file);

?>

Page 37: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

- -Check End of file

The feof() function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been reached.

The feof() function is useful for looping through data of unknown length.

Note: You cannot read from files opened in w, a, and x mode!

if (feof($file)) echo "End of file";

Page 38: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Reading a File Line by Line The fgets() function is used to read a single line fro

m a file. Note: After a call to this function the file pointer has

moved to the next line. <?php $file = fopen("welcome.txt", "r") or exit("Unable to open

file!"); //Output a line of the file until the end is reached while(!feof($file)) { echo fgets($file). "<br />"; } fclose($file); ?>

Page 39: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

Reading a File Character by Character The fgetc() function is used to read a single character

from a file. Note: After a call to this function the file pointer move

s to the next character. <?php $file=fopen("welcome.txt","r") or exit("Unable to open file

!"); while (!feof($file)) { echo fgetc($file); } fclose($file); ?>

Page 40: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP fwrite() Function The fwrite() writes to an open file. The function will stop at the end of the file or

when it reaches the specified length, whichever comes first.

This function returns the number of bytes written, or FALSE on failure.

Syntax

fwrite(file,string,length)

Page 41: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

<?php

$file = fopen("test.txt","w");

echo fwrite($file,"Hello World. Testing!");

fclose($file);

?>

Page 42: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

More PHP Filesystem functions

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_ref_filesystem.asp

Page 43: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

PHP Cookies

What is a Cookie? A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server embed

s on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a pag

e with a browser, it will send the cookie too. With PHP, you can both create and retrieve c

ookie values.

Page 44: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

How to Create a Cookie?

The setcookie() function is used to set a cookie.

Note: The setcookie() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.

Syntax

setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain);

Page 45: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

In the example below, we will create a cookie named "user" and assign the value "Alex Porter" to it. We also specify that the cookie should expire after one hour:

<?php setcookie("user", "Alex Porter", time()+3600); ?><html> <body></body> </html> Note: The value of the cookie is automatically URLe

ncoded when sending the cookie, and automatically decoded when received (to prevent URLencoding, use setrawcookie() instead).

Page 46: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

How to Retrieve a Cookie Value? The PHP $_COOKIE variable is used to retrieve a c

ookie value. In the example below, we retrieve the value of the c

ookie named "user" and display it on a page:

<?php

// Print a cookie

echo $_COOKIE["user"];// A way to view all cookies

print_r($_COOKIE);

?>

Page 47: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

In the following example we use the isset() function to find out if a cookie has been set:

<html>

<body>

<?php

if (isset($_COOKIE["user"]))

echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["user"] . "!<br />";

else

echo "Welcome guest!<br />";

?>

</body>

</html>

Page 48: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

How to Delete a Cookie?

When deleting a cookie you should assure that the expiration date is in the past.

<?php

// set the expiration date to one hour ago

setcookie("user", "", time()-3600);

?>

Page 49: PHP2. PHP Form Handling The PHP $_GET and $_POST variables are used to retrieve information from forms, like user input. Name: Age:

What if a Browser Does NOT S upport Cookies?

If your application deals with browsers that do not support cookies, you will have to use other methods to pass information from one page to another in your application.

One method is to pass the data through forms (forms and user input are described earlier).


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