photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...photovoltaic solar parks promote land...

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Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing 1,2 , Rebecca R Hernandez 3,4 , George Alan Blackburn 2 , Gemma Davies 2 , Merryn Hunt 2 , James Duncan Whyatt 2 , & Alona Armstrong 2,5 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China 2 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YQ, United Kingdom 3 Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA 4 Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA 5 Energy Lancaster, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom [email protected], @Alona_Armstrong

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Page 1: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands

Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma Davies2, Merryn Hunt2, James Duncan Whyatt2, & Alona Armstrong2,5

1School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China2Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YQ, United Kingdom

3Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA4Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue,

Davis, CA 95616, USA5Energy Lancaster, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom

[email protected], @Alona_Armstrong

Page 2: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Putting environment into the energy transition

Climate change → Renewable energy → land use change

We mustdecarbonise

energy

Land use change is

greatest threat to nature

Page 3: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Land use change for renewables

Co-benefits or co-costs

for ecosystem services & natural capital

Potential to address climatological and ecological disasters through renewable energy

Page 4: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Land use change for renewables

Plethora of ecosystem properties and processes potentially impacted.

How do we best resolve likely impacts?

Understand how renewable energy infrastructure effects the local climate.

Page 5: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Study sites & methods

Stateline Solar Facility California, USA.

• 300 MW

• Mean annual solar radiation: 19,616 kJ m-2 day-1

Two ground-mounted large-scale fixed axis PV solar parks

Longyangxia Solar Park, Qinghai Province, China.

• 850 MW

• Mean annual solar radiation: 15,742 kJ m-2 day-1

USG

S/N

ASA

Lan

dsa

t /

Pu

blic

do

mai

n

Page 6: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Methods

Landsat:

• One image per month before and after construction (n=24). Processed using google earth engine.

Field data (Stateline only):

• Evening transects using a infrared thermometer gun every 10 m.

Page 7: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Longyangxia - Landsat

-2

-1.5

-1

-.5

0

.5

Te

mp

era

ture

de

via

tio

n fro

m c

on

tro

l a

rea

me

an

, C

0 500 1000 1500 2000Distance, m

Before After

Longyangxia

Average across annual image set.

Significantly different up to 730 m away.

Cooler closer to the solar park after construction.

Page 8: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Stateline - Landsat

-.5

0

.5

1

1.5

Te

mp

era

ture

de

via

tio

n fro

m c

on

tro

l a

rea

me

an

, C

0 500 1000 1500 2000Distance, m

Before After

Stateline FenceAverage across annual image set.

Significantly different up to 730 m away.

Underlying cooling trend before construction

Cooling evident after construction.

Page 9: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Stateline - field

0

1

2

3

4

LS

T d

evia

tio

n, °C

0 200 400 600 800Distance from solar park fence line, m

North South West

Averaged over 100 m to match LandsatNorth, south and west transectsCooling closer to solar park to north and westNo cooling to south but was cloudy

Page 10: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Mechanism

Same as for lakes or green parks in

cities

Page 11: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

• A measurable LST cool island effect:– Extended up to 730 m away from the solar park boundary

– Cooling of up to several degrees Celsius

– Evident in Landsat data and field data

• Microclimate impacts extend well beyond the site boundary

• Potential implications for ecosystem processes in surroundinglandscape

Conclusions

Page 12: Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool …...Photovoltaic solar parks promote land surface cool islands Li Guoqing1,2, Rebecca R Hernandez3,4, George Alan Blackburn2, Gemma

Thank you

Contact: [email protected] or @Alona_ArmstrongFind out more here: www.energyenvironment.co.uk

Acknowledgements:LG received financial support from the National Natural Science Fund of China (grant number: 41601598), the Talent Project of Ludong University (grant number: LY2014020), the Higher Education Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province (grant number: J16LH51). AA was supported by an NERC Industrial Innovation Fellowship (grant number: NE/R013489/1). We thank Sarahi Lynneth Vargas Garcia for her assistance in typing up the field data.