photovoltaic power
DESCRIPTION
Photovoltaic Power. John Bothof. John Bothof. Photovoltaic Experience. Ameren Solar Technology Center Military NJ ANG Hickam Luke AFB Doha Qatar: Ex Hall Student Housing El Dorado 10MW Copper Mountain 50MW. Solar Industry. Industry Growth. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Photovoltaic Power
John Bothof
![Page 2: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
John Bothof
Photovoltaic Experience•Ameren Solar Technology Center•Military
NJ ANGHickamLuke AFB
•Doha Qatar:Ex HallStudent Housing
•El Dorado 10MW•Copper Mountain 50MW
![Page 3: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solar Industry
Industry Growth•Grid-connected PV Installations grew 66%. (Q1 2011 vs Q1 2010)•US Grid Connected PV now over 2.3GW.•US Module Production increased 17% from last quarter.•Anticipate Doubling of installations from 2010.•2010 had 60% growth.
![Page 5: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cost Reductions
![Page 6: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Increased Energy Demand
United States Net Generation 2009 (Thousand megawatt hours)
3,950331Sales to Ultimate Customers 2009 (thousand megawatt hours)
3,723803
Increase Demand
![Page 7: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Solar Energy•The energy we get from our sun is the result of nuclear fusion reactions.
•Our sun is made up of hydrogen which is gradually being converted into helium.
•The “waste” from this reaction (derived from e=mc2) is heat and light energy.
![Page 8: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Power Content of the Solar Spectrum
![Page 9: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Harvesting and Using Solar Energy
TechnologiesDifferent Technologies are used to take advantage of the energy in throughout the solar spectrum.
Photovoltaic Technologies– The direct conversion of sunlight into energy– Converts the energy in the visible spectrum into
electricity.
Solar Thermal Technologies– Use the energy in the “heat” part of the solar
spectrum.
![Page 10: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Solar Thermal
![Page 11: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Flat Plate Collectors
![Page 12: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Physics
![Page 13: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Cell • The electronic charges within the doped material create an electric field
across the depletion layer.• When sunlight strikes the cell it can knock an electron out of its atomic orbit• The electric field sweeps the electron towards the top electrodes • The gap or “hole” left by the electron is swept towards the back plate• The flow of charges makes an electric current which powers an attached
electric circuit
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
![Page 14: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Cell Technology
•Crystalline• Mono
• Most efficient• Most Expensive
• Poly• Middle Man
![Page 15: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Cell Technology
•Thin film• a-Si • CdTe• CIS• CIGS• GaAs
![Page 16: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Concentrated Solar
![Page 17: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Ameren Solar Technology Center•Compare Technology Output
• Same conditions• Missouri Weather• Customer Service
![Page 19: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Photovoltaic
Ameren Solar Technology Center
![Page 20: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Photovoltaics
Tracking•Single Axis
• 25% more kWh•Tilted Single Axis
• 27-32% more kWh•Bi-Axis
• 35 to 40% more kWh
![Page 21: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Array
Modules•Series & Parallel Cells•Modules Placed in series are called strings•What is a Panel????
![Page 22: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Array
Combiner•Combine Strings in Parallel•NEC required fuse
![Page 23: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Array
InverterConverts DC into AC
![Page 24: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Array
ARRAY
MODULE
STRING
CELL
Inverter
Combiner
![Page 25: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Array
Advances•Manufacturing Standards•Implementation Standards•MPPT Tracking•Balance of Systems•Inverter Improvements
![Page 26: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Energy
Solar Power as a Generating SourceReasonsIncreasing Energy DemandEnergy IndependenceDistributed Generation
ChallengesGrid PenetrationCostPermitting Transmission
![Page 27: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Energy
Improvements
IEEE 1547– Allow low voltage ride through– Inverters can be Stabilizing– Transmission – Smart Grid– Energy Storage “Arguing with an Engineer is
like wrestling with a pig in the mud, it doesn’t take long to figure out the pig likes it.”
![Page 29: Photovoltaic Power](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062411/56814336550346895dafaa9b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Questions