photosynthesis - warren county public schools › userfiles › 2623 › classes... · light...
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Photosynthesis
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Photosynthesis • Involves the Use Of Light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and Carbohydrates (sugars & starches)
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• Goal of photosynthesis is creating glucose
• Glucose is a monosaccharide
• One Molecule of Glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATP
• Remember, C6H12O6 is not usable energy. It must be broken down during cellular respiration to be turned into ATP!
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The Photosynthesis Equation
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Pigments • In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires pigments (molecules that absorb light).
• Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs.
• Chlorophyll is found inside the chloroplasts in the thylakoid membrane
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Electromagnetic Spectrum • Visible Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths
• Different Wavelengths Are Seen As Different Colors
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Inside A Chloroplast
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Why do plants appear green?
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Structure of the Chloroplast • Inner membrane—stacks of connected sacs called thylakoids
• Thylakoid stack is called the granum (grana-plural)
• Gel-like material around grana called stroma
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The Biochemical Reactions
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It Begins with Sunlight!
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Inside A Chloroplast
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Light Dependent Reactions
• Occurs across the thylakoid membranes
• Uses light energy • Produce Oxygen from water • Convert ADP to ATP • Also convert NADP+ into the energy carrier NADPH
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LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION
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Light Reaction Summary Reactants: (what goes in) • H2O • Light Energy Products: (what comes out) • ATP • NADPH • Oxygen
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Light Dependent Reaction
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Calvin Cycle/ Light Independent Reactions
• Light Independent reactions (AKA Calvin Cycle) occur in the stroma
• ATP used to make carbohydrates (sugars) like glucose (stored energy) and cellulose (strengthen the plant)
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CO2 Enters the Cycle
ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions
5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated
Sugar produced
Calvin Cycle/Light Independent Reactions
See Calvin cycle animation
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Light Independent Overview • Calvin Cycle occurs in the Stroma – ATP and NADPH are used to convert 6 CO2 to glucose
– ADP and NADP+ are recycled back into the light dependent reaction
– Reactants: • CO2, ATP and NADPH
– Products: • glucose, ADP and NADP+ 20
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Photosynthesis Overview
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Photosynthesis in a Nutshell: • Light Dependent Reaction
– H2O and light go in – ATP and NADPH come out and go to the Calvin Cycle (L.I.R)
– Oxygen come out as waste • Light Independent Reaction
– CO2 goes in – ATP and NADPH used for energy – Glucose (C6H12O6) comes out
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Factors that Affect Photosynthesis ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis
AMOUNT OF WATER
Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss.
slow or stop
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Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C
At temperatures above or below
this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop
Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally
TEMPERATURE
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Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________.
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________
pH temperature
DENATURE
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Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work
HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function.
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Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis
LIGHT INTENSITY
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THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides the _____________ we breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive
_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________
Carbon dioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen
OXYGEN sugars
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Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place in takes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Section 8-3
Concept Map
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Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place in takes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light- dependent reactions
Calvin cycle
Thylakoid membranes Stroma NADPH ATP Energy from
sunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energy sugars
Section 8-3
Concept Map