Photosynthesis Quiz

1. The protons/hydrogen ions go from ________ to ________ when the electron goes through the electron transport chain.

2. Name the protein in the thylakoid membrane that makes ATP when protons go through it.

3. Why do protons go through the above protein during the light reactions?

4. Where do ATP and NADPH go after the light reactions?

5. What molecules enter the Calvin cycle?

Photosynthesis Quiz

6. What molecules are produced in the Calvin cycle?

7. What do CAM plants do to conserve water, but still be able to go through photosynthesis?

8. On the board

9. On the board

10. On the board

Cellular Respiration

Chapter 8

Fig. 8-2b, p. 124

Glycolysis converts 1 glucose into 2 pyruvate

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

2 ATP/ glucose 36 ATP/ glucose

Aerobic Respiration

3 Stages1. Glycolysis

2. Acetyl-CoA formation and Krebs cycle

3. Electron transfer phosphorylation/chain (ATP formation)

glucose

ATP2 ATP ATP Glycolysis 4 ATP

(2 net)

2 NADH 2 pyruvate

Cytoplasm

ATP

Electron Transfer Phosphorylation

32 ATPoxygen

Fig. 8-3a, p. 125

Mitochondrion

Krebs Cycle

6 CO2

2 ATP ATP

8 NADH, 2 FADH2

Stepped Art

Aerobic Respiration

Glycolysis Summary

Acetyl–CoA Formation

A An enzyme splits a pyruvate molecule into a two-carbon acetyl group and CO2. Coenzyme A binds the acetyl group (forming acetyl–CoA). NAD+ combines with released hydrogen ions and electrons, forming NADH. NADH

pyruvate

CO2

NAD+coenzyme A

acetyl–CoA

Fig. 8-6, p. 129

B The Krebs cycle starts as one carbon atom is transferred from acetyl–CoA to oxaloacetate. Citrate forms, and coenzyme A is regenerated.

oxaloacetate

coenzyme A

citrate

KrebsCycle

FADH2

F The coenzyme FAD com-bines with hydrogen ions and electrons, forming FADH2.

FAD

NADH

G NAD+ combines with hydrogen ions and electrons, forming NADH.

NAD+

C A carbon atom is removed from an intermediate and leaves the cell as CO2. NAD+ combines with released hydrogen ions and electrons, forming NADH.

NADH

CO2

NAD+

Pyruvate’s three carbon atoms have now exited the cell, in CO2.

D A carbon atom is removed from another intermediate and leaves the cell as CO2, and another NADH forms.

NADH

CO2NAD+

ATPE One ATP forms by substrate-level phosphorylation.

ADP + Pi

H The final steps of the Krebs cycle regenerate oxaloacetate.

Stepped Art

Electron Transfer Phosphorylation

Summary: Aerobic Respiration

Alcoholic Fermentation

The Twitchers

Slow-twitch muscle fibers (“red” muscles) make ATP by aerobic respiration• Have many mitochondria• Dominate in prolonged activity

Fast-twitch muscle fibers (“white” muscles) make ATP by lactate fermentation• Have few mitochondria and no myoglobin• Sustain short bursts of activity

Sprinters and Lactate Fermentation

The Fate of Glucose at Mealtimeand Between Meals

When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas increases insulin secretion• Cells take up glucose faster, more ATP is formed,

glycogen and fatty-acid production increases

When blood glucose concentration falls, the pancreas increases glucagon secretion• Stored glycogen is converted to glucose

Links Between Photosynthesisand Aerobic Respiration