Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

• The cells in leaves contain chlorophyll • Traps energy from the sun to produce energy-

rich sugar molecules--carbohydrates

6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Energy & Nutrient Transfer

Producer

• Organism that makes its own food

• Also called autorophs

Consumer

• Organism that get their energy by eating other organisms.

• Also called heterotrophs

Decomposers

• Organisms that feeds by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms

• Examples: bacteria and fungi

Exception to the Rule

• Deep-Ocean Ecosystems

--Tube worms depend on bacteria that live inside them to survive. The bacteria uses energy from Hydrogen Sulfide to make their own food

chemosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

Life Depends on the Sun

• Organisms use energy to move, grow and reproduce

Grizzly BearsOmnivore—eats both meat & plants

Can eat up to 1.5% of their body weight in one day when eating salmon and 33% of body weight when eating fruits & vegetation.

• How many pounds of salmon can a 200lb grizzly bear eat in one day?

15% of 200 = 30lbs• How many pounds of fruits and

vegetation can the same bear eat in one day?

33% of 200 = 66 lbs

Cellular Respiration

Breaking down of food

to yield energy using

the O2 you breath in

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =

6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Excess Energy

• Stored as Fat or Sugar

Energy Transfer

• Food Chains, Food Webs, Trophic Levels

Food Chain

• Sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism

Food Web

• Feeding Relationships that are possible in an ecosystem

Who Eats Who-Energy Transfer

Food Chain – Food Web

Trophic Level

• Each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain or web in an ecosystem

Food Pyramid

Energy Loss Affects

• 1. decrease amount of energy impacts each trophic level

• 2. Loss limits the number of trophic levels; rarely have 4 or 5 levels since so much energy is needed to support

Trophic Cascade

• Indirect interaction between predators and the resources consumed by the predator’s prey

Cycling of Materials

• Materials in an ecosystem are constantly reused in an endless cycle

Nitrogen & Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Movement of Nitrogen between atmosphere, bacteria and other organisms

Phosphorus Cycle

Movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms and back

Aquatic Ecosystem

How Ecosystems Change

• Primary Succession occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before

• Secondary Succession occurs where an ecosystem previously existed—pioneer species, climax community

Primary Succession

Ecological Succession

Old Field Succession