photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How energy is made within…. Photo = light Synthesis = to make. Photosynthesis. Converting light energy into glucose. Which of these is the correct photosynthesis formula?. 6CO ₂ +6H₂O = O₂ + C₁H₂₆O₆ C₆H₁₂O₆ + Light Energy + 6CO ₂ 6H₂O - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PHOTOSYNTHESIS and PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION
How energy is made within…..
Converting light energy Converting light energy into glucoseinto glucose
Photo = lightSynthesis = to make
Which of these is the correct Which of these is the correct photosynthesis formula?photosynthesis formula?A. 6CO₂ +6H₂O = O₂ + C₁H₂₆O₆B. C₆H₁₂O₆ + Light Energy + 6CO₂
6H₂O C. 6CO₂ +6H₂O + Light Energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂D. 6O₂ +6H₂O + Light Energy C₆H₁₂O₆
+ 6CO₂
PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATIONPHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION
I. Biochemical PathwaysI. Biochemical PathwaysA series of reactions where one must depend on another
Ex: your kidneys must wait on you to drink fluids
II. Light AbsorptionII. Light AbsorptionA. Photosynthesis (light reactions) occur in
chloroplastB. Light waves travel as waves
1. It appears white but is really2. ROYGBIV
If you are wearing a white If you are wearing a white shirt. What is happening shirt. What is happening with the visible light with the visible light spectrum?spectrum?A. You are absorbing all of the
colorsB. You are reflecting all of the
colorsC. Nothing, white is a color on
the visible light spectrumD. None of these is true
Which of the following is Which of the following is true?true?A. A thylokoid within the chloroplast
represent a stack of grana.B. Granum within the chloroplast
represent stacks of thylakoids.C. Chloroplast are green in colored
because they have green pigment inside of them called chlorophyll.
D. All of these are trueE. B and C are true
3. Pigments◦A. These subtract from spectrum allowing you to see specific colors1. chlorophyll a = yellow/green reflected
2. chlorophyll b = blue/green reflected
III. Photosynthesis III. Photosynthesis Reactions for most plantsReactions for most plants
A. Light Dependent Reaction
B. Calvin Cycle (C₃) (light independent Reaction)
In Thylakoid Membrane
Needs SunByproducts:
◦ ATP
◦ O₂ ◦ NADPH₂ to send to Calvin
Cycle
Occurs in StromaNeeds SunCarbon Fixation occurs
(putting carbon into molecules)
Byproducts: ◦ H₂O◦ C₆H₁₂O₆ ◦ RuBP to restart cycle
Which of the following is true Which of the following is true of biochemical pathways?of biochemical pathways?A. C-4 and C-3 pathways are biochemical
pathways that are waiting on the Calvin Cycle.
B. The Calvin cycle needs the light dependent reaction to occur so that it may occur, they are both dependent on each other.
C. The Calvin cycle is not part of photosynthesis and therefore not a part of a biochemical pathway.
D. None of these are true.
Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle
Must make 3 rounds to produce1 molecule Must make 3 rounds to produce1 molecule of Glucose with 6 carbon atomsof Glucose with 6 carbon atoms
Carbon FixationCarbon Fixation
When carbon atoms are bonded or “fixed” into an organic compound
Ex. CO₂ C₆H₁₂O₆
The Calvin Cycle is also known as C₃ pathway
CO₂ fixed into 3-C compound
How many rounds must the How many rounds must the Calvin cycle make to be able Calvin cycle make to be able to produce just one to produce just one macromolecule of glucose?macromolecule of glucose?A. 1B. 3 because it gets 2 carbons
each timeC. 6 because glucose has 6
carbonsD. I really have no idea
IV. Alternate PathsIV. Alternate Paths
CC₄ Pathway₄ Pathway CAMCAM
CO₂ fixed into 4-C compound
Hot and Humid Climates
Lose ½ amt of water Ex. Sugarcane, Corn,
Crabgrass
Take in CO₂ at night and fix
Hot and Dry Climates like Desert
Ex. Pineapple, Cacti
Do all plants fix carbon in Do all plants fix carbon in the same manner?the same manner?
A. YesB. No
What are the alternative ways?
V. Rate of PhotosynthesisV. Rate of PhotosynthesisRate is affected by:1.
2. Temp
3. Carbon Dioxide
Which alternative Which alternative pathway would many of pathway would many of our plants in our hot and our plants in our hot and humid region use?humid region use?A. CAMB. C 4 pathwayC. C 3 pathwayD. Calvin Cycle
If the amount of light If the amount of light intensity increases, the rate intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will of photosynthesis will increase.increase.A. TrueB. False
How animals make energy or ATP…..
Cellular Respiration and Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis RelationshipPhotosynthesis Relationship
They are opposites in the energy world even
CR occurs in animals in the mitochondria
PS occurs in plants in the chloroplast
CELLULAR RESPIRATIONCELLULAR RESPIRATION EQUATION EQUATION
How are cellular respiration How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis similar?and photosynthesis similar?A. The both must take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygen to produce energy.
B. They are both trying to produce energy within a cell while reciprocating their equations.
C. One process provides energy while the other uses energy.
D. They have no relationship at all.
Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationThere are 3 main cycles where
ATP is produced:
Cellular respiration occurs in Cellular respiration occurs in which part of the cell?which part of the cell?
A. The cytoplasmB. The thylakioidC. The mitochondriaD. Outside of the cell
Anaerobic vs. AerobicAnaerobic vs. Aerobic
Anaerobic – do not require Oxygen◦Glycolysis◦Fermentation (ATP not made)
Aerobic – requires Oxygen to make ATP◦Kreb’s Cycle◦ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
GlycolysisGlycolysis
Net Gain:
2 ATP’s2 NADH’s2 Pyruvate’s/pyruvic acid
Is glycolysis a very efficient Is glycolysis a very efficient ATP producer?ATP producer?
A. YesB. No
Which of the following is true Which of the following is true of aerobic and anaerobic of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?respiration?A. Anaerobic means that
oxygen must be present for a cycle to occur.
B. Anaerobics is an exercise program for adults.
C. Glycolysis is anaerobic because it does not require oxygen to make ATP
D. None of these
BY-PASSBY-PASSAfter Glycolysis, NADH cannot enter Mitochondria
so they pass extra H back to Pyruvate, now NAD enters
Alcoholic Lactic AcidUsed for:
◦Yeast in bread◦Wine◦Sauerkraut
Products:◦CO₂◦NAD◦Alcohol
Used by:◦Muscles when
over exercised
Products◦NAD◦Lactic Acid
What is true of What is true of fermentation?fermentation?A. It does not play a role in
making ATP.B. It is a stage where some cells
go to but is not a main portion of cellular respiration.
C. It is a bypass stage, but is still important to us in different ways.
D. All of these
FermentationFermentationBakers use the
yeast made in alcoholic fermentation to make bread
Lactic acid made in the muscles start breaking down the muscles
Before Kreb’s Cycle but after Before Kreb’s Cycle but after Glycolysis Glycolysis
Before it can begin it must convert pyruvate into a more usable form.
This Nets 2 NADH’s
2 Pyruvic Acids 2 Acetyl CoA’s
Which of the following is not Which of the following is not true?true?A. Alcoholic fermentation can
be used to make wine.B. Yeast is used to make bread
rise.C. Lactic acid builds muscles
not oxygen.D. Lactic acid is produced in
muscles when over worked.
Kreb’s CycleKreb’s CycleOccurs in
mitochondriaStarts with 1
Acetyl CoA
Why must glycolysis occur Why must glycolysis occur before Krebs cycle?before Krebs cycle?A. Because these cycles are
contingent on one another, meaning that one must occur producing something that the next needs.
B. These are biochemical cycles.C. Glycolysis produces pyruvates,
which inadvertently are used to start Krebs cycle.
D. All of these
How many Acetyl CoA’s was actually made
So how many rounds does the Kreb’s cycle make?
Kreb’s Cycle Kreb’s Cycle
Is the Krebs cycle a very Is the Krebs cycle a very efficient ATP producer?efficient ATP producer?
A. YesB. No
Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain (ETC)(ETC)AKA Oxidative PoshorylationLooks like Fluid Mosaic Model
How many ATP did glycolysis How many ATP did glycolysis Net?Net?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
How many ATP did the How many ATP did the Kreb’s cycle net?Kreb’s cycle net?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
ETC SummaryETC Summary
ETCETC
Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle
Totals
2 NADH 8 NADH 2 NADH X 2 = 4 ATP8 NADH X 3 = 24 ATP
0 FADH2 2 FADH2 2 FADH2 X 2 = 4 ATP
2 ATP 2 ATP 2 ATP + 2 ATP = 4 ATP = 36 ATP
Energy Yield for 1 average Energy Yield for 1 average cell in your bodycell in your body
How many ATP did the ETC How many ATP did the ETC make on its own, not make on its own, not including the ones from including the ones from other cycles?other cycles?
A. 0B. 20C. 32D. 36