PhotosynthesisA process used by plants to convert the light energy captured from the sun into

chemical energy that can be used to fuel an organism's activities

Reading: pgs 200 - 214

Autotroph: organisms that can produce their own food

Heterotroph: organisms that get nutrition from consuming other organisms

A PhotoautotrophCyanobacteria living in an aqueous environment

Chemoautotrophic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent

How we know what we know today

Van Helmont’s experiment • Plants didn’t get their mass through consuming

soil

Priestley’s experiment • Plants produce oxygen

Jan Ingenhousz • Plants only produce oxygen in the sunlight

(plants need sunlight)

Joseph Priestly• Plants produced something required for

burning and for life

Jan Ingenhousz• Aquatic plants

produce bubbles only when exposed to light

The Photoautotrophs we all know and love

Anatomy of a leafCuticle – waxy protective coatingEpidermis – top layer of protective cellsMesophyll – center cells full of chloroplastsStoma – openings in lower epidermis, protected by guard cellsVascular bundle – transports water and nutrients throughout plant

Double MembraneStroma – the Fluid that fills the chloroplastThylakoids – stacked up folded membranes made of lipids in a bilayerPhotosystems – protein complexes buried in the membranes where photosynthesis happens• There are many of these in

one thylakoid

Photosynthesis• Two separate systems working together to create a simple sugarFirst system Light Dependent Reactions• Use light to charge up energy carrying moleculesSecond System Calvin Cycle• Use energy from energy carrying molecules to convert CO2 into

Sugar

Chlorophyll• Molecule that can absorb the energy from wavelengths

of light

Light reactionsThe electron transport chain• Goals to energize ATP and NADPH using sunlight• Chain of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane

By filling up thylakoid space with H+ we generate a concentration gradient. Releasing H+ to travel down gradient this releases enough energy to recharge ADP into ATP

Calvin CycleGoals to use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light Reactions to power the conversion of CO2 into a simple sugar

Chromatography

Separate

• Analyze

• Identify

• Purify

• QuantifyComponentsMixture

Uses of Chromatography• Chromatography is used by scientists to:

• Analyze – examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another

• Identify – determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components

• Purify – separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study

• Quantify – determine the amount of the a mixture and/or the components present in the sample

Mixture Components

Separation