Photography The art or process of producing images by the action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive surface (film). Mirriam-Webster Online Dictionary 1.Chinese Philosopher Mo Ti 5 th B.C.E. Noticed that light passing through a pinhole opening into a darkened chamber forms an exact view of the world outside, but upside down 2.Alhazen Arab mathematician and physicist, 11 th A.D. Concluded that light travels in straight lines (similar to the human eye) 3.Camera Obscura - Renaissance The Birth of Photography Used during the Renaissance period. Camera Obscura Dark Chamber Pinhole Camera 1.Camera Obscura - Renaissance On optical device that projects an image onto flat surface 2.Lens approx Help to focus an image projected 3.Daguerreotype Preserves an image 4.Improved Lenses Reduce exposure time to a fraction of a second Other Photographic Inventions Image is preserved on a light-sensitive surface a copper plate coated with silver iodide Daguerreotype 1837 Le Boulevard du Temple, Louise Jacques Mande Daguerre, Daguerreotype, 1839 Photographer Unknown. Daguerreotype of a Couple Holding a Daguerreotype, st Commercially viable method for making permanent images from reflected light Daguerreotype 1837 A camera is a light-tide box with an opening at one end to admit light, a lens to focus and refract the light, and a light-sensitive surface such as film to receive the image and hold it. First Portable Cameras French Daguerreotype Camera, 1850 (left) / 5x7 Eastman View Camera, 1885 (right) 1888 Invention of Kodak by George Eastman Can be taken anywhere you go!!! Photography becomes a hobby. First Lightweight, Handheld Camera Kodak Camera & Film, 1888 Lincoln Cooper Union Portrait, Mathew Brady, 1860 Mathew Brady - Portrait Photography Charles Darwin (left); The Rosebud Garden of Girls (right), Julia Margaret Cameron, 1868Julia Margaret Cameron Julia Margaret Camerons Portraits Ancient Ruins in the Canon De Chelle, Timothy OSullivan, 1873 (left) Colorado River From Camp 8, Timothy OSullivan, 1871 (right) Landscape Photography The Role of Photography: 1.Record events as history is unfolding 2.Document and preserve a visual record of what existed for a time Invention of photomechanical reproduction high-speed printing of photos and type (1900) gives rise to Photojournalism. Documentary Photography is Born! Migrant Mother, Dorothea Lange, (hired by Farm Security Administration), 1936 (left) Migrant Mother Series, Dorothea Lange, 1936 (right) Photography During the Great Depression One aspect of photography that some felt stood in the way of making art was its detailed objectivity, which seemed more suited for science. Artists tried to make their work look like painting: Created images that looked painterly (blurry, atmospheric, etc.) Staged things, people to be photographed to resemble a painting Created images by placing objects directly on photographic plates, etc. Photography and Art Fading Away, Henry Peach Robinson, 1858, Composite print Photography and Art Composite Photograph, John P. Morrissey, 1896 Tableaux Vivants contained high art themes and were designed to resemble classical paintings. Photomontage Technique The technique of making a picture by assembling pieces of photographs, often in combination with other types of graphic material. 1. Composite pictures made by darkroom masking (multiple exposures made onto the same plate, unexposed areas masked by pieces of black velvet ) 2. Images were created using cut and paste technique, than re-photographed 3. Double Exposure 4. Direct contact printing of objects placed on photographic plates How Were Photomontages Made? Man With the Rubber Head, Film Still, 1902 German Postcard, Anon, 1902 Examples of Photomontage Direct contact printing of objects placed on photographic plates, Man Ray, 1922 Rayograph images For photography to be an art, it must be true to its own nature; it should not try to be painting. Alfred Stieglitz Pure Photography -Emphasis on formal values: composition, line, value -Images framed with the viewfinder; not cropped, not manipulated -Composition, tonal values, etc. are visualized in advance Bridalveil Fall, Ansel Adams, 1960, photographic print (left)Ansel Adams Untitled, Alfred Stieglitz, 1924, photographic print (right) Photography and Art Photography Itself Becomes the Subject Matter As everyday life gets flooded with photographic images which start to compete with direct experience, artists start to examine the role of Photography in society (the particular vision of the world it promotes, and the assumptions we make about it). What is Photography? Is it a tool for making images or a tool for recording the world? Cut With the Kitchen Knife Dada through Germanys Last Weinmar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch, Hannah Hoch, 1919, collage Found Images and Collage Untitled #123, Cindy Sherman, 1983 Contemporary Photography Untitled #209, Cindy Sherman, 1989 Untitled Film Still #14, Cindy Sherman, 1978 Contemporary Photography I wanted to make something that anyone off the street could appreciate... I wanted to imitate something out of the culture, and also make fun of the culture as I was doing it. Cindy Sherman Binh DahnContemporary Photography Chtulhu People, Image #d6, Gulnur Guvenc, Adobe Photoshop Photography & Computer 1980s to Present Peter Kennard London, 1980s There is a problem with montage in that you see it everywhere now because of digital technology. There is so much transformed imagery around that people accept constructed images without questioning their meaning. I think my work is losing impact because of that. Peter Kennard Peter Kennard, Protect and Survive, 1981 Peter Kennard, Untitled,1982 Exercises What is Camera Obscura and how does it work? What kind of painting technique is this? 2 Categories Which Can Be Applied to Drawing Materials Are: Film The Invention of Film 1878 Eadweard Muybridge motion studies (series of still images documenting animals and people in motion) Horse Galloping, Eadweard Muybridge, 1878, Collotype The Invention of Film 1. Film depends on persistence of vision phenomenon 2. Celluloid film is invented by George Eastman which allows to string single images together Thomas Edison creates 1 st motion picture Brothers Lumiere invent a movie projector The Invention of Film 1 st Public Exhibition of a Movie Picture Fantasy and Film Georges Melies, A Trip to the Moon st stop action Sci Fi Movie ever made!!! Incorporates theatrical sets, props, real actors. A Trip to the Moon, Georges Melies, 1902 Movie Studios 1. Studios began to take shape 1910s 2. Movies can be produced on a larger scale 3. All aspects of the movie industry are under one roof: directing, producing, writing scripts, filming 4. A concept of a Movie Star is created 5. The job of a Producer becomes increasingly important One of the 1 st Commercial Films Gone With the Wind, David O. Selznick, 1939, MGM Studios, Hollywood, CA Filmmaking Vocabulary 1. Shot - an unbroken sequence of movie frames 2. Pan Shot camera moving from side to side 3. Traveling Shot camera moving back to front 4. Cross-Cutting two or more shots are alternated to foster the advancement of the story JR French graffiti artist, photographer