Photographic history presentation

Camera obscura A camera obscura is an optical device that led to photography and the camera. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside, where it is reproduced, rotated 180 degrees upside down), but with color and perspective preserved. The image can be projected onto paper, and can then be traced to produce a highly accurate representation. The largest camera obscura in the world is on Constitution Hill in Aberystwyth, Wales.

Cyanotype’s and research into photographer Anna Atkins

Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. Engineers used the process well into the 20th century as a simple and low-cost process to produce copies of drawings, referred to as blueprints. The process uses two chemicals: ammonium iron(III) citrate and potassium ferricyanide.

Anna Atkins was an English botanist and photographer. She is often considered the first person to publish a book illustrated with photographic images. Some sources claim that she was the first woman to create a photograph.

Sir John Herschel, a friend of Atkins and Children, invented the cyanotype photographic process in 1842. Within a year, Atkins applied the process to algae (specifically, seaweed) by making cyanotype photograms that were contact printed "by placing the unmounted dried-algae original directly on the cyanotype paper.”

First photograph, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826

The First Photograph, or more specifically, the earliest known surviving photograph made in a camera, was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 or 1827. The image depicts the view from an upstairs window at Niépce's estate, Le Gras, in the Burgundy region of France.

Introduction of large format camerasLarge format cameras use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger with the most common film sizes being 4x5" and 8x10". Why such a large film size? Because in photography, the bigger the film size, the better the quality. A larger negative produces better quality prints because it requires less magnification than a smaller negative would. For example, to create a 8x10" print from a 35mm negative, you must enlarge the print 8 times. If you had a 4x5" negative, you'd only have to enlarge it 2 times. And if you used an 8x10" negative, you wouldn't have to enlarge it at all! In addition, a larger negative offers a much greater range of tonal values and less apparent graininess due to the greater number of silver halide crystals on the image.

Man Ray’s photogramsMan Ray made his "rayographs" without a camera by placing objects-such as the thumbtacks, coil of wire, and other circular forms used here-directly on a sheet of photosensitized paper and exposing it to light. Man Ray had photographed everyday objects before, but these unique, visionary images immediately put the photographer on par with the avant-garde painters of the day. Hovering between the abstract and the representational, the rayographs revealed a new way of seeing that delighted the Dadaist poets who championed his work, and that pointed the way to the dreamlike visions of the Surrealist writers and painters who followed.

Introduction of medium format cameras plus one artist

Medium format cameras use film much, much bigger than 35mm or digital, and thus give much higher quality. It's also almost as easy to use as 35mm and digital, and in some ways easier. With quality better than 35 mm or digital and almost equal ease-of-use you'll see why it has always been a popular format for many kinds of professional photography, especially portraiture.

Brad Harris. Brad harris is a comercial photographer based in New York. He does all his portraits on medium format as he finds it better quality and he wants to keep traditional photography going.

Introduction of 35mm film and colour film.

The 35mm film format was developed and produced at an experimental scale in Thomas A. Edison's laboratory in New Jersey by splitting 70mm roll film. Edison compiled his caveat for the double perforated cine film in the fall of 1889, describing it as a double perforated long band passing from one reel to another, driven by two sprocket wheels. The film was obtained from the Eastman Dry Plate and film Company in Rochester, NY. However, it took several years to become a regular Kodak product.

Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color.

The first color cinematography was by means of additive color systems such as the one patented in England by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902.[1] A simplified additive system was developed by George Albert Smith and successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters.

Polaroid film Instant film is a type of photographic film introduced by Polaroid to be used in an instant camera (and, with accessory hardware, with many professional film cameras). The film contains the chemicals needed for developing and fixing the photo, and the instant camera exposes and initiates the developing process after a photograph has been taken.

In earlier Polaroid instant cameras the film is pulled through rollers which breaks open a pod containing a reagent that is spread between the exposed negative and receiving positive sheet. This film sandwich develops for a predetermined time, depending on film type and ambient temperature, after which the positive sheet is peeled away from the negative to reveal the developed photo.

In 1972, Polaroid introduced integral film, which incorporated timing and receiving layers to automatically develop and fix the photo without any intervention from the photographer.

First digital camera

Steven Sasson as an engineer at Eastman Kodak invented and built the first electronic camera using a charge-coupled device image sensor in 1975.[4] Earlier ones used a camera tube; later ones digitized the signal. Early uses were mainly military and scientific; followed by medical and news applications. In the mid to late 1990s digital cameras became common among consumers. By the mid-2000s digital cameras had largely replaced film cameras, and higher-end cell phones had an integrated digital camera. By the beginning of the 2010s almost all smartphones had an integrated digital camera.

Current camera technology and one photographer who uses digital camera’s

We’ve been talking about the rise of the compact system camera for a while now, with 2013 being a pivotal year for the genre and more CSCs being announced than SLRs.

This trend continued during 2014 and high-end models which are designed to tempt enthusiast and professional photographers have become increasingly important.

This has been backed-up by the arrival of more high-end lenses with better build quality and larger maximum apertures than earlier optics.

The new breed of smaller, lighter cameras has proved popular with lifestyle, documentary and wedding photographers who want something more discrete to use as well as something that’s easier to carry. Olympus’s OM-D series and Fuji’s excellent X-series have continued to draw praise.

A Photographer I like the work of is martin klimas and he uses a digital camera to create his images of paint dancing which I think are so amazing.

Prediction for the future of photography.

My predication for the future of photography is that you will have a camera which you can shoot film and digital in. it will have a big zoom lens so you can shoot close up or far away. It will also be the highest quality camera that will have ever been out and also you will be able to record video to a high standard as well as taking pictures.