PHONETICSPhonetics : The study of the sounds in the production of human speech

Articulatory phonetics:The study of human speech apparatus

Acoustics Phonetics: The study of how speech sounds are produced. Auditory phonetics: The study of how speech sounds are heard and perceive by brain.

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SPEECH APARATUSHuman being have no organs that are used only for speech. The organs that produce speech sounds have evolved principally to serve the life-sustaining processes of breathing and eating. Speech is secondary function of human “speech apparatus” and in this sense it is sometimes said to be parasitic on these organs.

PLACE (POINTS) OF ARTICULATION

Place of articulation

Since all consonants are the result of constriction at some point in the vocal tract, they can all be said to have location. The point at which a sound is produced or articulated is known as its place of articulation. This is normally one of the fixed structures of our oral cavity, such as hard palate or alveolar. The constriction is caused by moving an articulator ( usually tongue) to that location in order to obstruct the airflow.

Place of articulation

The place of articulations are: Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal

The Role of Larynx in Speech

The first point where the airflow from the

lungs encounters a controlled resistance is

at the larynx, a structure of muscle and

cartilage located at the upper end of the

trachea (windpipe). The resistance can be

controlled by the different position and

tension in the vocal cords, two muscular

bands of tissue that stretch from front to

back within the larynx.

Manner of Articulations1. Stop. The airflow is completely stopped at

some point within the oral cavity followed by sudden air release (plosive).

2. Nasal. The oral stops the airflow but let it

pass through nasal cavity.3. Fricatives. The tongue raises to the point of

articulation but leave a narrow groove for the air to escape.

Manner of Articulations

4. Affricates. The combination between stop

followed by fricative.5. Trill Rapid vibration of the tip

Quality of sound

1. Voiced. The airstream makes the vocal

cords vibrate.2. Voiceless The airstream do not make the

vocal cords vibrate.