In this lesson, students will identify characteristics of Phoenician civilization.

Students will be able to define and/or identify the following terms:

Phoenicians

Alphabet

Cultural Diffusion

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Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia.

The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people.

They settled in small city-states in present-day Lebanon.

There were few natural resources in their land. So, they turned to the seas.

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The Phoenicians were seafaring traders.They sailed the Mediterranean sea.

galley

By 900 B.C., the Phoenicians dominated Mediterranean trade.

The Phoenicians were able to build a civilization without relying on agriculture.

Income generated by trade allowed the Phoenicians to build permanent settlements.

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These are Phoenician coins. Phoenician money was minted

by individual cities.

The Phoenicians invented the world’s first alphabet.

Each of the twenty-two Phoenician alphabet symbols represented a different sound.

The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet. From the Phoenician and Greek alphabets come our alphabet.

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An alphabet based on symbolsrepresenting sounds is easier to learn

than the use of characters.

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The Phoenicians established trading colonies throughout the Mediterranean region.

A colony is a region controlled by a distant country.

Carthage was a famous Phoenician trading colony in North Africa.

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Carthage was a Phoenician colony locatedin North Africa.

The Phoenicians made their own purple dye.

The Phoenicians had a monopoly on the market for purple.

The Phoenicians crushed shellfish to make their purple dye.

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E. NappThe Phoenicians established many colonies.

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Travel and trade encouraged culturaldiffusion.

Who were the Phoenicians?Why did the Phoenicians turn to the seas?What was Carthage?Name the most significant Phoenician

contribution to world history.Why was Phoenicia known for its purple?How did Phoenicia’s location benefit it?Why do we remember Phoenicia?

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Why did Abraham migrate to Palestine?How do polytheists differ from monotheists?Provide an example of how Judaism is a moral

and ethical religion.

Summary of what you have learned today:

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In this lesson, students will be able to identify characteristics of Judaism.

Students will be able to define and/or identify the following terms:

HebrewsMonotheism

JudaismTen Commandments

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The Hebrews were originally nomadic pastoralists.

The Hebrews migrated to Palestine (present-day Israel).

The Hebrews believe that they are descendants of Abraham.

Abraham became a monotheist.

E. NappMonotheism is the belief in one God.

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The Hebrews believe that they are descendants of Abraham.

The Hebrews believed that Abraham originally lived in Mesopotamia.

The people of Mesopotamia believed in many gods (polytheism). However, Abraham believed in one God (monotheism).

Abraham believed that God told him to leave Mesopotamia and migrate to Palestine.

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The religion of the descendants of Abraham is called Judaism.

Judaism is the first, lasting monotheistic religion.

From Judaism come two other significant religions in world history: Christianity and Islam.

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The Hebrews lived in Palestine for manyyears. However, after a terrible famine,

The Hebrews migrated to Egypt. In Egypt,Moses was born.

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The Hebrews migrated to Egypt during a time of famine in Palestine.

Initially, the Hebrews were treated well in Egypt. However, the Hebrews were eventually enslaved by the Egyptians.

Under the leadership of Moses, the Hebrews fled Egypt (the Exodus).

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On the journey to Palestine, Moses received the Ten Commandments.

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Judaism is the world’s first moral and ethical religion.

It teaches followers to obey moral and ethical rules.

The Ten Commandments provide an example of the moral and ethical nature of the Jewish religion.

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The first five books of the Hebrew Bibleare called the Torah. The Torah is very

important to Jews.

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The Hebrews or Jews believe that they have a covenant with God.

A covenant is an agreement.

The Hebrews believe that if they obey God’s commandments, God will bless them. However, if they fail to obey God’s commandments, God will punish them.

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A synagogue is a Jewish house of worship.