philosophy of the industrialists
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Vocabulary Review industrialization free enterprise entrepreneur monopoly Be sure students have access to support for these terms (from earlier class notes or activities, or from textbook or other resource).TRANSCRIPT
Philosophy of the Industrialists Vocabulary Review
industrialization free enterprise entrepreneur
monopoly Be sure students have access to support for these terms
(from earlier class notes or activities, or from textbook or other
resource). Ask students to identify some of the key characteristics
of Mr
Ask students to identify some of the key characteristics of Mr.
Monopoly (aka Rich Uncle Pennybags). I see I hear I taste I touch I
think I feel industrialization
free enterprise entrepreneur monopoly I see I hear I taste I touch
I think I feel Ask students to consider how they would complete the
sentence stems to complete a sensory figure description of Mr.
Monopoly, being sure to use the vocabulary terms provided at least
once.Students should write their ideas on the provided handout or
in their notebooks. Share Your Ideas with a Partner
Give students approximately 5 minutes to share their responses with
a partner. Share Your Ideas with the another group
Call on a few partner pairs to share responses.Use this time to
formatively assess student master of vocabulary, and re-teach as
necessary.Call on enough groups to ensure that all students can
correctly use each term somewhere in their sensory figure
descriptions. Make any necessary revisions to improve your
work
Allow a few minutes for students to revise responses after group
discussion. We have been analyzing the Rise of Industry
Introduce students to the lesson by reminding them about the Rise
of Industry, including new types of factory manufacturing. And the
economic growth of the late 19th century
Students should have learned about innovations in transportation,
communication, and production prior to todays lesson, so the images
above should help connect to prior knowledge of the time period.
Today we will be looking at some of the PHILOSOPHIES associated
with the time period.
The next slide will allow students to focus on the term
PHILOSOPHIES PHILOSOPHIES Give students a few seconds to consider
the term PHILSOPHIES (or philosophy) What does it mean to have a
PHILOSOPHY?
Lead a brief focused discussion:Where have students heard the term
before?What might be the definition of philosophy? Some
philosophies of the time were attempts to justify the status quo
(and the staggering wealth gained by the few) This is a good
opportunity to review individuals such as Andrew Carnegie, John D.
Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and J.P. Morgan and business
practices such as vertical and horizontal integration
Industrialists were supporters of Adam Smith and the idea that an
economy free of government interference (a free market) guaranteed
economic prosperity. An opportunity to expand on student
understanding of free enterprise students should also be familiar
with the idea of a free market. Supporters of Big Business referred
to industrialists of the period as
Ask students what features of Gilded Age entrepreneurs would be
emphasized if we chose the term Captains of Industry? Other
philosophies were critical of Big Business And coined the term
Robber Barons to describe industrialists growing rich at the
expense of the common man Ask students what characteristics of
Gilded Age entrepreneurs we would highlight if we chose the term
Robber Barons? Support student analysis of the cartoon by pointing
out the two time periods portrayed and the visual clues provided by
the author to justify the portrayal of entrepreneurs as Robber
Barons Utilitarianism, Socialism, and Marxism all emerged as
alternatives to a capitalist economic system
The World History curriculum includes study of these philosophies
as Responses to Industrialization with an emphasis on Europe.The
following slides help to support understanding of each.
Utilitarianism The Few The Many
Utilitarianismis a philosophy that promotes the ideas that ideas,
institutions, and laws should be valued on the basis of their
utility (usefulness).Utilitarianismargues that government should
promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people and a
government policy was only useful if it promoted this goal.
Utilitarian philosophers came to question unregulated capitalism as
benefitting the few over the many, and argued that policies should
promote a more equal division of profits to working people. The
Many Socialism Socialism is an economic system attempting to offset
some of the negative effects of industrialization, by arguing that
the factors of production ought to be owned by the public (or the
state) and operated for the welfare of all.Socialists have a deep
concern for social justice, and believe that the government should
actively plan the economy and NOT rely on free market
capitalism.Public ownership, they believe, will help the workers
who they saw as at the mercy of greedy business owners. The symbol
of Socialism is a red rose the color red is generally associated
with socialism (symbolizing the blood shed by workers and a symbol
of the worker's cause). After the haymarket incident (which
students will learn about while studying the Labor Movement),
socialists wore red roses on dress lapels to pay tribute to the
deceased in numerous protest marches. From that point it began to
be used as a symbol for many european socialist parties. This
socialist propaganda clearly illustrates the viewpoint that the
rich and powerful have built their power and wealth on the backs of
working people. Marxism Marxism often referred to as communism
argues that human societies have always been divided into warring
classes the haves and the have notes (aka the bourgeoisie and
proletariat).Karl Marx (with Friedrich Engels) predicted a
workingmans revolution to secure economic equality.Their symbol a
sickle (to represent agricultural workers) and a hammer (to
represent industrial workers) represent the call for workers to
unite. Marx predicted the workingmans revolution to result in
communism a form of complete socialism in which all means of
production all land, mines, factories, railroads, businesses would
be owned by the people.Private property would cease to exist, and
all goods and services would be shared equally. People feared the
growing power of corporate monopolies
The philosophies of Utilitarianism, Socialism, and Marxism were
reactions to the fear of unregulated capitalism, the growing gap
between rich and poor, and the increasing power of big business.
The Bosses of the Senate allow students some time to analyze the
cartoon, including the authors viewpoint about the power of
monopolies in U.S. government. And yet the philosophies of the
industrialists became - and remain - defining features of American
economic ideology While competing philosophies have been (and still
are) condemned as
radical un-American or evil A quick image search for socialism will
turn up a remarkable amount of imagery, in which socialism is
almost always linked to Hitler, the Nazis, or other un-American
ideas. To understand the Philosophy of Industrialists, we will
examine three: Laissez-Faire, Social Darwinism, and the Gospel of
Wealth Distribute copies of The Philosophy of Industrialists. Why
does Adam Smith think self-interest can result in benefits for
society as a whole?
Do you agree?Why/why not? According to laissez-faire economics, how
should government behave?Why? Share Your Ideas with a Partner Share
Your Ideas with the another group Write a definition of Laissez
faire in your own words in the space provided. How does Social
Darwinism reflect the idea of survival of the fittest (also
referred to as natural selection)? What role does competition play
in this kind of natural selection? What services for the poor are
justified, according to Social Darwinism? Do these ideas about the
poor still exist in society today? Is it an accurate portrayal of
people living in poverty that they demand more than they
contribute?Why/Why not? Share Your Ideas with a Partner Share Your
Ideas with the another group Write a definition of Social Darwinism
in your own words in the space provided. How does Andrew Carnegie
describe the man of wealth?
Do you agree with this description?Why/why not? Are Carnegies view
of the poor different from a supporter of Social Darwinism? What
services for the poor are justified, according to the Gospel of
Wealth? Do these ideas about the poor still exist in society today?
Be sure to inform students about the philanthropy of Andrew
Carnegie philanthropy is the desire to promote the welfare of
others, specifically in the form of donation of generous amounts of
money to good causes.Carnegie, in his lifetime, donated over $56
million to build 2,509 libraries throughout the English-speaking
world, and donated money to universities (Carnegie Mellon) and
other public works (Carnegie Hall).Ask students to consider some of
the other places/institutions that bear the name of philanthropic
donors from the Gilded Age (Vanderbilt University, Rockefeller
Plaza, etc) Share Your Ideas with a Partner Share Your Ideas with
the another group Write a definition of Gospel of Wealth in your
own words in the space provided. Complete the sentence stems at the
bottom of the page. Note the sacrificed buds bearing the title
COMPETITORS review (if necessary) how Rockefeller eliminated
competition.The artist is attempting to show that this is not
natural as Rockefeller claims.The American Beauty Rose (titled
Standard Oil Co.) is an unnatural monster. How does the cartoonist
interpret John D. Rockefellers remark in the cartoon?What business
practices might the cartoonist be referring to? How does the
cartoonist interpret Andrew Carnegies philosophy of the Gospel of
Wealth?
Students will probably use the term Two-faced to describe the
artists portrayal of Carnegie.Be sure students know what this
means, and can use evidence from the cartoon and caption to support
their answer. Now you will use what you have learned to CREATE a
political cartoon on
Laissez-faire. Students do not have to portray Laissez-faire
negatively as the two cartoons provided did with Social Darwinism
and Gospel of Wealth, though infusing their original cartoon with
personal opinion will allow for the highest level of analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation (of Laissez-faire). Notice how the artist
conveys POINT OF VIEW How will you portray the concept of
Laissez-faire in the imagery of a political cartoon?