philippine history - teacheryen.files.wordpress.com · pre-spanish government settlements ......
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PHILIPPINE HISTORY
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PHILIPPINE HISTORY
PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT
SETTLEMENTS
BARANGAY – villages that
consisted of more or less 100
families
DATU – ruler of the barangay
Functions of the Datu
• Chief executive
• Law-giver
• Chief judge
• Military head
• Assisted by a Council of Elders
called the maginoo
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Social
Classes
Maharlika Timawa
Aliping namamahay
Aliping saguiguilid
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CHARACTERISTICS OF PRE-
HISPANIC SOCIETY (BARANGAY)
• DEPENDENCE ON BOATS
• POSSESSED A HIGHLY
LOCALIZED GOVERNMENT
1
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“ TAGALOG BARANGAY
- A group of people ruled over by one datu
- MINDANAO
- A sultan ruled over his datus
- The datus, in turn, ruled over their barangays.
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BARANGAY DURING THE
SPANISH COLONIAL
REGIME
⊡The Spaniards retained both the term and the
institution as a means of collecting tribute.
⊡In the colonial regime, it meant the people
instead of the place.
⊡Commoners were known for the barangay
they belonged to instead of the place they
came from. Ex: “barangay of Don Juan…”
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T I M E L I N E
PRE-HISPANIC
PERIOD
SPANISH
COLONIAL
PERIOD
AMERICAN
COLONIAL
PERIOD
THIRD
PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
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SPANISH
GOVERNMENT
MARCH 16, 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi’s conquest - 1565
🏰
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VICEROY OF MEXICO
- The Philippines was
governed by the King of
Spain through Mexico
from 1565 – 1821
(Mexican independence)
Spanish Colonial Period
King of Spain
Viceroy of Mexico
Philippines
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After Mexico gained its
independence in 1821, the
Philippines was ruled by
governors-general under the
Council of Indies.
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COUNCIL OF
INDIES
1565-1837
OVERSEAS
COUNCIL
1837-1863
MINISTRY
OF THE
COLONIES
1863-1898
(Ministerio de
Ultramar)
SPANISH COLONIAL
PERIOD
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I’VE GOT THE
POWER!
GOVERNOR-GENERAL 1. King’s official representative (vice royal
patron) in the Philippines
2. Possessed executive, legislative and
judicial powers
3. The governor-general issued orders with
the force of law (superior decrees)
*Decrees or orders from the king were
called Royal decrees or orders. Carlos Maria
dela Torre
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I’VE GOT THE
POWER!
GOVERNOR-GENERAL 4. He was also a member of the Royal Audiencia
(president)
5. He could appoint minor officials and parish priests.
6. He was also the commander-in-chief of the armed
forces
7. Power of cumplase – He had the right to suspend
royal decrees – “I obey but do not comply.”
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ROYAL
AUDIENCIA
⊡Established in 1584 to give justice to the
aggrieved people in the colony
⊡Highest court so far as civil and criminal cases
were concerned – similar to the SC today
⊡Political and administrative matters were
referred to the Audiencia by the governor
⊡Also audited the finances of the government
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ROYAL
AUDIENCIA
⊡Abolished in 1590 due to its non-profitability
⊡The king ordered its re-establishment in 1595
but was actually re-established in 1598.
Expectation: 1595
Reality: 1598
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PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT
PROVINCIAL
GOVERNMENT
PACIFIED
AREAS – were
ruled by civil
provincial
governors
NON-PACIFIED
AREAS – were
ruled by military
officers
ALCALDIA
ALCALDE MAYOR CORREGIMIENTO
CORREGIDOR
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I’VE GOT THE
POWER!
Indulto de Comercio The right to engage in trade
(Galleon Trade)
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MUNICIPAL
GOVERNMENT
Gobernadorcillo
or Capitan
Municipal or
Capitan
6 incumbent cabezas
de barangay 6 former cabezas de
barangay
Important note: The elected gobernadorcillo had to be approved by the Spanish friar-curate.
Outgoing capitan
Spanish friar-curate
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ENCOMIENDA
1)protect the people in the encomienda;
2)maintain peace and order;
3)promote education and health programs;
4)help the missionaries propagate
Christianity.
Duties of the encomendero
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2 CITIES during the first century: Cebu and Manila
6 CITIES during the 17th century: Cebu, Manila, Vigan, Nueva Segovia
(Lal-loc), Arevalo (part of Iloilo City) and Nueva Caceres (now Naga)
CITIES
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250,000 Number of converts in 1585
Less than a Million Number of converts in the middle of the 18th century
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SPANISH
FRIAR
• Active in government and had a say in parish priest
appointments
• Had political powers
• Members of some agencies of Central government
• Census enumerator
• Health officer
• Inspector of schools
• Examiner of pupils
• Censor
• Certified young men who wanted to join the army
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SPANISH
FRIAR
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POLOS y SERVICIOS
(Forced Labor)
Construction of public works (roads,
bridges, ships), churches, hauled
and cut timber
👤 👤 👤
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POLOS y SERVICIOS (Forced Labor)
• Paid work
• Work in places near their homes
• Work should not coincide with
planting and harvest seasons
• Not overworked
• Only in necessary cases
• Other nationalities to be drafted
(i.e., Chinese)
👤 👤 👤
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GALLEON TRADE
⊡Goods from Siam, Japan, China,
India, Cambodia, Malacca and
Indonesia arrived in Manila
⊡ These then were shipped and
sold by Spanish traders to
Mexico
⊡A limit or ceiling was later placed
on the trade because it competed
with Spanish merchants’ profits
1811 – The year the
last galleon sailed
from Manila for
Acapulco
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LET’S TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
1. The system of forced labor was known as ___________.
2. Areas that were pacified were called _______.
3. Who ruled a town or municipality? _________
4. Who was the most powerful albeit informal figure during the Spanish
colonial period? __________
5. Who established the colony in 1565? _______
6. This privilege was given as the right to engage in trade.__
7. Name of the executive branch of colonial government.__
8. Highest court in the land as far as civil and criminal cases were
concerned _______
9. Give one group or individual who could elect a gobernadorcillo ____
10.Who was the vice royal patron of Spain in the Philippines?
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⊡Give two powers of the friar
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CHALLENGES TO SPANISH
COLONIAL RULE
1. Magalat (Cagayan) – 1596 – against Spanish rule
2. Bancao ((Leyte) – 1622 – against the friars
3. Juan Sumuroy (Samar) – 1649 – against forced labor
4. Francisco Maniago (C. Luzon) – 1660 – against Spanish rule and
abuses
5. Andres Malong (Pangasinan) – 1660 – against Spanish abuses
6. Francisco Dagohoy (Bohol) – 1744 – against the curate who did not
bury his brother (longest lasting revolt in history – 84 years)
7. Diego and Gabriela Silang (Ilocano from Pangasinan) – 1762 –
wanted tribute to be abolished
8. Juan de la Cruz Palaris (Pangasinan) – 1762 – against tribute and
abuses
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ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS
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ECONOMIC SOCIETY
AND JOSE BASCO
Jose Basco’s plan and recommendation: make the Philippines self-
sufficient
Planting of sugar, mulberry trees, spices and cotton
Encouraged the development of mines – gold, tin and copper
Founded the Economic Society of Friends of the Country (1781)
A society of “selected persons who are capable enough to produce
useful ideas”
One accomplishment: export indigo to Europe for the first time
Basco’s accomplishments: established the tobacco monopoly (1782
– 1882)
Other government monopolies: wine and liquor, gunpowder, playing
cards and buyo
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1834 Opening of Manila to foreign trade
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SINIBALDO DE MAS’
RECOMMENDATIONS IN 1842
1. Abolish the tobacco monopoly
2. Encourage Chinese immigration
3. Open more ports to world trade
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1834 Opening of Manila to foreign trade
1855 Iloilo, Zamboanga and Sual (Pangasinan) were opened
1860 Cebu was opened to world trade
1873 Tacloban and Legazpi opened to world trade
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