philadelphia convention, 1787
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Philadelphia Convention, 1787. 55 delegates; most wealthy and in their thirties; 39 had sat in Congress; 19 slave owners No official journal kept Secrecy to ensure open debate without fear of criticism Two basic issues Whether or not to tinker with the Articles of Confederation or replace it - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Philadelphia Convention, 1787 55 delegates; most wealthy and in
their thirties; 39 had sat in Congress; 19 slave owners
No official journal kept Secrecy to ensure open debate
without fear of criticism Two basic issues
Whether or not to tinker with the Articles of Confederation or replace it
Conflicting interests of the small and large states
Virginia Plan (James Madison) Strong central government Congress gets unrestricted rights to tax
and legislate, the power to veto state law and use military force against the estates
Bicameral legislature with fixed representation based on the states population
Voters elect the lower house; lower house chooses the upper house from nominations submitted by the state legislatures
New Jersey Plan (William Patterson) Recommended a single chamber congress
with each state having equal vote Congressional laws the supreme law of
the land Courts could force reluctant states to
accept these measures
Connecticut Compromise Equal vote for each state in the upper Proportional voting for the lower
The new document accomplished the following: Reconciled conflicting interests between
the large and small states The Senate and House
Established national authority Lay and collect taxes Regulate interstate commerce Conduct diplomacy State officials must swear an oath to
uphold the Constitution Use of military force against any state
This is an abandonment of the Articles of Confederation
But there was restraint (or at least their should be if Americans understand this document and don’t allow any or all branches to get too powerful)Three distinct branchesChecks and balancesFederalism
GovernmentFeb. 28, 2013
Everyone needs to have an American Government (it says American Government on the cover) bookTurn to page 760
Name your representatives to the national Congress2 Senators and 1
RepresentativeHow many people serve in each
house of Congress?House of Representatives –Senate -
Name anyone in Congress other than the 3 you wrote down for number 1.
Legislative: House Requirements for office Apportionment of the seats
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/2010-race-maps/house/
Gerrymandering Term of Office Presiding officer Powers
Impeachment $
Speaker of the House John Boehner From Ohio Been in
Congress since 1990
Republican
Majority Leader Eric Cantor From Virginia Been in office
since 1991 Republican
Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi From California Been in office since
1985 Democratic
Legislative: Senate Requirement for Office Membership Term of Office Presiding Officer Powers
2/3 consent (treaties) Jury role Foreign Affairs Filibuster
Cloture (2/3 present) to shut this down
Vice President (and President of the Senate
Joe BidenFrom DelawareBeen in office
since 1972 (Senator for 36 years prior to VP)
Democrat
President Pro-TemporePatrick Leahy
From Vermont
Been in office since 1974
Senate Minority LeaderMitch
McConnellFrom
KentuckyBeen in
office since 1984
Republican
Senate Majority LeaderHarry ReidFrom NevadaBeen in office
since 1986Democrat
Pg. 83 – Term Limits
Do they represent us? Age
House- 56.7 years; Senate- 62.2 years Education
Law degrees are held by 167 Members of the House (38% of the total House) and 55 Senators (55% of the total Senate)
Military service (21.8% of Congress) Foreign born (8 Reps and 1 Senator) Women (Ninety-one women-16.8% of the total
membership) House - 74 Senate – 17 http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
African Americans- 44 members (all House) Hispanic or Latino- 31 members (29 House; 2 Senate)
Congressional Powers Article I, Section 8
Executive http://www.gallup.com/poll/28693
/which-characteristics-most-desirable-next-president.aspx
Worst http://www.usnews.com/listings/worst-pre
sidents/zachary-taylor
Best http://www.gallup.com/poll/146183/ameri
cans-say-reagan-greatest-president.aspx
Sexiest (?) http://www.nerve.com/content/the-top-43-s
exiest-us-presidents
ExecutiveRequirements for office
Constitutional vs. societalTerm (22nd Amendment)Electoral College
How is it calculated?What if no majority?Who has power in this
system?
Executive Powers of the President
Commander in ChiefHead of CabinetGrant pardonsNegotiate TreatiesNominate Supreme Court
JusticesFill vacancies during Senate
recesses
The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments
State (1789) Treasury Defense Justice Interior (1849) Agriculture (1862) Commerce (1913) Labor (1913) Health and Human
Service (1953) Housing and
Urban Development (1965)
Transportation (1966)
Energy (1977) Education (1979) Veterans Affairs
(1988) Homeland Security
(2002)
Judicial
Chief Justice John Roberts (56); 6 years
Antonin Scalia (75); 25 Anthony Kennedy (75); 23 Clarence Thomas (63); 20 Ruth Bader Ginsburg (78); 18 Stephen Breyer (73); 17 Sam Alito (61); 5 Sonia Sotomayor (57); 2 Elena Kagen (51); 1
Article IV – Relations among the states
Article V – Amending process
Article VI – Supremacy Clause
Article VII - Ratification
Art. IVRelations Among the States
Full faith and credit shall be given in each state. . .
ExtraditionNew States: congressional control
Each state is guaranteed a republican form of govt.
Art. V
Art. VISupremacy ClauseThis is pretty simple: The U.S. Constitution is the ultimate trump card
Art. VII
Amendment option 1All persons who have been
a naturalized citizen of the United States for 20 years or more will be considered eligible for the office of the Presidency. This overrides the current natural-born qualification, but does not affect the age and/or residency requirement.
Amendment option 2 Purposeful desecration of the U.S. flag is
hereby established as a criminal act. Desecration is defined as “the act of depriving something of its sacred character.” Burning of the flag in a retirement ceremony will be allowed as long as the proper steps in doing so are followed. Enforcement will be at the hands of local law authorities. The following federal guidelines for punishment are - $5000 fine and up to 5 years in jail).
Amendment option 3 In an effort to strength the academic
preparedness of our citizenry, we hereby establish that children under the age of 18 are barred from contractually engaging in employment during the following time: School nights during the academic year - as defined by their school district. Full legal employment may begin on the day of the citizen’s 18th birthday.
Amendment option 4 All senators and representatives to
the U.S. Congress are hereby limited to a specific number of terms (consecutive or nonconsecutive) in that particular office: Representatives will be allowed a
total of four complete terms in office (8 years of service).
Senators will be allowed a total of two complete terms in office (12 years of service).
11. You cannot sue another state except with permission by that state's judicial system.
12. The electoral college must have two separate elections for president and vice president. They now run as a ticket.
13. Abolishes slavery. Emancipation. All slaves are free. 14. Every foreign born citizen now has right to "due process" 15. All men get the right to vote - including ex-slaves 16. The Federal Income Tax is established 17. The people elect their own US senators 18. Alcohol is prohibited 19. Women get the right to vote 20. January 20th is the day that a new president takes office (lame
duck) 21. It is no longer illegal to drink Alcohol. The 18th amendment is
struck down. 22. A president can only have 2 terms in office. 23. Washington DC can vote for the president 24. You may not charge people money so that they can register to
vote (poll tax) 25. Lays down the rules for who becomes president if the president
dies/resigns etc. 26. You can vote at the age of 18. 27. Congressmen cannot vote to give themselves a raise in the
same term.