PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH Joseph Aristotle P. Gregorio

Instructor

DEFINITION OF TERMS

COMMONWEALTH

An organization of autonomous states that are united in allegiance to a central power but are not subordinate to it or to one another

HARE-HAWES CUTTING ACT

- (1933), the first law setting a specific date for Philippine independence from the United States.

- this was the result of the independence mission (Os-Rox) by Sergio Osmena and Manuel Roxas

TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT

- officially known as the Philippine Independence Act

- approved March 24, 1934, was a U.S. statute that provided for Philippine independence after a 10-year transitional period of commonwealth government. During the transition period, the U.S. maintained military forces in the Philippines.

MANUEL LUIS QUEZON

- Elected President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1935-1944)

- a lawyer by profession, he placed 4th in the Bar Exam

- served as Governor of Tayabas (Quezon), Senate President before elected as Philippine president

SERGIO OSMEÑA

- Elected Vice President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1935-1944)

- Assumed as President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1944-1946)

- a lawyer by profession

- served as Governor of Cebu

- elected as Speaker of the House before becoming a senator

NOVEMBER 15, 1935

- American government allowed Filipinos to rule their own government

- Inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth

QUEZON’S QUOTABLE QUOTES….

“I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by the Americans.”

“My loyalty to my party ends where my loyalty to my country begins.”

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH

CONCERNS DURING THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

- The primary concerns in the transition period were:

1. National Security and National Defense

2. Social Justice of the country

3. Education

4. Language

5. Economic Development

ACCOMPLISHMENTS

1. Reorganization of the government by creating offices, including Department of National Defense, Institute of National Language and the National Council of Education, Filipinization of the judiciary from Supreme Court to the municipal courts;

2. Granting of women suffrage;

3. Creation of new chartered cities – Cebu, Iloilo, Bacolod, Davao, Zamboanga, San Pablo, Quezon City, Cavite and Tagaytay;

4. The adoption of national language, based on Tagalog

5. Promotion of Social Justice, as shown by the Eight Hour Labor Act enacted by the National Assembly and the appointment of public defenders (government lawyers)

6. Compulsory military training of able-bodied Filipino youths, under the supervision of Gen. Douglas MacArthur

7. Taking of the 1939 Official Census of the Philippines

8. The improvement of the Philippine economy, as revealed by the growth of agriculture, commerce and industries

9. Creation of Joint Preparatory Committee on Philippine Affairs (JPCPA)

10. Passing of three amendments of the 1935 Phil. Constitution

a. Tenure of the President and Vice-President was four years with re-election for another term

b. Establishment of a Bicameral Congress of the Philippines

c. Creation of an Independent Commission on Elections composed of three members to supervise

REFERENCEShttp://hanbadilles.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-commonwealth-government.html

http://public.getlegal.com/legal-info-center/march-24-1934-congress-passes-tydings-mcduffie-act-paving-road-for-philippine-independence/

http://www.azquotes.com/quote/659637

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=logo+of+philippine+commonwealth+era&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD-5v_jbXRAhWFl5QKHT0_DXUQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=philippine+commonwealth+innaguration&imgrc=hMRd2jk9TB2tPM%3A

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hare-Hawes-Cutting-Act