phenological and physiological responses of soybean varieties and planting date

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Phenological and Physiological Responses

of Soybean Varieties and Planting Date

Canon Engoke, Steve Boahen & David Chikoye

23 November 2015 (R4D Week 2015)

www.iita.org A member of the CGIAR consortium

Canon Engoke, Steve Boahen & David Chikoye

Soybean in Mozambique


Major Soybean Production Interventions

Improve

Yield and variety adaptation

Crop management practices (protection and husbandry)

Capacity (learn), capability (develop) and competence

(skill)

Access and production of `clean´ seeds

Introduction


Nampula (Nampula, Meconta,

Murrupula districts etc.)

- Zambezia (Gurue district)

- Tete (Angonia and Tsangano

districts)

- Manica (Sussundenga and

Macate districts)

Research sites



Evaluate the effect of planting date on yield and

yield components

Evaluate the effect of planting time on leaf area

index (LAI), photosynthesis/transpiration = Water

Use Efficiency (WUE), and radiation use efficiency


Objectives

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Research in Mozambique Methodology and Strategy

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Design = Split-plot, 4 – 6 Planting date (main plots)

and 6 Varieties = (sub-plot) in four Locations

Two seasons with first planting dates 2 – 30 Dec

2013 (2013/2014) and 10 Dec 2014 and 5 Jan 2015

(2014/2015) then two weeks interval

Varieties

Storm

TGx 1835-10E

TGx 1904-6F

TGx 1908-8F

TGx 1972-1F

TGx 1951-3F

Field Layout and Design


Data Collection and Analysis


Plant height, height to first pod

Yield components (Grain yield, Plant biomass,

Nodule population & dry weight, Pods per plant,

Seeds per pod, 100-seed weight)

Days after planting (flowering, podding, beginning of

seed, full seed and maturity)

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Research in Mozambique Soybean in Mozambique

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LAI, radiation, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and CO2

conc. transpiration, chlorophyll content, WUE (3 growth stages)

Data Collection and Analysis

Two-step data analysis in PROC GLM (SAS 9.4) as combined

and by location

Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS 9.4)


Day length sensitivity

Reduced rainfall

Higher temp.

Diseases

Delayed Planting Reduce Yields

14-day delay

for Storm:

Average yield loss

= 702kg/ha/14

≈ 50 kg/ha/day

≈ USD20/ha/day

Results and discussions


Delayed Planting Reduce Components

Planting Date

Plant

Height

First Pod

Height Pods Seed Upper Lower Combine

cm cm /plant /pod ---100-Seed Weight (g)---

5th Dec 2013 64.6 18.0 15.9 2.5 14.0 13.5 13.7

15th Dec 2013 62.8 18.4 16.5 2.5 13.7 13.1 12.9

29th Dec 2013 55.4 16.7 14.3 2.4 12.3 12.0 12.4

14th Jan 2014 44.2 12.6 10.9 1.7 11.9 12.0 12.1

2nd Feb 2014 41.9 11.8 9.2 1.7 10.7 11.6 11.3

Correlation -0.76 -0.82 -0.85 -0.87 -0.38 -0.31 -0.33

p-value <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 0.0204 0.0669 0.0508




Location Ruace Muriaze

Corr. -0.92 -0.84

p-value <.0001 <.0001

Relating Planting Date to Yield



Planting Date VE_R2FB R5_R8

20th Dec 2014 39 47

02nd Jan 2015 39 47

14th Jan 2015 39 46

24th Jan 2015 39 45

05th Feb 2015 38 41

15th Feb 2015 38 40

Pods Corr 0.63 0.61

p-value <.0001 <.0001

Yield Corr 0.44 0.57

p-value 0.0076 0.0003

Shorter Growth Stage Reduce Pods and Yield

Pods Yield

22.0 1743

20.8 1509

20.3 1112

20.0 1079

17.1 978

15.3 777



% PAR Intercepted

Muriaze 25 72 84

Ruace 36 69 82

Relating Growth Stage to gs, LAI and PAR



Photosynthesis and Transpiration Rate at R5



PAR Intercepted and LAI by Growth

Increased from R2 to R6

Higher for late maturing genotypes

Increased from R2 to R6

Higher for late maturing genotypes



Planting Dates (PD)

PD1 PD2 PD3

Yie

ld (

kg

ha

-1)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Wa

ter

Use

Eff

icie

ncy

4.0

4.4

4.8

5.2

5.6

6.0

Yield Muriaze

Yield Ruace

WUE Muriaze

WUE Ruace

Planting Dates (PD)

PD1 PD2 PD3

Yie

ld (

kg

ha

-1)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500W

ate

r U

se

Eff

icie

ncy

4.0

4.4

4.8

5.2

5.6

6.0

Yield Muriaze

Yield Ruace

WUE Muriaze

WUE Ruace

WUE and Yield Declined with Delayed Planting


Conclusion and Way Forward

Delayed planting reduce growth, yield and yield

components of soybean

Late planting reduced photosynthesis and transpiration

leading to low WUE

Decreased LAI led to inefficient radiation use

More efforts required to educate and recommend to

farmers suitable varieties to match the planting time



Acknowledgement

THANK YOU


phenological and physiological responses of soybean varieties and planting date

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