phd course universitat rovira i virgili integrating sustainable consumption & production what is...
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PhD courseUniversitat Rovira i Virgili
Integrating
Sustainable Consumption & Production What is Sustainable Consumption & Production. Need for a practical approach.
Outline
Sustainable Consumption Cleaner Production Integrating Consumption and
Production Stakeholder engagement and
future directions
What is Sustainable Consumption?
“…the use of services and products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as to not jeopardize the needs of future generations.”
UN CSD, 1995
Sustainable Consumption is ...
more than “consuming green” meeting basic needs about changing patterns,
not “doing without” responsible consumption
consuming differently, efficiently !!
Consumption Optimisation Different consumption
– what changes in choices and infrastructure will satisfy consumer demand more sustainability?
Conscious consumption – How can consumers increase their quality of life
by “choosing and using” more wisely?
Appropriate consumption – Are consumption levels sustainable? Is
consumption the best way to achieve every type of quality of life?
Mixed messages from consumers…
I’d like to end poverty, stop violence and
racism,and get rid of
pollution. Everyone should be equal.
I want to dress in the nicest clothes,drive a great car, talk on the latest
mobile phone, and watch my brand new DVD
Driving Forces that Influence Consumption
Economic: economic growth, disposable income and prices,
Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier lifetimes
Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity, individualism, working/leisure hours.
Education, Media and Information: environmental awareness.
Existing technology and infrastructure, available products and services.
Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and social tools.
ProactiveReactive
Cleaner Production
Recycling
Treatment
Dilution
Sustainable Development
Sustainable Consumption
improving efficiencies of current production processes with an eye to product changes
money spent on environment is an expense not an investment, no economic return
using byproducts on/off site so that waste being disposed of is minizised
striving to change the way in which needs are met to reduce environmental impacts
GOAL
Needs - opportunity – ability model of consumer behaviour
What is Cleaner Production?
“ Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated environmental strategy
to processes, products, and services
to increase overall efficiency,
and reduce risks to humans and the environment.
Cleaner production can be applied
to the processes used in any industry,
to products themselves and
to various services provided in society”
What Cleaner Production means for…
Production processes: conserving raw materials, water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity of all emissions and wasters at source during the production process.
Products: reducing the environmental, health and safety impacts of products through their entire life cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal of the product.
Services: incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering services.
Cleaner Production in action
For companies, cleaner production is implemented via:
factory and site Cleaner Production audits
improved maintenance and operational practices
equipment modification
increased recycling
change to cleaner technologies
better product design
Cleaner Production example: Nicaraguan beverage company (PEPSICO) undertook a
Cleaner Production Assessment working closely
with the 260 employees and found that
product loss was almost 80% due to mechanical problems
- 20% of which were housekeeping measures.
Measures taken:
Water conservation reduced water loss by 50%
Energy efficiency solutions resulted in 12% reduction in refrigeration, 40% reduction in air conditioning, overal fuel costs reduced by 30%
On going training of employees reduced bottle breaking by 30% savings of $26,000/year, and established an atmosphere supportive for looking for continual improvements.
Sustainable Production
There is no
Sustainable Consumption without
and vice versa
Consumption
Process-FocusedConsumption and Production
Production
A Systems Look at Sustainable Consumption and Production
Consumption Production
Consumption and production: integrated issue
“Consumers are increasingly interested in the world that lies behind the products. They want to know how and where and by whom the products have been produced.”
“This increasing awareness is a sign of hope. Business and governments must build on that.”
Klaus Toepfer, UNEP Executive Director
Life Cycle Thinking
Recy-cling
Refining
Manufac-turing
Exploration
Consumption/Use
Extraction
Return to theenvironment
Re-Use
Society’s Needfor Products and
Services
Obsolescence
Klaus Toepfer
… implies that everyone in the
whole chain of a product’s life cycle,
from cradle to grave, has a
responsibility and a role to play, taking into account all the
relevant external effects.”
Engineering view of processes to meet human needs
1.
Need for Integrated Approach
Increasing resource use efficiency (technological innovation, better management, alternative materials, etc.) to meet the basic needs
Reduce material and energy density of consumption
Promoting sustainable development (economic, social and environmental)
Manufacturing SystemSchematic
InputsLaborTimeEnergyCapitalMaterials
Process
OutputsProductScrapHeatPackagingWaste
Facility level Process Flow Map
Production Chain SchematicExamples of strategies to improve
resource productivity I
Extraction of Raw materials
Processing Industry
• Cleaner processing and energy technology
Manufacturer of finished products
• Cleaner processing and energy technology More emphasis on material with a favorable life course• Less material per unit• Larger share of materials from recycling industry • Better moduling of components
• Cleaner processing and energy technology
• Cleaner and more effective transport• Possibly spread Production• Re-use of transport packaging
• Rationalize link between goods or • Services and consumer (computer shopping)• Better utilization of energy• More re-use and recycling• A large share of the total consumption should refer to service• More “sharing”
• More systematic Recycling• New materials• technology
Distribution Consumption Waste Management
Production Chain SchematicExamples of strategies to improve
resource productivity II
Production ConsumptionProducts
Production
ProductionProduction
Production
Consumption
Consumption Consumption
Consumption
Consumption and Production - A Complex System
¿Why focus on the Products?
93% of production materials are not part of sold products 80% of the products are thrown away after just one use 99% of materials used in production of, or contained in the goods, are throw away in the first 6 weeks
“Factor 4: Doubling Wealth - Halving Resource Use”von Weizsacker, E.; Lovins, A.B.; Lovins, L.H.
New approach for development Example of mobility
Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and comfortably
Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road, material use in making automobiles, roads and related facilities, energy consumption and pollution emission, automobile wastes, etc.
New approaches: urban planing (location of residents, commercial and leisure services), public transport, cleaner fuels, design for efficiency and recycling, telecommunication (working from home, tele-conferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of leisure activities
Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile manufacturers, public transport services, leisure service companies, IT industry, etc.
Sustainable Consumption and Production: a role for ALL
Sustainable consumption and production is a common responsibility of
Governments, Industry, Consumers and Mass media.
What are we talking about?
… and sharing resources between the rich and the poor.
Consuming and producing more efficiently and differently ...
Future directions...Encompasses entire consumption and production
system with a life cycle perspective Includes stages upstream and downstream of
targeted area Focuses on minimising impacts of entire system Includes interventions that influence consumption
patterns (product policy,product information and product development)
Involves wide range of stakeholders Covers both policy as well as techno-managerial
aspects