phases of l earning
DESCRIPTION
Phases of L earning. Classical Conditioning . Phases of learning: Acquisition Phase. Consists of repeated trials in which the CS and US are paired and the CR gradually develops Most efficient conditioning occurs when: CS slightly precedes US CS comes to serve as a cue for the US - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phases of Learning
Classical Conditioning
![Page 2: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Phases of learning: Acquisition Phase
• Consists of repeated trials in which the CS and US are paired and the CR gradually develops
• Most efficient conditioning occurs when: – CS slightly precedes US – CS comes to serve as a cue for the US– HOWEVER, conditioning will still occur if the two
stimuli are presented simultaneously.
+
![Page 3: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Phases of learning: the Extinction Phase
• Presentation of the US is discontinued – Immediately following discontinuation of the US
the CR will still occur, but will eventually stop.– After the CR stops, the behavior is considered
extinct.
=But only for a little because there is no food….
![Page 4: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Phases of learning: Spontaneous Recovery
• The spontaneous return of a conditioned response following extinction.
• Example: All summer long, you do not operate under a school bell schedule, but immediately after your arrival back to SAHS, you remember what to do when the bell rings!
+ =
Oh yeah, I remember what the bell means…
![Page 5: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phases of learning: Reconditioning
• The process of relearning a conditioned response following extinction—only one or two pairings are needed.
• Similar to spontaneous recovery, but the learning process is needed, just for a short period of time. (Maybe upon arriving back to SAHS, you need the entire day to remind you what the bell schedule is all about).
+
+
==
?
![Page 6: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GENERALIZATION.
YOU SHOW A CR TO STIMULI SIMILAR TO THE ORIGINAL CS
AN EXAMPLE?
![Page 7: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WELL?
![Page 8: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ANOTHER?
![Page 9: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
It’s just like Concepts... you recognize the NEW object since it’s similar to objects you’ve already learned about.
![Page 10: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It’s an easy shortcut to understanding new stuff we run across…
YEAH………..GOT IT…….NOTHIN’ NEW…..SEEN IT...
![Page 11: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hmmmmm…..Well?
![Page 12: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Generalization is so easy, we do it all the time…and we don’t really think about it.
SOMETIMES IT’S TOOEASY………………
![Page 13: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Meet this bed sheet wearing fella, here…
Billy BobCrandall. Loyal Klansman
How y’all doin?
![Page 14: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ya Think Billy Bob may be generalizing a tad too much here?
Whoa!
![Page 15: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
NOW DON’T BE TOO TOUGH ON BILLY… He’s an extreme, sorta dumb example of what a lot of nicer folks do ALL THE TIME…
Aw…now my feelings are hurt!
![Page 16: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
We all generalize too quickly at times…and that leads to judgment errors!
HOW SMART IS THIS MAN?
![Page 17: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SO…What’s the Opposite? …a more intelligent & sophisticated form of learning?
![Page 18: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
…DISCRIMINATION!
Where stimuli similar to the old CS don’t cause a CR
![Page 19: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Von of thees is not like the other!...
Hey Count! Are all theseWhite Powders the same?
![Page 20: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hmm..
Try it again!
![Page 21: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discrimination takes experience…and an open mind. You have to LEARN
to discriminate
![Page 22: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Animals, by nature, have a tough time with discrimination.
WHO is truly dangerous to Bushy here?
Ahhhh!!!
![Page 23: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
See? Are they all dangerous?
![Page 24: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Animals CAN be trained to discriminate. It’s hard-to-do, but once done, they discriminate well! – An example?Let’s see……………….
![Page 25: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Snooki?
WHO WOULD YOU BET $ ON TO FIND THE BOMB?
or Biff, bomb-sniffing dog
B
![Page 26: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Stimulus Generalization
• The transfer of a learned response to a different, but similar stimuli
• Example: – CS= large black dog– CR= fear– Stimulus Generalization: Fear of small black dog or
large spotted dog or medium sized brown dog (aka all dogs scare you!)
Who me?
![Page 27: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Stimulus Discrimination
• Learning to respond to one stimulus and to inhibit the response to all other stimuli.
• Example: – CS= large black dog– CR= Fear– Stimulus Discrimination= No fear of a small brown
dog or large white dog (etc). Only large black dogs scare you!
![Page 28: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Phobias• Intense irrational fear of a particular thing• Can lead to panic attacks• You have no reasonable explanation as to why
you are afraid of this given thing. • Examples?
![Page 29: Phases of L earning](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568164f6550346895dd7644c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Desensitization Therapy(Behavior Therapy)
• Conditioning technique to gradually reduce anxiety of a particular object or situation
• Example: Peter’s fear of rabbits• Usually the therapy gradually exposes you to
your fear until you learn there is no harm.