Pharynx

PHARYNX

Passage way for food and liquid.

In both digestive and respiratory systems.

What can you see?

PHARYNX

Palatopharyngeal arch: When food touches it, swallowing initiates.

PHARYNX

Tonsils: Lymph tissue (mouth defense)

Tonsillitis, tonsillectomy

Cracker vs. WaterFollow the directions in this mini-lab. Answer the questions in your lab book.

Esophagus

EsophagusLeads the pharynx to the stomach.

Tube of muscle

EsophagusDeglutition: swallowing

Under autonomic control (no control)

Deglutition1. Uvula moves up, covers nasal passage

2. Pharynx moves up and the epiglottis covers respiratory system.

PeristalsisBolus pushed through by a rhythmic smooth muscle contraction.

Reverse peristalsis???

HeartburnStomach acid bubbles up into esophagus and burns layers of esophagus.

EsophagusNormal esophagus

Heartburn

Esophagus

Esophagus

Esophagus

Esophagus

Esophagus

EsophagusNewspaper

article

Stomach

Stomach: COLORA. Fundus B. BodyC. PylorusD. Pyloric sphincterE. Cardia

StomachJ-shapedSlightly on left side of the body

StomachFunctions:1. Physical breakdown (Muscular) 3 layers of powerful muscle

Stomach2. Chemical breakdown (acid/enzyme)

Stomach3. Storage (holds about 1.5 liters)

Like….

KobayashiWorlds

greatest eater!

5’7’’ 130lbs

Kobayashi

18 pounds of cow brains in 15 min

53 hot dogs and buns in 12 min

20 pounds of rice in 30 min

Kobayashi

Once ate at a all you can eat buffet and gained 26 pounds at one sitting!!

StomachParts:FundusBodyPylorus “ gate guard”

StomachOpenings:Sphincter: muscular ring that contracts to close the entrance or exit of an internal passageway.

STOMACH

Cardia (e): Connects esophagus to stomach

Near ??

StomachPyloric Sphincter (d): Regulates flow of chyme between stomach and S.I.

Autonomic control

StomachGastric Mucosa: Epithelial cells full of mucosa cells

Lining of the stomachStretch receptors

StomachGastric Mucosa:Secretes a protective mucous (protects from acid, enzymes, abrasive material)

StomachColor code the lining of the stomach.

Figure 1 = gFigure 2 = h, i, j

StomachRugae (ROO-ge)Wrinkles, very folded

Stomach

StomachGastrin: Hormone released when food enters stomach.

Stretch receptors in the stomach wall trigger gastrin.

StomachGastrin: Stimulates the gastric gland

StomachChyme: A soupy mixture of food + gastric juices after they are combined

Vomit

StomachGastric Glands: Responsible for secreting gastric juices.

1.5 liters per day

Gastric GlandContain 2 types of secreting cells

Parietal and Chief

Parietal cells1. Releases HCl for breakdown

2. killing microorganisms

Parietal cells3. Activates enzymes (in chief cells)

4. Intrinsic factors (Vitamin. B12)

Chief cellsReleases pepsinogen (pre-enzyme)

Chief cellsPepsinogen + HCl

Pepsin (enzyme)

Chief cellsPepsin: Protein splitter

Gastric pitsDepressions or “pits” where the glands are located in. Gastric pit communicates with gastric glands.

Disorders:Ulcers: open sore in the wall of a mucus membrane (e.g. the stomach)

http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijps/vol5n1/ulcers.xml

http://www.afip.org/consultation/vetpath/ferrets/ulcers.html