pharmacy managament

7/24/2019 Pharmacy Managament

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Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

Pharmacy Database Management System

2. PROJECT PLN

!eas"b"#"ty st$%y

O&erat"on

Techn"ca#

Cost'(ene)"t na#ys"s

System na#ys"s

System Re*$"rement

Data+!#o,+D"agram

Conte-t D!D

!"rst Lee# D!D

Secon% Lee# D!D

System Des"gn

Co%"ng %eta"#s ' &"cat"on

System Test"ng

/. 03

4"s$a# (as"c

M"croso)t ccess

CONCLUSION ND !UTURE SCOPE

(I(LIO5RP ND RE!ERENCES


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Cha&ter 1

INTRODUCTION


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Pharmacy Database Management System

Intro%$ct"on6

The main aim of the project is the management of the database of the pharmaceutical

shop. This is done by creating a database of the available medicines in the shop. The

database is then connected to the main program by using interconnection of the Visual

Basic program and the database already created.

&"cat"on6

This program can be used in any pharmaceutical shops having a database to maintain.

The software used can generate reports, as per the users reuirements. The software

can print invoices, bills, receipts etc. !t can also maintain the record of supplies sent in

by the supplier


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Cha&ter 2

PROJECT PLN


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2.1 !eas"b"#"ty St$%y

$ feasibility analysis involves a detailed assessment of the need, value and

practicality of a proposed enterprise, such as systems development. The process of

designing and implementing record %eeping systems has significant accountability

and resource implications for an organi&ation. 'easibility analysis will help you ma%e

informed and transparent decisions at crucial points during the developmental process

to determine whether it is operationally, economically and technically realistic to

proceed with a particular course of action.

(ost feasibility studies are distinguished for both users and analysts. 'irst, the

study often presupposes that when the feasibility document is being prepared, the

analyst is in a position to evaluate solutions. )econd, most studies tend to overloo% the

confusion inherent in system development * the constraints and the assumed attitudes.

2.1.1 O&erat"ona# )eas"b"#"ty

+eople are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been %nown to

facilitate change. $n estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff

is li%ely to have toward the development of a computeri&ed system. !t is common

%nowledge that computer installations have something to do with turnover, transfers,

retraining, and changes in employee job status. Therefore, it is understood that the

introduction of a candidate system reuires special effort to educate, sell and train the

staff on new ways of conducting business.

2.1.2 Techn"ca# )eas"b"#"ty

Technical feasibility centers around the eisting computer system -hardware,

software, etc. and to what etend it can support the proposed addition. 'or eample,

if the current computer is operating at /0 percent capacity * an arbitrary ceiling * then

running another application could overload the system or reuire additional hardware.

This involves financial considerations to accommodate technical enhancements. !f the

budget is a serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible.


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2.1./ Cost' (ene)"t ana#ys"s

conomic analysis is the most freuently used method for evaluating the

effectiveness of a candidate system. (ore commonly %nown as cost benefit analysis,

the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are epected from a

candidate system and compare them with costs. !f benefits overweigh costs, then the

decision is made to design and implement the system. 3therwise, further justification

or alterations in the proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of

being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at each phase in

the system life cycle.

Costs6

4ost of new computer approimately 5s. 22,00067

4ost of operating system approimately 5s. 00067

(ene)"ts6

$voids tedious typing tas%

'aster document retrieval

)aving storage space

8eeps data secure

asy to use, update and maintain


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2.2 System na#ys"s

!t is the most creative and challenging phase of the system life cycle. The analysis

phase is used to design the logical model of the system whereas the design phase is

used to design the physical model.

(any things are to be done in this phase .we began the designing process by

identifying forms, reports and the other outputs the system will produce. Then the

specify data on each were pinpointed. we s%etched the forms or say, the displays, as

epected to appear, on paper, so it serves as model for the project to began finally we

design the form on computer display, using one of the automated system design tool,

that is V!):$; B$)!4 9.0.

$fter the forms were designed, the net step was to specify the data to be

inputted, calculated and stored individual data items and calculation procedure were

written in detail. 'ile structure such as paper files were selected the procedures were

written so as how to process the data and procedures the output during the

programming phase. The documents were design ion the form of charts.

3utput design means what should be the format for presenting the results. !t

should be in most convenient and attractive format for the user. The input design deals

with what should be the input to the system and thus prepare the input format. 'ile

design deals with how the data has to be stored on physical devices. +rocess design

includes the description of the procedure for carrying out operations on the given data.

2./ System Re*$"rements


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The system services and goals are established by consultation with system user. They

are then defined in details and serve as a system specification. )ystem reuirement are

those on which the system runs.

ar%,are Re*$"rements6

4omputer with either !ntel +entium processor or $(= processor.

12/(B ==5 5$(

#0>B hard dis% drive

So)t,are Re*$"rements6

?indows @/620006A+ operating system.

(icrosoft 3ffice pac%age.

(icrosoft Visual )tudio 9.0


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2.7 Data !#o, D"agrams

$ data flow diagram is a graphical representation or techniue depicting

information flow and transform that are applied as data moved from input to output.

The ='= are partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow and

functional details. The processes, data store, data flow, etc are described in =ata

=ictionary.

Data )#o,6

=ata moves in a specific direction from an origin to destination

Process6

+rocedure s people or devices that use or transform data

E-terna# ent"ty6

This defines a source -originator or destination of system data.

Data Store6

This indicates where data is stored in the system.


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2.7.1 Conte-t D"agram

!"g. 8th Lee# D!D

!n the 0thlevel of the ='= the client reuest the +harmacy =atabase process

for some product or the medicine than the process gives the chec% availability signal

to the pharmacy =atabase for the reuested product or the medicines availability.

$fter chec%ing the availability, the =atabase sends the status to the +harmacy

=atabase process. Then the +harmacy =atabase process gives the status to the client

and according to the status the client buys the product and pays the bill and the

eternal entity $ccounts than generates the bill for the purchased product.


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2.7.2 !"rst Lee# D!D

!"g. 1st Lee# D!D

!n level one of the ='= the client select the mode of the action i.e. whether he

wants to buy a medicine or general store product. !f he selects mode as medicine than

the flow of data will be as follows

The process 2.0 i.e. medicine can enter the medicine information into the

=atabase or can retrieve the information from the =atabase. !f the medicine has to

soled, than the sales process will chec% the stoc% whether the reuested medicine is

available or not, this will be done by chec%ing the availability of the medicine and the

stoc% process will reply by giving the status of the available stoc%.. !f the reuested

medicine is available than the client will pay the bill and the account process will

generate the bill for the purchased medicine.

!f the medicine is purchased than, first the suppliers information is retrieved

from the suppliers =atabase. $fter purchasing the bill amount of the purchased


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medicine is paid by the account process and the stoc% =atabase is updated

automatically after the new medicines are purchased.

!f the client selects the mode as general store i.e. if he wants to buy a general

store product, the general store process will as% to the sales process for the reuested

product, than to chec% whether the product is available or not the sales process will

chec% the stoc% by giving the chec% availability reuest to the stoc% process and than

the stoc% process will reply by giving the stoc% status. !f the stoc% of the reuested

product is available then the client will pay the bill and in turn the $ccount process

will generate the bill for the product purchased by the client.

!f the product is purchased than the information of the supplier from whom the

product is purchased is retrieved from the supplier process by the purchase process

and if the supplier is new than the supplier information is entered in the suppliers

database.

The $ccount process also %eeps all the details of the stoc%.


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2.7./ Secon% Lee# D!D

!"g. 2n% Lee# D!D

'urther in the second level ='= the process .0 i.e. sales process is

elaborated.

!n the sale process, after selecting the mode i.e. medicine or general store the

further operation is performed. The .1 process is the (edicine sale process in this

process the patients information can be retrieved from the patient =atabase. !f the

patient is visiting for the first time than his information or detail is entered in the

patient database.

)imilarly the =octors information or detail is also entered in the =octor

=atabase, who referred to the patient. !f the patient is referred by the new =octor than

his information can be entered in the doctors =atabase.

?ith the help of the medicine sales process the patients and =octor

information can be entered or retrieved from the respective =atabase.

!f the medicine or general store product has to be sold the information is

retrieved from the sales database.


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2.9 System Des"gn

!"g. Ma"n Screen

?hen the system loaded the above screen appears.


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!"g. Master Men$

The above screen displays the option available under the (aster menu.

The options are

(edical and >eneral )tores

)uppliers =etail

it

1


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!"g. Transact"ons Men$

The above screen displays the options under the Transaction menu.

The options are

)ales

+urchase

o (edicine

o >eneral )tores

dit +urchase

19


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!"g. Stoc: Men$

The above screen displays the options under the )toc% menu.

The options are

3pening )toc%

dit )toc%

1


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!"g. Re&ort Men$

The above screen displays the 5eport menu. !t consists of reports for the (edical

department and >eneral )tores department.

The (edical department reports consists of

=aily )ales

(onthly )ales

4urrent )toc%

(edicine 4ode ;ist

1/


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The >eneral )tores department consists of

=aily )ales

(onthly )ales

4urrent )toc%

+roduct 4ode ;ist

1@


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!"g. Me%"c"ne an% 5enera# Stores

20


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!"g. Me%"c"ne an% 5enera# Stores ,"th %ata

The (edical and >eneral stores module basically deals with the information of medicine

and general store products. The minimum stoc% level can be set here as shown in above

figure. The minimum stoc% level will help the user to be warned when the stoc% level

falls below the specified value.

!n this module the product != i.e. code for each section is automatically generated. This is

done when the user clic%s on $== C? button.

The navigation buttons provided helps the user to navigate through the records. The

buttons are +5V!3:) and CAT. The option to edit, delete and save are also given so

that the user can modify the records.

21


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!"g. S$&"er;s In)ormat"on

The )uppliers module deals with all the suppliers information. This information will be

used when we want to chec% which company supplies what products. The basic

information such as address, telephone number, etc.

?henever we add new suppliers information by clic%ing on $== C? button the

suppliers != is generated automatically.

The suppliers != tetbo is loc%ed so that the user will not enter an invalid code.

22


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!"g. Sa#es Mo%$#e

2"


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!"g. Sa#es Mo%$#e ,"th Data

The )ales (odule deals with the sales of products. ?hether the product is of type

(edicine or >eneral )tore is dependent on the action selected. The option for cash or

credit sales also has been provided for the user.

!f the payment is in cash the cash balance for todays sales and total sales will be

accordingly updated. !f payment is credit then no changes will be reflected on cash

balance.

?hen we clic% on $== C? button the cash memo or credit memo number is generated

automatically.The patients information is also saved at the same time when the entire detail is saved.

This help for %eeping the details of the creditors. $long with the patients information the

doctors information, who refer the patients to the pharmacy is also %ept.

2#


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The module also gives the information about the current stoc% level and the minimum

stoc% level. !f the stoc% level falls below the minimum value it will display a critical

message, warning the user that the stoc% uantity level is low.

?e clic% on )$V to save the information and then clic% on +5!CT to print the receipt.

2


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!"g. Me%"c"ne P$rchase Mo%$#e

29


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!"g. Me%"c"ne P$rchase Mo%$#e ,"th Data

The (edicine +urchase module deals with the purchase of the medicine from the

suppliers. These medicines are then updated in the stoc% table.

Cote that the bill number and bill date is left blan% as shown on the figure above. There

are cases when the bill is sent later than the delivery of the products.

!n the above figure, user enters the suppliers code and the suppliers name automatically

is displayed.

2


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!"g. 5enera# Store;s P$rchase Mo%$#e

2/


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!"g. 5enera# Store;s P$rchase Mo%$#e ,"th Data

The >eneral )tores +urchase module deals with the purchase of the general store

products from the suppliers. These products are then updated in the stoc% table.

the bill number and bill date may be left blan% in the figure above. There are cases when

the bill is sent later than the delivery of the products.

!n the above figure, user enters the suppliers code and the suppliers name automaticallyis displayed.

2@


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!"g. E%"t P$rchase Mo%$#e


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!"g. E%"t P$rchase Mo%$#e ,"th Data

The dit +urchase (odule is for chec%ing whether the entries made were correct or not.

The user can search for particular record by entering the challan number and the date.

The navigation buttons have also been provided to move through the records. The user

can then edit the particular record and then save it.


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!"g. O&en"ng Stoc: Mo%$#e


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!"g. O&en"ng Stoc: Mo%$#e ,"th Data

The 3pening )toc% (odule deals with the initial stoc% entry when the system will be

implemented for the first time.

This module ta%es the opening stoc% of the medicine and the general store products. The

option button is provided for this purpose. ?hen selecting the respective option the

records that are available are displayed.

Then navigation buttons are also provided for moving through the records. $nd

accordingly edit the record.


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!"g. E%"t Stoc: Mo%$#e


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!"g. E%"t Stoc: Mo%$#e ,"th Data

This module deals with the new entries of the stoc%. Both the medicine and general store

products are available here. ?e can search for a particular stoc% by entering their

respective code or product !=.


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Database str$ct$re

The tables used are as follows

(edi;ist * %eeps medicine information.

>en;ist * %eeps general store product information.

)up;ist * %eeps the suppliers information.

+urch5eg * purchase register, which store information on purchase of goods for

pharmacy.

)ales5eg * sales register, which store information on sales made.

(edi)toc% * %eeps the medicine stoc% record.

>en)toc% * %eeps the general store products stoc% records.

(ed3p)toc% * %eeps opening stoc% records for medicine.

>en3p)toc% * %eeps opening stoc% record for products.

4ust!nfo * %eeps customer information.

4ash * %eeps records of cash sales.

=oc=etail * %eeps doctors information.


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2.< Co%"ng Deta"#s

The Stan%ar% Contro#s= !orms= an% Men$s

Pro&ert"es

The properties describe the appearance of the >:! component. ?hen adding a

component, the Came property should be set immediately, according to the three7letter

mnemonic naming conventions. The properties are displayed in the +roperties ?indow in

Came6Value pairs in alphabetical order.

Eent Proce%$res

$n event procedure is a piece of code that responds to events that can occur for

that object. (ost of the events are generated by the user, enabling them to dictate the

order of eecution.

!orms

The 'orm is the main stage of your application. By default, the )tandard eoption starts with a form called D'orm1D. The Came property of the 'orm should be

named with a three7letter mnemonic prefi of DfrmD. ach 'orm will be a ?indow in

your application. 4ontrols are added to the form by either double7clic%ing them in the

toolbo, or by selecting the control and drawing a bounding rectangle on the form. Eour

application may use more than one form.

To add a new 'orm to the project, either select D$dd 'ormD from the D+rojectD

menu or right7clic% the 'orms folder in the +roject plorer and select, D$ddD, and then

D'ormD.

To load a new form, use the )how method. The parameter, vb(odal, is optional.

!f used, vb(odal means that the form has focus until closed within the application.


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Stan%ar% Contro#s

4ontrols are added to the 'orm from the Toolbo. ach control has a set of

properties, and a set of event procedures associated with it. The following lists the

control, reading left to right, top to bottom as they appear in the standard Toolbo.

?hen coding the system we used a more $dvanced $ctiveA 4ontrol call MS!#e-5r"%

4ontrol.

MS!#e-5r"% contro#6

3ne of the most impressive controls of Visual Basic is the ()'le>rid control.

()'le>rid control provides all the functionality for building spreadsheet applications,

word processing applications. The ()'le>rid control is an etremely useful tool for

displaying information in a tabular form.

Eou can add a fle grid to a Visual Basic project easilyF just follow these steps

1. )elect the +roject GvbarH 4omponents menu item.

2. 4lic% the 4ontrols tab in the 4omponents dialog bo.

". )elect the (icrosoft 'le>rid 4ontrol entry in the 4omponents dialog bo.

#. 4lose the 4omponents dialog bo by clic%ing on 38. This displays the 'le >rid

4ontrol tool in the toolbo.

. $dd a fle grid control to your form in the usual way for Visual Basic controls,

using the 'le >rid 4ontrol tool.

9. )et the fle grids Ro,s and Co#sproperties to the number of rows and columns

you want in your fle grid. Eou can also customi&e your fle grid by setting such

properties as (or%erSty#e, !oreCo#or, (ac:Co#or, and so on.

)everal fle grid properties will help us here

Ro,The current row in a fle grid

Co#The current column in a fle grid

Ro,sThe total number of rows


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Co#sThe total number of columns

Te-tThe tet in the cell at -Ro,, Co#

!"g. MS!#e-5r"% Contro#

Data Entry

The ()'le>rid control is an etremely useful tool for displaying data, but it

lac%s a basic compatibility the user cannot edit single cell.

There are two approaches to editing a grids cell. The first is to place a TetBo

control on the form. ach time the user clic%s on a cell, the programs copies the contents

of the active cell to the TetBo control and lets the user edit it. The second approach is a

bit more elegant, but it involves more comple coding if u place a TetBo control with

the eact same dimensions of the cell being edited right on top of the cell, the user gets

the impression of editing a cell directly on the grid.


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To integrate the TetBo control with the ()'le>rig control, use the

Ce##0"%th= Ce##e"ght= Ce##To& and Ce##Le)t properties of the grid, which determine

the current cells dimensions and placement on the grid.

$fter the tet control is placed eactly on top of the cell, the contents of the

current cell are copied to the TetBo. ?hen the user moves to another cell by clic%ing it,

the TetBos contents are copied to that cell, and then the TetBo control is placed over

it.

()'le>rid cells support formatting, including word wrap. Eou can format tet using

these properties of fle grids

Ce##!ont(o#%

Ce##!ontIta#"c

Ce##!ontName

Ce##!ontUn%er#"ne

Ce##!ontStr":ethro$gh

Ce##!ontS">e


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2.? System Test"ng

Testing of the software as a mean of accessing or measuring the software to

determine its uality. The area of testing is one of the %ey process areas in ensuring the

uality of the software %nown as )oftware Iuality $ssurance -)I$.

Testing is done with one primary objective to ensure the uality of the software

before it is actually implemented. The main purpose of testing from developers point of

view is to gain confidence. !f no error are found at least he is sure that the product under

development is meeting it reuired goals in terms of uality.

There is no way to find when to stop testing however people have followed

certain norms and guidelines over the course of time. They are as follows

?hen the rate of finding errors has reached an acceptable level.

Based on the si&e of the system, JenoughK errors have been found where

JenoughK can be a uantitative parameter based on historical data.

(easuring coverage of testing as percentage of line eecuted divided by total

number of lines in the system. !f the percentage id below acceptable limits, then

the test plans have to be enhanced to test areas where code not been tested.

4a#"%at"on Test"ng

!n validation testing we ensure that all the data entered was displayed properly on

the view screen and that we got the epected results.


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!"g. Cr"t"ca# Error Message

!n this way all the screens were chec%ed again and again to ensure proper validation.

Integrat"on Test"ng

The last step was to integrate the various modules in the software. ?e implemented top7

down integration. The integration was performed in five steps

The main control module was used as test driver and stubs were substituted for

all components directly subordinate to the main control module.

=epending on depth first search subordinate stubs was replaced with actualcomponents.

Tests were conducted as each component with real component.

3n completion of each set of tests, another stub is replace with real component.


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!ntegration testing was conducted to ensure eecution of some subset of tests

have already been conducted had not propagated unintended side effects.

Cha&ter /

03


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/.1 0hy 4"s$a# (as"c3

Visual Basic provides more of the actual code for a programmer than any other

non7visual programming language. This ma%es it a widely used programming language

for visual applications.

!f you have ever programmed in the older B$)!4 or other command line

programming language, then you will remember that the programmer had to write the

code for entire user interface. Todays windows, buttons, lists and other application

features such as menus were not built7in to the B$)!4 programming language.

+rogrammers had to create the code for these features on their own.

$s much as /0L of a programmers time was spent writing code to create the user

interface to his applications -the visual interface. To eliminate this huge drain on a

programmers time, (icrosoft had provided Visual Basic with built7in capability to create

the user interface using nothing more than a mouse.

Visual Basic is itself a window application. Eou load and eecute the VB system

just as you do other ?indows programsF we use this running VB program to create other

programs. VB is just a tool, albeit an etremely powerful tool, that programmers use to

write, test, and run windows applications.

4"s$a# (as"c @4(A is an event driven programming language and associateddevelopment environment created by (icrosoft. !n business programming, it has one of

the largest user bases.

!t is derived heavily from B$)!4 and enables rapid application development

-5$= of graphical user interface ->:! applications, access to databases using =$3,

5=3, or $=3, and creation of $ctiveA controls and objects. $ programmer can put

together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself.

This built7in interface creation capability has had the future benefit of

standardi&ing on the user interface to ?indows applications. Today, user can move from

one window program to another and see the same basic interface tools to wor% with7

allowing them to concentrate solely on the uniue capabilities of the application.


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The bottom line is that you can create an entire application shell -the user

interface very uic%ly and then spend most of your time wor%ing on the features, which

differentiate your application from its competitor.

Today you need much more than just a languageF you need a graphical

development tool that can wor% inside the window system and applications that ta%e

advantage of all the graphical, multimedia, online and multiprocessor activities that

windows offer.

Visual Basic is such a tool. (ore than a language, Visual Basic lets you generate

applications that interact with every aspect of todays windows operating systems.

Lang$age )eat$re

!"g. 4( Integrate% Dee#o&ment En"ronment


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$ typical )ession in (icrosoft Visual Basic 9

Visual Basic was designed to be usable by all programmers, whether novice or

epert. The language is designed to ma%e it easy to create simple >:! applications, but

also has the fleibility to develop fairly comple applications as well. +rogramming in

VB is a combination of visually arranging components on a form, specifying attributes

and actions of those components, and writing additional lines of code for more

functionality. )ince default attributes and actions are defined for the components, a

simple program can be created without the programmer having to write many lines of

code. +erformance problems were eperienced by earlier versions, but with faster

computers and native code compilation this has become less of an issue.

$lthough programs can be compiled into native code eecutables from version

onwards, they still reuire the presence of runtime libraries of approimately 2 (B in

si&e. This runtime is included by default in ?indows 2000 and later, but for earlier

versions of ?indows it must be distributed together with the eecutable.

'orms are created using drag and drop techniues. $ tools palette is used to place

controls -e.g., tet boes, buttons, etc. on the form -window. 4ontrols have attributes

and event handlers associated with them. =efault values are provided when the control is

created, but may be changed by the programmer. (any attribute values can be modified

during run time based on user actions or changes in the environment, providing a

dynamic application. 'or eample, code can be inserted into the form resi&e event

handler to reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form, epands to fill up

the form, etc. By inserting code into the event handler for a %eypress in a tet bo, the

program can automatically translate the case of the tet being entered, or even prevent

certain characters from being inserted.

$ Visual Basic application can consist of one or more windows, or a single

window that contains (=! child windows, as provided by the operating system. =ialog

boes with less functionality -e.g., no maimi&e6minimi&e control can be used to provide

pop7up capabilities. 4ontrols provide the basic functionality of the application, while

programmers can insert additional logic within the appropriate event handlers. 'or

eample, a drop7down combination bo will automatically display its list and allow the


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user to select any element. $n event handler is called when an item is selected, which can

then eecute additional code created by the programmer to perform some action based on

which element was selected, such as populating a related list.

$lternatively, a Visual Basic component can have no user interface, and instead

provide $ctiveA objects to other programs via 4omponent 3bject (odel -43(. This

allows for server7side processing or an add7in model.

The language is garbage collected using reference counting, has a large library of

utility objects, and has basic object oriented support. )ince the more common

components are included in the default project template, the programmer seldom needs to

specify additional libraries. :nli%e many other programming languages, Visual Basic is

generally not case sensitive, although it will transform %eywords into a standard case

configuration and force the case of variable names to conform to the case of the entry

within the symbol table entry. )tring comparisons are case sensitive by default, but can be

made case insensitive if so desired.

Visual Basic was designed to meet all real world reuirements with its %ey features,

which are eplained as follows 7

1. vent =riven +rogramming ;anguage 7

Visual Basic ma%es it easy to locate event procedures code for controls on forms.

=ouble7clic% any control to see one of its event procedures. 'or eample, if you

double7clic% the it command button, Visual Basic opens window and places the

tet cursor in the set of lines. The event procedures code, however, doesnt do

anything until runtime.

2. >raphical :ser !nterface ->.:.! 7

!n graphical user interface user can wor% with several windows at same time,

within each window user can wor% on specific tas%. :ser can overlap windows,

hide, change si&e and locations and even shrin% down to icons. :sing mouse user

can move from one window to another, the window which is selected is an active

window, most >:! are based on 7window system, 7window is a system used for

supporting >:!.


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". =atabase 4onnectivity 7

)ome databases, such as (icrosoft $ccess, store all the related database files in a

single global file called the database file. !nside the database, the individual

groups of records and fields are called tables. 3ther database systems, such as

dBase, %eep trac% of a databases data in multiple files. ?hen you use database

such as (icrosoft $ccess, you must describe both the overall database and the

individual table name within the database that the =ata control is in use.

#. 4ontrols 7

4ontrols are tools on the Toolbo window that you place on a form to interact

with the user and control the program flow. The controls can be self generated and

can be used again and again in the same application. $s you add controls to the

'orm window, the properties window updates to show the properties for the

currently selected control. The selected control is usually the control you last

placed on the form. Visual Basic lets you see a controls properties in the

+roperties window by clic%ing to select the control or by selecting the control

from the properties windows drop7down list bo.

(ene)"ts o) Us"ng 4ISUL (SIC


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Visual Basic lets you generate applications that interact with every epect of

todays ?indows operating systems.

VBs programming language is fairly simple and uses common nglish words

and phases for the most part.

(icrosoft Visual Basic 9.0, the latest and greatest incarnation of the old

language, gives you a complete ?indows application development system in one

pac%age.

Visual Basic lets you write, edit, and test ?indows applications. VB includes

tools that can be used to write and compile help files, $ctiveA controls and even

!nternet applications.


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/.2 0hy M"croso)t ccess

$ccess is widely used by small businesses and hobby programmers to create ad

hoc customi&ed systems for handling small tas%s. !ts ease of use and powerful design

tools give the non7professional programmer a lot of power for little effort. Oowever, thisease of use can be misleading. This sort of developer is often an office wor%er with little

or no training in application or data design. Because $ccess ma%es it possible even for

such developers to create usable systems, many are misled into thin%ing that the tool

itself is limited to such applications.

)ome professional application developers use $ccess for rapid application

development, especially for the creation of prototypes and standalone applications that

serve as tools for on7the7road salesmen. $ccess does not scale well if data access is via a

networ%, so applications that are used by more than a handful of people tend to rely on a

4lient7)erver based solution such as 3racle, =B2, (icrosoft )I; )erver, +ostgre)I;,

(y)I;, or (a=B. Oowever, an $ccess Dfront endD -the forms, reports, ueries and VB

code can be used against a host of database bac%ends, including $ccess itself, )I;

)erver, 3racle, and any other 3=B47compliant product. This approach allows the

developer to move a matured applicationPs data to a more powerful server without

sacrificing the development already in place.

!eat$res

3ne of the benefits of $ccess from a programmerPs perspective is its relative

compatibility with )I; * ueries may be viewed and edited as )I; statements, and )I;

statements can be used directly in (acros and VB$ (odules to manipulate $ccess

tables. :sers may mi and use both VB$ and D(acrosD for programming forms and logic

and offers object7oriented possibilities.

The report writer in $ccess is similar to the other popular database report writer *

4rystal 5eports * but the two products are vastly different in their approach. ()=

-(icrosoft )I; )erver =es%top ngine 2000, a mini7version of () )I; )erver 2000, is

included with the developer edition of 3ffice A+ and may be used with $ccess as an


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alternative to the Net =atabase ngine. -Qarly versions of ()= and (icrosoft

change )erver actually use the Net engine to handle huge volumes of data and placed a

Dfa%eD application layer for those applications on top of it. ;ac% of %nowledge about this

fact has contributed to an undeserved disrespect for $ccess6Net family of software

products, particularly as regards DlargeD projects.

$ccessP cut and paste functionality can ma%e it a useful tool for connecting

between other databases -for eample, 3racle and (icrosoft )I; )erver during data or

database conversions. $ccess comes with various import and eport features that allow

integration with ?indows and other platform applications, several of which can be

eecuted on demand from within applications or manually by the user. 'or eample the

very compact )C+ format for sharing perfectly formatted reports with people who donPt

have the full $ccess software. !t can also easily be upgraded to (icrosoft )I; )erver.

:nli%e complete 5=B()es, it lac%s database triggers and stored procedures. !t

does allow forms to contain code that is triggered as changes are made to the underlying

table, and it is common to use pass7through ueries and other techniues in $ccess to run

stored procedures in 5=B()s that support these.


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Dee#o&ment

The programming language available in $ccess is, as in other products of the

(icrosoft 3ffice suite, (icrosoft Visual Basic for $pplications. Two database access

libraries of 43( components are provided the legacy =ata $ccess 3bjects -=$3, only

available with $ccess, and the new $ctiveA =ata 3bjects -$=3.

(icrosoft $ccess is easily applied to small projects but scales inefficiently to

large projects if applications are designed poorly.

$ll database ueries, forms, and reports are stored in the database, and in %eeping

with the ideals of the relational model, there is no possibility of ma%ing a physically

structured hierarchy with them.

3ne design techniue is to divide an $ccess application between data and

programs. 3ne database should contain only tables and relationships, while another

would have all programs, forms, reports and ueries, and lin%s to the first database tables.

:nfortunately, $ccess allows no relative paths when lin%ing, so the development

environment should have the same path as the production environment -$lthough you

can write your own Ddynamic7lin%erD routine in VB$ that can search out a certain bac%7

end file by searching through the directory tree, if it canPt find it in the current path.

This techniue also allows the developer to divide the application among different

files, so some structure is possible.

The (icrosoft Net =atabase ngine is a database engine on which several

(icrosoft products were built. $ database engine is the underlying component of a

database, a collection of information stored on a computer in a systematic way. The first

version of Net was developed in 1@@2, consisting of three modules which could be used to

manipulate a database.

NT stands forJoint Engine Technology, sometimes being referred to asMicrosoft

JET Engine or simply Jet. (icrosoft $ccess, (icrosoft change )erver and Visual

Basic use or have used Net as their underlying database engine. !t has since been

superseded, however, by (icrosoft =es%top ngine -()= and no longer eists as a

component of (icrosoft =ata $ccess 4omponents -(=$4. Net databases can be

upgraded -or in (icrosoft parlance, Dup7si&edD to an ()= database.


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Sec$r"ty

$ccess to Net databases is done on a per user7level. The user information is %ept in

aseparate system database, and access is controlled on each object in the system -for

instance by table or by uery. !n Net #, (icrosoft implemented functionality that allowed

database administrators to set security via the )I; commands 45$T, $==, $;T5,

=53+ :)5 and =53+ >53:+. These commands were a subset of $C)! )I; @2

standard, and they also applied to the >5$CT65V38 commands.?hen Net 2 was

released, security could also be set programmatically through =$3.

B$er"es

Iueries are the mechanisms that Net uses to retrieve data from the database. They

can be defined in (icrosoft IB -Iuery By ample, through the (icrosoft $ccess

)I; ?indow or through $ccess BasicPs =ata $ccess 3bjects -=$3 language. These are

then converted to an )I; );4T statement. The uery is then compiled R this

involves parsing the uery -involves synta chec%ing and determining the columns to

uery in the database table, then converted into an internal Net uery object format,

which is then to%eni&ed and organised into a tree li%e structure. !n Net ".0 onwards these

were then optimised using the (icrosoft 5ushmore uery optimisation technology. The

uery is then eecuted and the results passed bac% to the application or user who

reuested the data.


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Net passes the data retrieved for the uery in a dynaset. This is a set of data that is

dynamically lin%ed bac% to the database. !nstead of having the uery result stored in a

temporary table, where the data cannot be updated directly by the user, the dynaset allows

the user to view and update the data contained in the dynaset. Thus, if a university

lecturer ueried all students who received a distinction in their assignment and found an

error in that studentPs record, they would only need to update the data in the dynaset,

which would automatically update the studentPs database record without the need for

them to send a specific update uery after storing the uery results in a temporary table.


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CONCLUSION ND !UTURE SCOPE


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Conc#$s"on an% !$t$re Sco&e

=etailed information gathering has to be done. ?ithout that the purpose

for using the software wont be satisfied properly.

Oowever it can give good profits in the long run.

!mplementing the software reuires change in the business practices.

fficient organi&ation of all %nowledge is the analysis company and easy

analysis access and retrieval of information is possible.

!n this project we can also include B$5 43= facility using the bar code

reader, which will detect the epiry date and the other information about the

related medicines.

4ompany using this software will always be able to plan in future and

always be aware of their financial position in the mar%et.

!t leads to streamling of business processes.

The implementation and maintence costs run very high -about 2 to " L of

the companys revenue.


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