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Page 1: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross
Page 2: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross
Page 3: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross
Page 4: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross
Page 5: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross

Pharmacology Test Prep

1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers

Mario Babbin i, MD, Ph DProfessorDepartm ent of Pharm acologyRoss Medical School

Mar y Th om as, Ph DProfessor Em eritusDepartm ent of Pharm acologyUniversit y of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

Thiem eNew York • Stut tgar t • Delhi • Rio

Page 6: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross

Vice President and Editorial Director, Educat ional Products: Anne Vinnicom beDevelopm ental Editor: Julie O’MearaEditor ial Assistant: Huvie WeinreichSenior Vice President , Editorial and Elect ronic Product Developm ent: Cornelia SchulzeProduct ion Editor: Barbara A. ChernowInternat ional Product ion Director: Andreas Schaber tIn ternat ional Market ing Director: Fiona HendersonDirector of Sales, North Am erica: Mike Rosem anInternat ional Sales Director: Louisa TurrellVice President , Finance and Accounts: Sarah VanderbiltPresident: Brian D. ScanlanCom positor: Carol Pierson, Chernow Editorial Services, Inc.

Librar y of Congress Cataloging-in -Publicat ion Data

Babbini, Mario, author. Pharm acology test prep : 1500 USMLE-style quest ions & answers / Mario Babbini, Mary Thom as. p. ; cm . ISBN 978-1-62623-041-5 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-62623-042-2 (eISBN) I. Thom as, Mary (Professor of pharm acology), author. II. Tit le. [DNLM: 1. Pharm acological Phenom ena—Exam inat ion Quest ions. QV 18.2] RS97 615.1076—dc23 2014027117

Im por tan t n ote: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergo-ing cont inual developm ent . Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in par t icular our knowl-edge of proper t reatm ent and drug therapy. Insofar as th is book m ent ions any dosage or applicat ion , readers m ay rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have m ade every e or t to ensure that such references are in accordance w ith th e st ate of kn ow ledge at th e t im e of p rodu ct ion of th e book. Never theless, th is does not involve, im ply, or express any guaran-tee or responsibilit y on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage inst ruct ions and form s of applicat ions stated in the book. Ever y u ser is requ ested to exam in e carefu lly the m anufacturers’ lea et s accom panying each drug and to check, if necessary in con-su ltat ion w ith a physician or specialist , w hether the dosage schedules m ent ioned therein or the contraindicat ions stated by the m anufac-turers di er from the statem ents m ade in the present book. Such ex-am inat ion is par t icularly im portant w ith drugs that are either rarely used or have been new ly released on the m arket . Every dosage sched-ule or every form of applicat ion used is ent irely at the user’s ow n risk and responsibilit y. The authors and publishers request every user to repor t to the publishers any d iscrepancies or inaccuracies not iced . If er rors in th is work are found after publicat ion , errata w ill be posted at w w w.th iem e.com on the product descript ion page. Som e of the product nam es, paten ts, and registered designs referred to in th is book are in fact registered t radem arks or propri-etary nam es even though speci c reference to this fact is not always m ade in the text . Therefore, the appearance of a nam e w ithout designat ion as proprietary is not to be const rued as a representa-t ion by the publisher that it is in the public dom ain .

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Prin ted in the United States of Am erica by Sheridan Books 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN 978-1-62623-041-5

Also available as an e-book:eISBN 978-1-62623-042-2

This book, including all par ts thereof, is legally protected by copy-right . Any use, exploitat ion , or com m ercializat ion outside the narrow lim its set by copyright legislat ion w ithout the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecut ion . This applies in par t icular to photo-stat reproduct ion , copying, m im eograph ing or duplicat ion of any kind, t ranslat ing, preparat ion of m icro lm s, and elect ron ic data processing and storage.

Page 7: Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions and ...Pharmacology Test Prep 1500 USMLE-Style Questions & Answers Mario Babbini, MD, PhD Professor Department of Pharmacology Ross

v

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Section I: General Principles of Pharm acologyQuest ions

I-1 Pharm acokinet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

I-2 Pharm acodynam ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

I-3 Adverse E ects of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Answers and Explanat ions

I-1 Pharm acokinet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

I-2 Pharm acodynam ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

I-3 Adverse E ects of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Section II: Autonom ic Nervous SystemQuest ions

II-1 In t roduct ion to Autonom ic Pharm acology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

II-2 Adrenergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

II-3 Ant iadrenergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

II-4 Cholinergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

II-5 Ant icholinergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Answers and Explanat ions

II-1 In t roduct ion to Autonom ic Pharm acology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

II-2 Adrenergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

II-3 Ant iadrenergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

II-4 Cholinergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

II-5 Ant icholinergic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Section III: Central Nervous SystemQuest ions

III-1 In t roduct ion to Central Nervous System Pharm acology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

III-2 Sedat ive and Hypnot ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

III-3 General Anesthet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

III-4 Local Anesthet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

III-6 Ant iseizure Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

III-7 Drugs for Degenerat ive Disorders of the Cent ral Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

III-8 Neurolept ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiet y Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

III-13 Drugs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

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vi Contents

Answers and Explanat ions

III-1 In t roduct ion to Central Nervous System Pharm acology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

III-2 Sedat ive and Hypnot ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

III-3 General Anesthet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

III-4 Local Anesthet ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

III-6 Ant iseizure Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

III-7 Drugs for Degenerat ive Disorders of the Cent ral Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

III-8 Neurolept ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiet y Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

III-13 Drugs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Section IV: Cardiovascular and Renal System sQuest ions

IV-1 Diuret ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

IV-2 Drugs for Ischem ic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

IV-4 Ant ihypertensive Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

IV-5 Ant iarrhythm ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

IV-6 Ant ihyperlipidem ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

IV-7 Drugs A ect ing Hem ostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Answers and Explanat ions

IV-1 Diuret ics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

IV-2 Drugs for Ischem ic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

IV-4 Ant ihypertensive Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

IV-5 Ant iarrhythm ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

IV-6 Ant ihyperlipidem ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

IV-7 Drugs A ect ing Hem ostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Section V: Endocrine SystemQuest ions

V-1 Drugs for Hypothalam ic and Pitu itary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

V-3 Cort icosteroids and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

V-5 Drugs for Bone Hom eostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Answers and Explanat ions

V-1 Drugs for Hypothalam ic and Pitu itary Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

V-3 Cort icosteroids and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

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Contents vii

V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

V-5 Drugs for Bone Hom eostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Section VI: Respiratory, Gast roin test inal, and Hem atopoiet ic System sQuest ions

VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospast ic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

VI-2 Drugs for Gast roin test inal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

VI-3 Drugs for Hem atopoiet ic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Answers and Explanat ions

VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospast ic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

VI-2 Drugs for Gast roin test inal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

VI-3 Drugs for Hem atopoiet ic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Section VII: In am m at ion and Im m unom odulat ionQuest ions

VII-1 Histam ine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

VII-3 Nonsteroidal Ant iin am m atory Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

VII-4 Im m unom odulat ing Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

VII-5 Drugs for Arthrit is and Gout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Answers and Explanat ions

VII-1 Histam ine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

VII-3 Nonsteroidal Ant iin am m atory Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

VII-4 Im m unom odulat ing Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

VII-5 Drugs for Arthrit is and Gout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Section VIII: Chem otherapeut ic DrugsQuest ions

VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Funct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

VIII-4 Ant imycobacterial Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

VIII-5 Ant ifungal Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

VIII-6 Ant iviral Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

VIII-7 Ant iprotozoal Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

VIII-8 Anthelm int ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

VIII-9 Ant ineoplast ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Answers and Explanat ions

VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Funct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

VIII-4 Ant imycobacterial Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

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VIII-5 Ant ifungal Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

VIII-6 Ant iviral Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

VIII-7 Ant iprotozoal Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

VIII-8 Anthelm int ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

VIII-9 Ant ineoplast ic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

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ix

Preface

This book is a collect ion of m ult iple choice quest ions (MCQs) to prom ote the learn ing of pharm acology in the fram ework of preclin ical and clin ical disciplines. The m ain features of the book are the follow ing:

• The MCQs are all of the t ype that is used for the step 1 m edical board exam s in the United States and are w r it ten according to United States Medical Licensing Exam inat ion (USMLE) guidelines (i.e., pat ient-centered vignet tes). All quest ions are “one best answer”; in m ost cases, there are ve answer choices, but in som e cases six or seven answer choices are given.

• Because the MCQs are about pharm acology, each ques-t ion m ent ions a drug or a drug class either in the stem or as the answer choices.

• Each MCQ is provided w ith a level of di culty, a learn-ing object ive, the correct answer, and an explanat ion.

• There are three levels of di culty: easy, m edium , and hard.

• The learning object ive is a brief behavioral statem ent w rit ten using an act ion verb. If a student can perform that act ion , then he or she should be able to answer the quest ion correctly. The explanation includes both the reasons w hy a given answer is correct and w hy the dis-t ractors are w rong.

• Many quest ions are related to the highest levels of Bloom ’s taxonomy (e.g., in terpretat ion of data and solut ion of problem s) rather than being sim ple recall quest ions.

• For each drug or drug class, the concepts asked by the MCQs are related to m ode of act ion, pharm acokinet ics, pharm acodynam ics, adverse e ects, interact ions, or clin-ical uses.

• Most MCQs are in tegrated quest ions, and a good knowl-edge of the relevant hum an physiology, biochem ist ry,

pathology, m icrobiology, and/or elem entary clinical m edi-cine is a necessary prerequisite to determ ine the right answer to the quest ion . Therefore, the quest ion w ith it s answer explanat ion can also be used as a powerful tool for review ing and in tegrat ing the m edical science disciplines.

• The MCQs are grouped in chapters covering m ost topics presen ted in standard pharm acology textbooks. There are 20 to 50 MCQs in each chapter, totaling over 1500 quest ions.

MCQs are the learning tool m ost frequently used by m edical students. This book is in tended as an in tegrated tool for both course study and board exam preparat ion . Because the book is organ ized along clin ical rather than st r ict ly pharm acolog-ical lines, it should be useful for both step1 and step 2 exam preparat ion . Pharm acology is a fast-evolving discipline. The authors have checked sources believed to be reliable, in order to provide in form at ion that is in accordance w ith the currently accepted standards. However, the authors are aware that in several in -stances the pharm acotherapy of disease is st ill controversial. They have t r ied, as m uch as possible, to avoid quest ions ad-dressing cont roversial issues. This book is not in tended to be a subst itute for pharm acol-ogy textbooks. Students are st rongly advised to consult their textbooks of pharm acology for m ore in-depth coverage of the subject m at ter.

Mario Babbini, MD, PhDMary Thom as, PhD

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