pharmaceutical research
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Pharmaceutical Research. Exploring Biomedical Engineering. Biomedical Engineering - BME. Applying the engineering design process to problems in medicine and biology Typically requires master’s degree or PhD An extremely diverse field, in terms of content Includes people from - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exploring Biomedical EngineeringExploring Biomedical Engineering
Pharmaceutical ResearchPharmaceutical Research
Biomedical Engineering - BMEBiomedical Engineering - BME
Applying the engineering design process to Applying the engineering design process to problems in problems in medicine and biologymedicine and biology
Typically requires master’s degree or PhDTypically requires master’s degree or PhD An extremely diverse field,An extremely diverse field,
in terms of contentin terms of content Includes people from Includes people from
many disciplinesmany disciplines
Engineering Design ProcessEngineering Design Process
Biomedical ResearchBiomedical Research
Your research team has successfully developed a Your research team has successfully developed a new prescription medication called new prescription medication called ““OutstandixOutstandix,,”” which is designed to slow or stop the process of which is designed to slow or stop the process of inflammation that causes pain in patients.inflammation that causes pain in patients.
Animal testing has gone smoothly and seems to Animal testing has gone smoothly and seems to
provide relief from inflammatory pain. provide relief from inflammatory pain.
So far, no negative side effects have been seen in So far, no negative side effects have been seen in the test animals, but this drug has been shown to the test animals, but this drug has been shown to drastically reduce the levels of a protein called drastically reduce the levels of a protein called OsteopontinOsteopontin in the blood, urine and joint (synovial) in the blood, urine and joint (synovial) fluid.fluid.
ResearchResearch
Includes reading scholarly articles on the subjectIncludes reading scholarly articles on the subject
If the information is not available, design an If the information is not available, design an experiment to learn moreexperiment to learn more
Begin by researching what others have already Begin by researching what others have already learned—saves time and money!learned—saves time and money!
Biomedical ResearchBiomedical Research
Although no side effects have been seen in animal testing, it is important to research all effects of Outstandix before beginning human testing
Today, we will research what others have already learned about Osteopontin
Read the following article excerpts and take notes on the effects of Osteopontin in the body
OsteopontinOsteopontin
Inhibits formation of calcium crystals in the bodyInhibits formation of calcium crystals in the body
Inhibits cell apoptosis (cancer implications)Inhibits cell apoptosis (cancer implications)
Aids in cell migration and attachmentAids in cell migration and attachment
Present at sites of inflammation and wound healingPresent at sites of inflammation and wound healing
Very important for bone mineralizationVery important for bone mineralization
OsteopontinOsteopontin
We are going to focus on the effect that Osteopontin has on inhibiting the precipitation of calcium salts out of solution in three areas of the body—blood, urine and joint fluid
OsteopontinOsteopontin
Body chemistry is very important for the Body chemistry is very important for the maintenance of lifemaintenance of life
NaNa++, K, K++, H, H++, Ca, Ca+2+2, Po, Po4-4-, Cl, Cl--
We get these chemicals from the food we eatWe get these chemicals from the food we eat
Most are dissociated into ions, but can re-Most are dissociated into ions, but can re-associate to form different chemicalsassociate to form different chemicals
PrecipitatePrecipitate
Forming a PrecipitateForming a Precipitate
3 CaCl3 CaCl22 + 2 K + 2 K33POPO44 = Ca = Ca33(PO(PO44))22 + 6 KCl + 6 KCl
Solid Solid calcium phosphate calcium phosphate forms and drops to the forms and drops to the bottom of the glassbottom of the glass
Similar to crystallization in the bodySimilar to crystallization in the body
Calcium apatite, oxalate, phosphate…. Calcium apatite, oxalate, phosphate…. are all solid forms of calcium saltsare all solid forms of calcium salts
Research ImplicationsResearch Implications
BloodBlood — Calcium phosphate crystals that form in — Calcium phosphate crystals that form in the blood can cause a pulmonary embolism, the blood can cause a pulmonary embolism, causing immediate death; smaller crystal causing immediate death; smaller crystal formations can lead to vascular calcification that formations can lead to vascular calcification that can cause problems later in lifecan cause problems later in life
UrineUrine — Calcium phosphate crystals that form in — Calcium phosphate crystals that form in urine often lead to kidney stone formationurine often lead to kidney stone formation
Synovial (joint) fluid Synovial (joint) fluid — Crystals in synovial fluid — Crystals in synovial fluid can lead to joint problems, and severe joint paincan lead to joint problems, and severe joint pain
Vascular CalcificationVascular Calcification
Calcification can form in the blood vessels, cardiac tissue or valves of the heart, causing stiffness
Stiff vessels can fail, causing rupture; in a large artery, this can cause death
Kidney StonesKidney Stones
Joint CrystalsJoint Crystals
ReferencesReferences
Center for Biomedical Engineering Research. Updated 2012. CBER, College of Engineering, University of Delaware. Accessed July 30, 2012. http://www.cber.udel.edu/research.html
Engineering Design Challenge. Last updated February 22, 2008. NASA Lunar Plant Growth Chamber. Accessed July 10, 2012 (Source of definitions, images and other information.) http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/plantgrowth/reference/Eng_Design_5-12.html