05/01/23 1

A: COURSE STRUCTURE A: Two modules: Module 1AirWaterSewage and sewage disposalFood composition.05/01/23 2

A: COURSE STRUCTURE:cont

B: Module 2: Communicable diseases Hygiene in pharmacy

05/01/23 3

A: COURSE STRUCTURE:cont

C: Total hours: 75 hours

05/01/23 4

A: COURSE STRUCTURE:cont

D: Total units: 5 units

05/01/23 5

E: Methodology

Lecture/ discussion Brainstorming/IdeasVisitsLecturingGroup discussion Buzzing

05/01/23 6

F: Method of evaluation:Continuous assessment

examinations constitute 50% of the final grade

05/01/23 7

G: Sources of information:

1. Eric, N . Communicable diseases. 2. Banks, A.L and Hislop, J.A. A first course in hygiene.

3. Wilkie, W. Tropical hygiene and sanitation .

05/01/23 8

G: Sources of information: cont

Microbiology For Nurses – Edition Published – Bailliere Tindall and Peter M.,

Communicable diseases – Manual 2nd Edition

Medical Microbiology- Robert C,05/01/23 9

INTRODUCTION TO HYGIENE:

The practice of pharmacy profession is guided through three principles namely cleanliness, accuracy and politeness.

05/01/23 10

INTRODUCTION TO HYGIENE:cont

This subject deals with the cleanliness component.

05/01/23 11

INTRODUCTION TO HYGIENE:cont

All pharmaceutical undertakings requires as a pre condition a clean and tidy environment for the benefit of the workers, patients served and the items05/01/23 12

INTRODUCTION TO HYGIENE:contThis can be achieved through proper designing of these infrastructures in which day to day pharmaceutical activities are carried out.

05/01/23 13

AIM:

The aim of this course is to develop student’s awareness on the role of both personal and general hygiene to all pharmaceutical undertakings.05/01/23 14

OBJECTIVES:

Define hygiene and state the need for using scrupulous hygiene at all times

05/01/23 15

OBJECTIVES:cont

Explain importance of proper ventilation of factories, pharmacies, schools, public places, hospitals, and houses

05/01/23 16

OBJECTIVES:cont

Describe the process of air purification and causes of air pollution

05/01/23 17

OBJECTIVES:cont

List diseases that spread by poor ventilation, their prevention and control

05/01/23 18

OBJECTIVES:cont

List sources of water, sources of impurities of water and different ways of water purification

Explain pharmaceutical importance of water

05/01/23 19

OBJECTIVES:cont

Define sewage terminologies, composition of sources and disposal Method/treatment method

05/01/23 20

OBJECTIVES:cont

Define the term drainageList different types of drainage

05/01/23 21

OBJECTIVES:cont

List diseases transmitted through improper handling and disposal of sewage and excreta, their prevention and control.

05/01/23 22

OBJECTIVES:cont

Explain the composition of food and requisite of a balanced diet, and methods of food preservation

05/01/23 23

OBJECTIVES:cont

Classify vitamins and explain the essential characteristics of each vitamin, and minerals found in food

05/01/23 24

OBJECTIVES:cont

List the impurities of food and identify the sources of contamination of food

List diseases caused by faecal contamination of food their prevention and control

05/01/23 25

OBJECTIVES:cont

Explain the epidemiological characteristics of communicable diseases

Describe how and when diseases are spread

05/01/23 26

OBJECTIVES:cont

Explain and classify germs

05/01/23 27

OBJECTIVES:cont

Discuss individual communicable diseases with particular interest in:

Occurrence Causative agent Incubation period. Source of infection. Mode of transmission05/01/23 28

OBJECTIVES:cont

Susceptibility and resistance.

Favouring factors.Signs and symptoms.Control.05/01/23 29

OBJECTIVES:cont

Explain oral hygiene and describe dental carries

05/01/23 30

OBJECTIVES:cont State the importance of good

personal hygiene and wearing of protective garments e.g. clothes, shoes and gloves and the need for work areas to have clean and tidy benches and floor surfaces.

05/01/23 31

OBJECTIVES:cont

Set standards of cleanliness and hygiene required in pharmacy

05/01/23 32

CONTENTS:

Introduction to hygiene Composition of air

Natural ventilation Artificial ventilation In sterile product manufacturing Laminar air flow Radiation05/01/23 33

CONTENTS:cont

Tuberculosis, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, common cold, mumps and

influenza 05/01/23 34

CONTENTS:cont

Surface water, underground water and rain water. Organic and non-organic impurities of water. Filtration, distillation, reverse osmosis and ion exchange.

Water as a vehicle, solvent05/01/23 35

CONTENTS:cont

Sewage Excreta, sewage, settling tanks,

precipitation tanks, septic tanks, drainage and drain/sewer

Domestic sewage. Industrial sewage Biological method and

treatment, 05/01/23 36

CONTENTS:cont

Storm water drainage system

Fowl water drainage system.

Combined storm and fowl water system.05/01/23 37

CONTENTS:cont

Bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis, food poisoning and ascariasis.

05/01/23 38

CONTENTS:cont

Food Carbohydrates, proteins, fats,

vitamins and minerals. Vitamins, A, B, C, D, E, K,

folic acid etc. Calcium, magnesium,

chlorides, phosphorus sodium 05/01/23 39

CONTENTS:cont

Food storage/packaging.Food handlers.Drying.Smoking.Refrigeration 05/01/23 40

CONTENTS:cont

Food poisoning, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis

05/01/23 41

CONTENTS:cont

Introduction to communicable diseases, their prevention and control.

Definitions and terminology applicable in the study of communicable diseases.

05/01/23 42

CONTENTS:cont

Sources of infection.Transmission of infection.Routes of infection.Types/role of carriers in

spreading diseases.Viability of germs. 05/01/23 43

CONTENTS:cont

Parasites.Protozoa.Fungi.Rickettsia

05/01/23 44

CONTENTS:cont

Individual communicable diseases

Sexual Transmitted Infections such as, gonorrhoea, AIDS and syphilis,

Airborne diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, whooping cough, meningitis and small pox.

05/01/23 45

CONTENTS:cont

Food borne (faecal borne) diseases such as: food poisoning, bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis, ankylostomiasis, ascariasis, poliomyelitis and infectious hepatitis.05/01/23 46

CONTENTS:cont

Water borne disease such as typhoid fever, schistosomiasis.

Vector (insect) borne disease such as malaria, plague and sleeping sickness.

05/01/23 47

CONTENTS:cont

Diseases attributed to animals such as tetanus, rabies and anthrax.

05/01/23 48

CONTENTS:cont

• Definition of oral hygiene

Causes of dental carries.Prevention and control of

dental carries

05/01/23 49

CONTENTS:cont

• Personal hygiene.Sources of infection.Hygiene of premises.Cleanliness in working areasClean and tidy benchesClean and tidy floor surfaces05/01/23 50

CONTENTS:cont

Hygiene in pharmacy

05/01/23 51