UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS Faculty of Pharmacy

An Outcomes-Based Teaching-Learning Program for Pharmaceutical Calculations

2nd Semester, A.Y. 2012-2013

Course Title: Pharmaceutical Calculations Course Number: PHAR 2 Credit Units: 3 Unit lecture Contact Hours: 3 lecture hours per week, 18 weeks per semester Course Placement: First year, 2nd semester Pre – requisites: PHAR 1 Course Facilitator: Assoc. Prof. Sandra C. Sy, M.Sci., Ms. Mary Catherine C. Chua, M.Ed. Course Description: Introduces beginning students to the metrology and calculations of pharmacy. Provides insights and understanding of the language of

pharmaceutical calculations, interpretation of prescription and medication orders, fundamental concepts of pharmaceutical and pharmaco-economic calculations. Students are expected to engage in the analysis of the application of the concepts as they relate to the pharmacy practice in a variety of settings, including community, institutional, hospital and industrial pharmacy.

Approved by: Prof. Priscilla M. Torres, Ph.D. Dean Date of Approval: October 29, 2012

INSTITUTIONAL INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME (GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES)

PROGRAM INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

Academic Excellence Show expertise in the competencies necessary to the practice of profession

Demonstrate creative application of concepts and methods of pharmacy practice geared towards the advancement of various fields of Pharmacy.

1. Utilize the language of Pharmaceutical Calculations in preparing solutions and medication orders

Leadership and Teamwork Demonstrate capacity for leadership and teamwork including the ability to motivate others, to be responsible and reliable

Assume leadership roles as appropriate to the work profession and society effectively and harmoniously as members of healthcare teams.

2. Lead designated peer groups in solving problems related to Pharmaceutical Calculations

Critical Thinking, Research and Problem Solving Skills

Initiate innovative ideas and methods through research responsive to the changing needs of the society

Demonstrate critical application of principles, theories and processes in pharmacy using logical and systematic methods to provide practical solutions to real-life professional situations.

3. Demonstrate critical thinking and inquiry skills in evaluating prescriptions and medication orders

Productivity and Accountability Develop new knowledge and understanding that will contribute to nation-building and sustainable development through the processes of inquiry, research and innovation

Generate insights and new knowledge in pharmacy that will contribute to nation-building and sustainable development through drug designs and development for the prevention, diagnosis, mitigation and treatment of diseases of man and animals.

4. Provide accurate quantities and strength of pharmaceutical preparations to assure the public of its safety and effectiveness

Social and Ethical Responsibility Uphold Catholic values and moral principles reflective of a competent, committed and compassionate Thomasian in the formation of humanely progressive and healthy society

Exhibit Catholic values and moral principles reflective of the Thomasian identity as health care professionals in the formation of humanely progressive and healthy society.

5. Interpret and fill-out prescriptions and medication orders accurately by applying legal and ethical standards in the practice of pharmacy

Communication and Relational Skills Develop effective communication competencies through interpersonal skills and utilize information technology responsibly as an effective tool in exploring and expressing ideas .

Apply effective communication competencies through interpersonal skills and utilize information technology responsibly as an effective tool in exploring and expressing ideas individually and collaboratively, and in maintaining therapeutic relationships by providing drug and health related information

6. Communicate effectively to patients what is written on prescriptions and provide accurate health related information

 

 

 

INTENDED  LEARNING  OUTCOME   CONTENT   TEACHING-­‐LEARNING  ACTVITIES   ASSESSMENT    Apply  the  correct  system  of  measurement  in  carrying  out  medication  orders  (CILO  1)    Apply  accurately    the  language  of  pharmaceutical  calculations  in  carrying  out  medication  orders  (CILO  1)  

UNIT  I  Language  of  Pharmaceutical  Calculations  1.1    Systems  of  Measurement  

• International  system  of  units  • Apothecaries  System  • Avoirdupois  system  

1.2    Latin  Terms  and  Medical  Terms  used                    in  Medication  Orders  

 Work  along  exercises        Reading  text  materials  Work  Along  Activities  

 Problem  Set        Objective  Test  

Interpret  accurately  prescriptions  for  patients  (CILO  6)    Recognize  a  valid  prescription  (CILO  1)    Describe  by  group  the  different  dosage  forms  using  actual  samples  in  class(CILO  2)  

UNIT  II  Reading  Prescriptions      1.1    Parts  of  a  Prescription  

• Symbols    used  in  prescription  1.2    Types  of  Dosage  Forms  

Role  Playing      Lecture-­‐demonstration  Problem  Solving  Group  Cooperative  Group  Assignment  

Case  Studies      Case  Studies    Objective  Test  

Demonstrate  accuracy  in  interpreting,  evaluating  and  carrying  out  prescriptions  and  medication  orders  (CILO  4)    Apply  density,  specific  gravity  and  specific  volume  in  solving  problems  (CILO  1)    Use  appropriate  methods  in  expressing  the  strength  of  pharmaceutical  preparations  (CILO  1)    Evaluate  strength  and  dosage  prescribed  or  written    on  prescriptions  and  medication  orders  (CILO  5)    Apply  the  correct  method  of  diluting  and  concentrating  pharmaceutical  preparations  (CILO  1)      

UNIT  III  Fundamental  Concepts  of                                  Pharmaceutical  Calculations  

   1.1    Density,  Specific  Gravity  and  Specific                    Volume    1.2  Methods  of  Expressing  Concentration        1.3  Dosage  Calculation        1.4    Methods  of  Dilution  and  Concentration        

Role  Playing        Work  Along  Activities      Lecture-­‐Demonstration        Work  Along  Exercises  Mini  Case      Lecture-­‐Demonstration          

Reflective  Exercises        Problem  Set      Problem  Set        Case  Studies        Problem  Set          

 

 

REFERENCES:  

  Pharmaceutical  Calculations  (13th  Edition)  by  Mitchell  J.  Stocklosa  and  Howard  C.  Ansel     Boundy,J.  and  Stockert,P.  Calculation  of  Medication  Dosages:  Practical  Strategies  to  Ensure  Safety  and  Accuracy.  Philadelphia:  Lippincott  Williams  &  Wilkins,  2008     Khan,  Mansoor  A.  Pharmaceutical  and  Clinical  Calculations.  2nd  Ed.  Lancaster,  PA:  Technomic,  2000.     Pickar,  Gloria  D.  Dosage  Calculations.  Albany:  Delmar,  1999.     Rees,  J.A.,  Smith,  I.  and  Smith,  B.  Introduction  to  Pharmaceutical  Calculations.  2nd  Ed.  London:  Pharmaceutical  Press.  2005     Winfield,  A.  and  Edafiogho,  I.  Calculations  for  Pharmaceutical  Practice.  Edinburgh:  Elsevier/Churchill  Livingstone,  2005.    GRADING  SYSTEM:        

GRADING  PERIOD   QUIZZES   PORTFOLIO   LONG  EXAM   RAW  GRADE   PERCENTAGE  WEIGHT  PRELIMINARY   50%   10%   40%   100%   50%  FINAL   50%   10%   40%   100%   50%                                 FINAL  RAW  GRADE:   100%  COURSE  POLICY:    At  least  80%  attendance            Passing  rate  :  75%      

 

Calculate  the  correct  strengths  of  substances  using  alligation  in  preparing  pharmaceutical  mixtures  (CILO  3)    Calculate  accurately  the  quantities  of  ingredients  required  in  reduction  and  scale-­‐up  production  (  CILO  3)    

1.5  Methods  of  Alligation        1.6  Reducing  and  Enlarging  Formulas  

Work  Along  Exercises        Work  Along  Exercises  

Problem  Set        Problem  Set  

   Calculate  the  cost  in  selling  price  of  pharmaceutical  products  or  merchandises  (CILO  1)  

UNIT  IV    Selected  Pharmaco-­‐economic                                    Calculations  

1.1    Calculating  Mark-­‐up  and  Discount  of  Pharmaceutical  Products  

   Problem  Solving  Learning  

   Problem  Set  

TENTATIVE  COURSE  CALENDAR  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WEEK CONTENT 1 UNIT  I  Language  of  Pharmaceutical  Calculations  2 UNIT  II  Reading  Prescriptions  3 UNIT  III  Fundamental  Concepts  of  Pharmaceutical  Calculations  

Density,  Specific  Gravity  and  Specific  Volume  Methods  of  Expressing  Concentration  

4 Pharmacy Week 5 Methods  of  Expressing  Concentration

Dosage  Calculation 6 7 8 Dosage  Calculation 9 PRELIMS

10 Methods  of  Dilution  and  Concentration 11 12 Methods  of  Alligation 13 14 Reducing  and  Enlarging  Formulas 15 16 UNIT  IV    Selected  Pharmaco-­‐economic    Calculations  

Calculating  Mark-­‐up  and  Discount  of  Pharmaceutical  Products 17 18 FINALS