phan vi - he thong quan ly an toan

8/6/2019 Phan VI - He Thong Quan Ly an Toan

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PHN VI

H THNG QUN L AN TON


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MC LC

1. Tm quan trng ca h thng qun l an ton. .............................................................. 32. Yu cu v h thng. .................................................................................................... 33. Cu trc ti liu h thng. ............................................................................................ 44. Ni dung cc s tay v ti liu lin quan. ..................................................................... 55. Qun l ri ro............................................................................................................... 76. Cc bin php bo m SK- AT - MT ......................................................................... 9


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H THNG QUN L AN TON

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Tm quan trng ca h thng qun l an ton.Cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca x hi, trnh khoa hc k thut v cng

ngh ngy cng tin b; my mc thit b trn tu ngy mt tinh vi, nhng hng nm tai

nn lao ng xy ra ti cc khu cng nghip, trn cc cng trnh bin vn c xu hng

gia tng. Tn tht v ngi, ti sn v mi trng mi ngy mt ln. Sau nhiu nm tm

hiu nguyn nhn; cc quc gia, t chc, trung tm nghin cu, tp on xy dng nn

H thng qun l an ton.

H thng qun l an ton buc ngi s dng lao ng, ngi lao ng phi tun

th. C quan (T chc) phi xy dng, thit lp v kim tra vic thc hin H thng

qun l an ton trong phm vi, trch nhim qun l. Mc ch nhm phng trnh, ngn

nga v gim thiu tai nn lao ng; bo m sc khe, an ton v ngn nga nhim

mi trng.

Nhiu ngi cho rng h thng qun l an ton gy kh khn trong hot ng sn

xut, mt thi gian v tn nhiu cng sc duy tr: bi v cc quy nh v an ton vsinh lao ng c Lut lao ng, Ngh nh 06/CP; v nguy c chy n cao th c

Lut phng chy cha chy; bo m an ton sinh mng, c SOLAS 1974; bo

m an ton mi trng, c Lut Mi trng, MARPOL; ni n trnh thuyn vin,

c STCW. Vy H thng qun l an ton c cn thit?

H thng qun l an ton nng cao hn na vai tr, trch nhim, ngha v v qun l

ca con ngi trong ton b hot ng, cng vic thc hin.

c mt h thng qun l an ton hiu qu, chng ta phi lm r cc bc sau:

H thng phi tha mn, p ng iu kin g?

Cu trc ra sao?

Ni dung gm nhng g?

2. Yu cu v h thng.

H thng qun l an ton xy dng nhm tha mn, p ng theo yu cu ca thc t

lao ng sn xut, ca cc Cng c, quy nh v sc khe, an ton v mi trng. N

bao gm:


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- Chnh sch an ton v bo v mi trng.

- Qui nh v quyn hn, trch nhim, mi thng tin lin lc gia nhng ngi lin

quan n h thng qun l an ton trn b v trn tu, hay gia cc b phn vi

nhau.

- Cc hng dn v qui trnh ch dn vic thchin cc hot ng cng vic nhm

bo m an ton v bo v mi trng.

- Cc qui trnh chun b v ng ph s c khn cp.

- Cc qui trnh bo co tai nn v nhng im khng ph hp vi lut, cc qui trnh

ni b r sot v nh gi h thng.

3. Cu trc ti liu h thng.H thng qun l an ton bao gm cc ti liu sau:

Cc s tay hng dn (manual),

Cc mu bin bn (record),

Cc ti liu tham kho nh cc cng c, lut l hin hnh, n phm

chuyn ngnh, s bn v lin quan n cu trc cng trnh, s tay hng

dn s dng trang thit b

thun tin s dng, tham kho. B ti liu lin quan n h thng qun l an tonthng c phn ra nh sau:

Ti vn phng

S tay Chnh sch cng ty

S tay T chc cng ty

S tay qui trnh hot ng cng ty

S tay ng ph s c cng ty

Cc mu bin bn s dng trn cng ty

Cc ti liu tham kho lin quan

Ti cng trnh, gin tu

S tay Chnh sch cng ty

S tay T chc cng ty

S tay qui trnh hot ng ti cng trnh

S tay ng ph s c ti cng trnh

Cc mu bin bn s dng ti cng trnh


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Cc ti liu tham kho ti cng trnh

4. Ni dung cc s tay v ti liu lin quan.

S tay chnh sch cng ty

Ni dung s tay chnh sch cng ty nu r nhng yu cu ca cc quy nh v victun th ca H thng qun l an ton cng ty. Thng qua s tay chnh sch cng ty,

ngi c d khi qut ton b yu cu ca cc quy nh v nhng g m ni dung h

thng qun l an ton cng ty ang p dng.

S tay t chc cng ty

Ni dung s tay t chc cng ty nu r s t chc v h thng qun l an ton

trn cng ty v ti cng trnh. S tay s nu r chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v

mi quan h gia cc b phn, c nhn lin quan n h thng qun l an ton.

S tay qui trnh hot ng

Thng qua s tay ny, ngi c s hiu r cc hng dn thc hin cc hot ng

ti vn phng v ti cng trnh. Cc qui trnh bao gm:

- Qui trnh qun l nhn vin- Qui trnh qun l cng vic chuyn ngnh (hng hi, vn chuyn)- Qui trnh qun l An ton v Ngn nga nhim- Qui trnh qun l Bo qun-bo dng


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- Qui trnh qun l Vt t- Qui trnh qun l H thng qun l an ton

S tay ng ph s c

Vic qun l cng tc ng cu khn cp phi bao gm cc k hoch v quy trnhc duy tr, cp nht i ph vi mi tnh hung ny sinh trong qu trnh hot

ng.

K hoch ng cu khn cp cn bao gm cc kha cnh sau:

- D bo cc tnh hung khn cp c th xy ra;- T chc, trch nhim, quyn hn v cc quy trnh cho phi hp ng cu, bao gm

vic duy tr cc thng tin ni b v ra bn ngoi;

- Cc quy trnh thng tin vi c quan c thm quyn v cc bn lin quan;- H thng v quy trnh iu ng trang thit b v con ngi ca n v;- Vic b tr v quy trnh iu ng ngun lc ca bn th ba h tr cng tc ng

cu;

- H thng v cc quy trnh b tr ch thot him cho ngi, cng tc cu nn, cpcu y t;

- H thng v cc quy trnh v khc phc tc thi, cc bin php ngn nga, gimthiu v gim st tc ng ti mi trng;

- Cng tc o to cho i ng cu v din tp kim tra cc quy trnh, h thng ngcu.

- T chc hng dn ngi lao ng, khch tham quan, Nh thu.Trong cng tc ng cu, cn tun theo th t u tin sau:

- An ton cho con ngi;- Bo v mi trng;- Bo v ti sn;- Gi uy tn ca n v v Tng cng ty.

K hoch ng cu khn cp phi c cp nht v c xem xt khi c thay i

v hot ng, t chc, nhn s v t nht 5 nm mt ln trong iu kin hot ng

bnh thng.

Cc mu bin bn (record form)


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- Kim sot bo m rng cc mi nguy him nm trong gii hn c th chpnhn c.

Cc ri ro xc nh cn c phn loi theo kh nng xy ra v hu qu (tn tht)

lm c s cho vic ra quyt nh cc bin php gim thiu. Ri ro cn c duy tr mc ti thiu theo quy nh ca php lut v gim thiu thm theo nguyn l thp hp

l c th thc hin c (ALARP).

Cc dng ri ro khc nhau c th i hi phng php qun l ri ro khc nhau. Sau

y l mt s v d minh ha:

Ri ro do v tr cng vic: L ri ro v sc kho v an ton cho ngi lao

ng thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy.Hu qu gy ra c th l ngi lao ng b

thng, t vong hoc tn hi sc kho. Dng ri ro ny thng c kim sot trc

tip bi cc c nhn hay nhm ngi lao ng bao gm cc bin php:

- nh gi cc mi nguy him tim tng;- Thc hin phn tch an ton cho cc cng vic thng xuyn v khng thng

xuyn;

- Kim sot ri ro bng cch thc hin ng cc quy trnh lm vic, qui trnh cpphp lm vic v cp php hot ng;

- T kim tra thng xuyn chc chn rng h thng thit b v cc quy trnhang hot ng hiu qu.

Ri ro do cng ngh v k thut: L dng ri ro gy ra do li chc nng ca

thit b cng ngh. C hai dng li chc nng cn c xem xt l:

- Li ca thit b th hin thng s vn hnh v d nh s lng, cht lng ccthng s u ra, tin cy ca thit b, hiu sut nng lng ... Cc hu qu xu

bao gm vic khng t cc yu cu v mi trng, tiu chun ting n hoc snphm khng t yu cu;

- Ri ro do r r ngu nhin cc cht nguy him t h thng cng ngh, hu qu lpht sinh nhng m my kh c, kh chy n v gy nhim.

Nhng ri ro dng ny c nh gi bi cc chuyn gia/t chc chuyn mn v bao

gm:

- Xc nh, nh gi v qun l ri ro cho tng d n c th, qu trnh vn hnhhoc hot ng;

- Cc quy trnh xc nh mi nguy him nh HAZOP;


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- Quy trnh nh gi nh lng ri ro nh QRA.Kim sot ri ro c thc hin qua vic trin khai cc gii php gim thiu

c xut, thc hin ch bo dng, sa cha, kim nh v qun l thit b

cng nghtrn c s ri ro nh bo dng trn c s ri ro (RBM), kim nh trn cs ri ro (RBI)...

Ri ro do li ca con ngi: C th gy ra cc s c nh nhng cng c th

gy ra cc tai nn nghim trng. Quy trnh qun l ri ro dng ny bao gm

vic nh gi tnh trng ca t chc, mi trng tm l x hi, cht lng

ngun nhn lc... Phng php lun da trn c s nguyn l MTO (con

ngi-cng ngh-t chc) c th c p dng cho cc hot ng c bit nh

cng vic trong phng iu khin trung tm

6. Cc bin php bo m SK- AT - MT t c hiu qu, cc bin php bo m SK-AT-MT cn c xy dng

thnh cc quy trnh, lp k hoch, trin khai v nh gi mt cch c h thng. Cng

tc bo m SK-AT-MT c th hin trn s .

Cc bin php bo m SK-AT-MT bao gm mt s hot ng sau:

- Kim tra, nh gi h thng qun l SK-AT-MT (nh gi ni b v nh gi tbn ngoi);

- T chc gim st v o c;- Phn tch v nh gi khuynh hng thc hin SK-AT-MT;- Cc hot ng kim sot v sa cha khcphc;- Bo co;- Xem xt ca lnh o.


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Cc yu cu vSK-AT-MT

Bo co

SK-AT-MT

Chnh sch v

M c tiu

Chng trnhqun l SK-AT-

Xem xt calnh o

Hi ngSK-AT-MT

Kim tra cc binphp bo m

Gim stthc hin

o to vHng dn

Lp K hoch,

Quy trnhKim tra/kim

ton H thngQL SK-AT-MT

Thc hin Cc s liuthc hin

S BO M CNG TC SK - AT MT

Safety management system l s an ton ca ngi lao ng

phan vi - he thong quan ly an toan

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