ph local government system

PH Local Government SystemPrepared by:

ROGELIO D. MERCADO

Professor: Dr. Jo B. BitonioDPA 102 Philippine Administrative SystemL-NU, Dagupan City

Role of the Local Government in Development

Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – the territorial & political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities & make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals; provide a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization whereby LGUs shall be given more powers, authority, responsibilities, and resources.

LGUs Role in Development

(c) national agencies and offices are required to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate LGUs, NGOs,& POs before any project or program is implemented

(g) capabilities of LGUs, especially municipalities & barangays, shall be enhanced thru active participation in the implementation of national programs & projects.


(i) LGUs shall share with the national governmnent the responsibility in managing & maintaining ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction

Four Outstanding Features of the Code

• Devolves to LGUs the responsibility for delivery of basic services that have always belonged to the national government

• Grants LGs significant regulatory powers that traditionally always belonged to the national government agencies

• Significantly increases the financial resources available to LGUs thru increased IRA

• Recognizes & encourages the active participation of the private sector, NGOs, & POs in the process of governance


Sec. 16. General Welfare. – LGUs shall ensure and support preservation & enrichment of culture, promote health & safety, enhance right of people to a balanced ecology, encourage & support dev’t of appropriate & self-reliant scientific & technological capabilities, improve economic prosperity & social justice, promote full employment among residents, maintain peace & order, & preserve the comfort & convenience of inhabitants.


Sec. 17. Basic Services & Facilities. – LGUs shall discharge the functions & responsibilities of national agencies & offices devolved to them; exercise powers & discharge functions & responsibilities incidental to efficient & effective provision of the basic services and facilities enumerated

Devolved Basic Services

• Agriculture• Health• Social services• Environment & natural resources• Public works• Tourism• School building program

Structure, Powers & FunctionsSec. 3, Art. X of the 1987 Constitution:

- The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualification, election, appointment or removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of the local units.

Structure, Powers & Functions

• Sec. 4 of 1991 LGC. Scope of Application. – This Code shall apply to all provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays, and other political subdivisions as may be created by law, and, to the extent herein provided, to officials, offices, or agencies of the national government

• Cities shall be governed by their charters as long as the charters are not inconsistent with 1991 LGC . (Sec. 534(f))

Two-fold purpose of LGs: Dual Agency

• Political & Corporate Nature: (Sec. 15)– To serve as an agency or instrumentality of

the state in carrying on the functions of government which the state cannot conveniently exercise– To act as an agency of the inhabitants of the

community

Two-fold Character of LGs: Governmental & Private

• Act as agents of State for the government of the territory & the inhabitants within the LGs limits

• Act in similar category as a business corporation in the administration of local affairs beyond the sphere of public purposes for which government powers are vested like in managing public markets & cemeteries

Regulatory Powers• Power to generate & apply resources• Power of eminent domain• Power to reclassify agricultural lands (not under CARP): 15% for HUC

& Independent Component Cities; 10% for Component Cities & 1st to 3rd Class Municipalities; 5% for 4th to 6th Class Municipalities

• Power to close & open roads• Inspection of food products• Adoption of quarantine regulations• Enforcement of National Building Code• Regulation and operation of tricycles• Regulation of real estate trade and business• Licensing of cockpits & regulation of cockfighting

Corporate Powers

• To have continuous succession in its corporate name

• To sue & be sued• To have and use a corporate seal• To acquire and convey real or personal property• To enter into contracts• To exercise other powers granted to corporations

subject to limitations in Code & other laws

Types of LGUs under the 1987 Constitution

Sec. 1, Art. X:– The territorial and political subdivisions of

the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. There shall be autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as herein provided.

Types of LGUs

• Autonomous Regions – 2 regions were pre-identified but only one is existing

• Provinces – composed of clusters of municipalities or municipalities and component cities

• Cities – component (independent & dependent) and highly urbanized

• Municipalities – composed of barangays• Barangays – basic political unit

Special Type of LGU

Sec. 11, Art. X, 1987 Constitution:– The Congress may, by law, create special

metropolitan political subdivisions, subject to a plebiscite as set forth in Section 10 hereof, The component cities and municipalities shall retain their basic autonomy and shall be entitled to their own local executives and legislative assemblies. The jurisdiction of the metropolitan authority that will thereby be created shall be limited to basic services requiring coordination; PD 824(MMC, 4/76), EO 392(MMA,1/9/90, RA 7924(MMDA, 2/95)

LGU Creation Criteria

Type Land Area Population Income (in Sq. Km) (not less than) (not less than)

Province at least 2,000 250,000 20 MCity at least 100 150,000 20 MHUC 200,000 50 MMunicipality at least 50 25,000 2.5 MBarangay identified by 2,000(outside MM)

Metes & bounds 5,000 (MM)Or more or lessPermanent naturalBoundaries

Branches/Composition of LGUs

• Executive Branch – composed of Provincial Governors, City and Municipal Mayors, and Punong Barangays. Called local chief executives (LCEs), they exercise executive powers

• Legislative Branch – serves as lawmaking & consultative body; Sangguniang Panlalawigan for the province; Sangguniang Panlungsod for the city; Sanguniang Bayan for the municipality; and Sangguniang Pambarangay for the barangay

Sanggunian Composition

• Presiding Officer – Vice Governor for the province; Vice Mayor for the city & municipality; and Punong Barangay for the barangay; vote only to break a tie

• In his absence, members present may elect from among themselves a temporary presiding officer

• Other positions include the secretary, sgt-at- arms & committee chairmen (health & sanitation, education, taxation, tourism, agriculture, etc.)

Elective Officials Common to all Provinces

• Governor• Vice Governor• Sangguniang Panlalawigan:– Presiding officer– Regular members determined by class of unit– President of the Liga ng mga Barangay– President of Sangguniang Kabataan Federation– President of the Federation of Sangggunian Members– 3 Sectoral representatives: women, agricultural or

industrial workers, and 1 from other sectors(urban poor, indigent cultural communities, or disabled)

Elective Officials Common to all Cities & Municipalities

• Mayor• Vice Mayor• Sangguniang Panlungsod/Bayan:– Presiding officer– Regular members of the Sanggunian– President of the Liga ng mga Barangay– President of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation– 3 Sectoral representatives: women, agricultural or

industrial workers, and one from other sectors(urban poor, indigenous cultural communities or disabled)

Officials Common to all Barangays

• Punong Barangay• 7 Sanggunian Members• Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman• Barangay Secretary• Barangay Treasurer

Compensation of Elective OfficialsGovernor - SG 30Vice Governor - SG 28City Mayor - SG 30City Vice Mayor - SG 28(HUC),

SG 26(component city)Mun. Mayor - SG 27Mun. Vice Mayor - SG 25SP (province) - SG 27SP (city) - SG 27(HUC)

SG 25(component city)SB member - SG 24

Compensation of Barangay Officials

• Honoraria, allowances & other emoluments authorized by law or barangay, municipal or city ordinance in accordance with Code– Not less than 1,000 pesos/month for PB & 600

pesos/month for sanggunian members, secretary & treasurer

– Christmas bonus of not less than 1,000 pesos

Compensation of Barangay Officials

• Free medical and hospital care but not to exceed 5,000 pesos in case of extreme urgency

• Free tuition and matriculation fees for legitimate dependents in state colleges/universities

• Insurance coverage which includes tanods & brigade members not exceeding 20 per barangay

Powers of the LCEs• Execute all applicable laws & ordinances within

territorial jurisdiction• Appointing authority• Supervisory authority over executive officials of

unit• Issuance of executive orders• Police power• Visitorial power• Issuance of permits• Difference: mayors can solemnize marriage

Powers of the Sanggunians• Approve ordinances & pass resolutions necessary

for effective & efficient local government• Generate & maximize use of resources &

revenues for development plans, program objectives & priorities of the local government

- enact annual/supplemental appropriations; appropriate funds for specific programs, projects, services & activities

- enact ordinances levying taxes, fees & charges; grant tax exemptions, incentives & reliefs

Approval of Ordinances

• LCE may veto in writing any ordinance on the ground that it is prejudicial to public welfare

• Veto action must be communicated by LCE within 15 days (province) and 10 days (city or municipality), otherwise, it is deemed approved

• Sanggunian may override veto with 2/3 vote of all members

Approval of Ordinances

• LCE, except PB, has power to veto any particular item or items of appropriation ordinance, local development plan & public investment program ordinance or ordinance directing the payment of money or creating liability but shall not affect the other items

• Within 3 days the Sanggunian Secretary shall transmit to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for review an ordinance to determine its consistency & validity.

Issues & Concerns in Decentralization

• Perception that devolution will simply increase the powers of local bosses & warlords further entrenching them

• “absorptive capacities of LGUS:” Are they adequately prepared to assume the increased responsibilities and exercise the powers devolved to them?

Issues & Concerns

• Resistance of certain devolved agencies to devolution & subsequent moves to recentralize the health sector

• Unequal distribution of financial resources (IRA) due to not-so studied formula with cities gaining a windfall while municipalities & provinces are not able to afford the cost of devolution

Issues & Concerns• “lags” in the release of IRA• Lack of guidelines from NGs in operationalizing

devolution• Continuing need to define & clarify

intergovernmental relations• Hesitance among NGOs & POs to participate in

local governance due to continuing distrust between government & non-government sectors

• General lack of information about the Code among various stakeholders

Issues & Concerns

• Do NGOs have the capabilities to assume increased responsibilities in local governance within the framework of the Code

• Need to monitor “people empowerment provisions”; harmonize GO-NGO relations & clarify & delineate Intra-NGO relations

• 40-60 share in national revenues equivalent only to 14% of national budget

• 45-55 personnel services limitation

Organization Structure & Staffing Pattern of LGs

• Every LGU shall design & implement its own organizational structure & staffing pattern taking into consideration its service requirements & financial capability, subject to the minimum standards & guidelines prescribed by the Civil Service Commission (Sec. 76)

CSC Guidelines (MC #19, s. ‘92)

• Appropriate organizational structure & staffing pattern shall be determined & established in accordance with Section 17(Basic Services & Facilities) of the Code & priority needs identified by the LCE, Sanggunian &/or LDC; within the financial capability of LGUs taking into consideration the budgetary limitations in Sec. 325

Appointive Officials (Province)

• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Assessor, Accountant, Engineer, Budget Officer, Planning & Development Coordinator, Legal Officer, Administrator, Health Officer, Social Welfare & Development Officer, General Services Officer, Agriculturist, Veterinarian

• Optional: Population Officer, ENRO, Cooperatives Officer, Architect, Information Officer

Appointive Officials (City)

• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Assessor, Accountant, Engineer, Budget Officer, Planning & Development Coordinator, Legal Officer, Administrator, Health Officer, Civil Registrar, Veterinarian, Social Welfare & Development Officer, General Services Officer

• Optional: Architect, Information Officer, Agriculturist, Population Officer, ENRO, Cooperatives Officer

Appointive Officials (Municipality)

• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Assessor, Accountant, Engineer, Budget Officer, Planning & Development Coordinator, Health Officer, Civil Registrar

• Optional: Administrator, Legal Officer, Agriculturist, ENRO, Social Welfare & Development Officer, Architect, Information Officer

Appointive Officials (Barangay)

• Mandatory: Secretary, Treasurer, Lupong Tagapamayapa

• Optional: Community Brigade

Guidelines on Organizational Structure

• LGUs may create optional positions provided all mandatory positions were created in accordance with budgetary limitations

• Tenure of Administrator, Information Officer & Legal Officer shall be co-terminus with LCE

• May create other offices & positions provided that mandatory positions have been created & subject to budgetary limitations

Guidelines....

• Heads of departments and offices shall be appointed by the LCE with the concurrence of majority of all members of Sanggunian subject to civil service law, rules and regulations

• Qualification requirements provided in the Code shall be applied; no substitution for deficiency in education and/or experience shall be allowed

Guidelines...

• Structural Units of an Office:– Section = lowest structural unit/level composed of

at least 3 personnel– Division = second highest structural unit/level

composed of at least 2 sections– Department = highest structural unit/level

composed of at least 4 divisions

Human Resources Management

• LCE shall be responsible for human resources & development in his unit & shall take all personnel actions in accordance with the Constitutional provisions on civil service, pertinent laws, and rules & regulations thereon, including such policies, guidelines & standards as the CSC may establish

Identified Appointing Authorities in LGs

• Local Chief Executive• Vice Governor/Vice Mayor• Finance Secretary

Limitation on Appointments

• No person shall be appointed in the career service of the local government if he is related within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity to the appointing or recommending authority

Public Notice of Vacancy

• Post notices of vacancy in at least 3 conspicuous public places in the local government unit concerned for a period of not less than fifteen (15) days

Personnel Selection Board

• Assist LCE in judicious & objective selection of personnel for employment & promotion & in formulation of employee welfare policies

• Chairman & members named thru a Sanggunian resolution; also identified in agency’s Merit Selection/Promotion Plan

Compensation

• Determined by Sanggunian concerned• Increase in compensation of elective officials

takes effect after the term of office of approving officials expired

• Increases shall not exceed budgetary limitations• In accord with SSL• Elective officials are entitled to same leave

privileges including cumulation & commutation

Resignation of Elective Officials

• Deemed effective upon acceptance by:– President = for governors, vice governors, &

mayors & vice mayors of HUCs & independent component cities

– Governor = for municipal mayors & municipal vice mayors, & city mayors & city vice mayors of component citys

– Sanggunian concerned – for sanggunian members– City or municipal mayor = for barangay officials

Practice of Profession• Governors & mayors are prohibited from

practising their profession or engaging in any other occupation other than the exercise of their functions as LCEs

• Sanggunian members may practise their professions, engage in any occupation, or teach in schools except during session hours

• Doctors of medicine may practise their profession even during official hours of work only during emergencies but must not derive monetary compensation therefrom

Prohibitions• Prohibited & pecuniary interest; prohibitions

under RA 6713 (Code of Conduct & Ethical Standards for Public Officials & Employees)

• Partisan political activity• Appointment or designation in any capacity to

any public office or position during his tenure unless allowed by law or by primary functions of position

• Appointment within one year after losing in an election

• Additional or double compensation

Permission to Leave Station• Appointive officials going on official travel shall

seek permission from LCE before departure to be acted upon within 4 days from receipt

• Mayors of component cities & municipalities shall secure permission from governor

• LG officials travelling abroad shall notify Sanggunian; more than 3 months travel require Presidential approval

• Field officers of NGAs shall provide notice to LCE prior to leaving station indicating duration of travel & OIC

Annual Report

• LCEs shall submit an annual report to Sanggunian on or before March 31 of each year on socio-economic, political and peace and order conditions, and other matters concerning LGU covering immediately preceding calendar year.

• Copy of report furnished the DILG; component cities & municipalities shall also furnish copy to Sangguniang Panlalawigan

Local Fiscal Administration

• Fundamental Principles:– No money shall be paid out of local treasury without

an appropriation ordinance or law– LG funds & monies shall be spent solely for public

purposes– Local revenue generated only from sources

authorized by law or ordinance, & collection must be acknowledged properly

– Monies officially received in any capacity or occasion shall be accounted as local funds, unless otherwise provided by law

Fiscal Admin. Fundamental Principles

• Trust funds in local treasury shall not be paid out except in fulfillment of purpose for which trust was created or funds received

• Accountable officers must be properly bonded• LGs shall formulate sound financial plans, &

local budgets shall be based on functions, activities, & projects, in terms of expected results


• Budget plans shall be harmonized with national development plans, goals & strategies to optimize resource utilization & avoid duplication in use of fiscal & physical resources

• Budgets shall operationalize approved local development plans

• LGUs shall ensure budgets incorporate requirements of component units equitably


• National planning shall be based on local planning to ensure consideration of local needs & aspirations

• Fiscal responsibility shall be shared by all those exercising authority over financial affairs, transactions, & operations of LGUs

• LGUs shall endeavor to have a balanced budget in each fiscal year

Resource Generation & Allocation

• Sources of Revenue:–Local generated: business tax & other

local taxes; real property tax–Externally sourced: share in BIR

collections (IRA); share in proceeds from national wealth

IRA Distribution

–Provinces = 23%–Cities = 23%–Municipalities = 34%–Barangays = 20%

Allocation Formula

• For Province/City/Municipality– Population = 50%– Land Area = 25%– Equal Sharing = 25%

Barangays with at least 100 inhabitants shall receive a minimum of 80,000 pesos per year

Share in Proceeds from National Wealth

• 40% of gross collections of preceding FY from the following:– Mining taxes– Royalties– Forestry & fishery charges– Share of NG from any co-production, joint

venture or production sharing agreement

Share in Proceeds of GOCCs

• 1% of gross sales or receipts of preceding fiscal year; or• 40% of taxes, fees or charges that

such GOCC would have paid if not tax exempt; whichever is higher

Distribution Formula

• National wealth located in a Province– Province = 20%– Component city/municipality = 45%– Barangays = 35%

• National wealth located in two or more LGUs– Population = 70%– Land Area = 30%

Budgetary Limitations (Sec. 325)

• 45-55% limitation on personnel services• No salary rate higher than maximum fixed for

position• No appropriations for salary increase of NGA

officials & employees• Abolition & creation of positions must be in

accordance with Code & CS law, rules & regulations

Budgetary Limitations

• Occupied plantilla positions (career) must be covered by adequate appropriations

• No reclassification of positions except when position is vacant

• Creation of new positions & salary increases or adjustments shall not be retroactive

• LCE discretionary fund shall be limited to 2% of real property tax in preceding calendar year

Review of Appropriation Ordinances

• DBM for Provinces, HUCs, Independent Component Cities, & Municipalities within the Metro Manila Area

• Sangguniang Panlalawigan for Component Cities & Municipalities

Intergovernmental Relations

• NG & LGUs– President exercises general supervision over LGUs to

ensure compliance with prescribed powers & functions– Coordination of NGAs with each other & with LGUs prior

to project implementation– Provision for financial, technical or other forms of

assistance to LGUs without extra cost– Submission of monthly reports to LCEs by NGA field units– Duty of NGAs to maintain local ecological balance – Prior consultations & Sanggunian approval required prior

to project or program implementation

Relations with PNP

• LCE extent of operational supervision and control over police force, fire protection unit, & jail management personnel shall be governed by the provisions of RA 6975 or the DILG Act of 1990 & its implementing rules & regulations

LCE Powers re: PNP

• Power to direct, superintend, oversee daily functions of police investigation of crime, crime prevention activities, & traffic control

• Power to direct employment & deployment of PNP units or elements thru station commander to ensure public safety & effective maintenance of peace & order

• Authority to choose chief of police from list of 5 eligibles or recommend recall/reassign chief of police

LCE Powers re: PNP

• Authority to recommend transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP members outside LGU

• Authority to recommend appointment of new members of PNP from a list of eligibles for assignment to LGU

• Control & supervision of anti-gambling operations

• Automatic deputation of LCEs as Commission representatives

Inter-Local Government Relations

• Province thru governor shall ensure every component city & municipality acts within prescribed powers & functions; HUCs & independent component cities are independent of the province

• Governors review executive orders of mayors of component cities & municipalities; city & municipal mayors review EOs of PBs

Inter-Local Government Relations

• Municipal government may secure opinion of provincial legal officer or provincial prosecutor on any legal question

• City or municipal LCE exercises general supervision over component barangays to ensure compliance with prescribed powers & functions

• Cooperative undertakings among LGUs

Relations with POs & NGOs

• Promote establishment & operation of POs & NGOs as active partners in autonomy pursuit

• Enter into joint ventures/cooperative arrangements with POs &NGOs in delivery of basic services, capability building & livelihoodprojects, & develop local enterprises to improve productivity & income, diversify agriculture, spur rural industrialization, promote ecological balance, & enhance economic & social aspects

Assistance to POs & NGOs

• LCEs with concurrence of Sanggunian shall provide assistance, financial or otherwise, to POs & NGOs for economic, socially-oriented, environmental, or cultural projects to be implemented

Local Special Bodies

• Local Prequalification, Bids & Awards Committee

• Local School Board• Local Health Board• Local Development Council• Local Peace & Order Council• People’s Law Enforcement Board

Local Prequalification, Bids & Awards Committee

• Conduct prequalification of contractors, bidding, evaluation of bids, & recommendation of awards concerning local infrastructure projects

• Composition: LCE as chairman; Sanggunian appropriations committee chairman, Sanggunian minority representative, treasurer, 2 NGO representatives, practicing CPA, & COA representative as observer

Local School Board (LSB)

• Determine supplemental budget for public schools from real property special levy share (SEF)

• Authorize disbursement of SEF • Advise Sanggunian on education matters• Recommend changes in public school names• Consulted by DepEd on appointments of

Superintendents, supervisors, principals & other school officials

LSB Composition

• LCE & Division Superintendent/District Supervisor as co-chairmen

• Sanggunian Education Committee chairman• Treasurer• SK Federation President• President of PTA Federation• Public Schools Non-Academic personnel

representative

Local Health Board (LHB)

• Propose to Sanggunian annual budgetary allocations for operation & maintenance of health facilities & services within locality

• Advise Sanggunian on health matters• Create committees to advise local health

agencies on personnel selection & promotion, bids & awards, grievances & complaints, personnel discipline, budget review, operations review & other similar functions

LHB Composition

• LCE as chairman• Local Health Officer as vice chairman• Sanggunian Health Committee chairman• PO or NGO representative• DOH representative

Local Development Council (LDC)

• Formulate long-term, medium-term & annual socio-economic development plans & policies

• Formulate medium-term & annual public investment plan

• Formulate local investment incentives to promote inflow & direction of private investment capital

• Coordinate, monitor & evaluate implementation of development programs & projects

LDC Composition

• Barangay:– Punong Barangay as chairman– Members of the Sangguniang Barangay– NGO representatives who shall constitute ¼ of the

members of the fully organized council– Representative of the congressman

LDC Composition

• City or Municipality:– LCE as chairman– All PBs of the city or municipality– Chairman of the Sanggunian Committee on

Appropriations– Congressman or his representative– NGO representatives who shall constitute ¼ of the

members of the fully organized council

LDC Composition

• Province:– Governor as chairman– All mayors of component cities & municipalities– Chairman of the Sanggunian Committee on

Appropriations– Congressman or his representative– NGO representatives who shall constitute ¼ of the

members of the fully organized council

Relation of LDC to Sanggunian & RDC

• LDC proposals shall be submitted to Sanggunian for appropriate action; approved local development plans may be integrated with development plans of next higher level LDC

• Approved development plans of Provinces, HUCs & Independent Component Cities shall be submitted to RDC for integration to regional development plan

Local Peace & Order Council (LPOC)

• The composition and functions of the provincial, city & municipal peace & order councils shall be governed by the provisions of EO 309, s. 1988, as amended.

LPOC Functions• Formulate plans & recommend measures to

improve/enhance peace & order & public safety• Monitor implementation of peace & order

programs & projects & operation of Civilian Volunteer Self-Defense Organizations & other counter-insurgency programs/activities

• Make periodic assessments or peace & order situation & submit recommendations to NPOC

• Receive complaints against government personnel, civilian or military & endorse to concerned agency

PPOC Composition

• Governor as chairman• Vice Governor as vice chairman• Provincial counterparts of NPOC members• Sanggunian representative• 3 NGO representatives (academe, civic,

religious, youth, labor, legal, business & media organizations)

CPOC/MPOC composition

• Mayor as chairman• Vice Mayor as vice chairman• City or municipal counterparts of NPOC

members• Sanggunian representative• 3 NGO representatives

People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB)

• Receive, take cognizance of or refer complaints against officers & members of the PNP to proper disciplining authority or adjudicatory authority within 3 days from filing of complaint

• 3 members chosen by LPOC from respected members of community with one woman & another a member of the bar

Venues/Opportunities for Popular Participation

• Local sectoral representation• Local special bodies• Mandatory consultations• Recall, initiative & referendum• Partnership with NGOs & POs• Privatization• Public hearings/consultations• Focus group discussions

Challenges/Interventions/Approaches

• The challenge posed by bureaucratic institutions, systems, procedures & mindsets suffering from the inertia of excessive centralization

• Learn from innovative & creative practices developed at the local level

• Vigilance & participation of all sectors to suppress the restoration of elite-dominated politics


• Reverse the 40-60 ratio in IRA sharing system to 60-40 in favor of LGUs

• Direct transfer to LGUs of budgets of devolved agencies

• Re-examine practice of unfunded mandates • Re-examine relationship between local grantees

& PDAF-supported projects with LGUs playing greater role in planning, dispensation & use.

• Strengthen mechanisms to facilitate continuing dialogues & consultations between devolved agencies & LGUs


• Strengthen/upgrade skills & administrative capabilities of LGU officials

• Improve monitoring & evaluation systems down to the barangay level

• Develop a sound & reliable MIS• Procure more modern facilities to support

delivery of services (refrigeration of drugs/vaccines)


• Explore indigenous resources that are responsive, less costly, & more culturally sensitive

• Strong linkages with NGOs committed to community mobilization & citizen participation

• Federate community organizations to assure stronger posture

References

• Agra, Alberto C.1995 12 Basic Features of Local Autonomy. Lecture presented to the Local Autonomy Forum, Baguio City.

• Brillantes, Alex Jr. B.

1998 Decentralized Democratic Governance Under the Local Government Code: A Government Perspective, Manila: Philippine Journal of Public Administration.

References • Brillantes, Alex Jr. B.

1992 Local Government Code Encourages NGO Participation in Local Governance, Manila Bulletin.

• Legaspi, Perla E.

2001`The Enabling Role of Local Governments. QC: UP National College of Public Administration and Governance.

References

• Panganiban, Elena M.1998 Metropolitanization Within a Decentralized System: The Philippine Dilemma. QC: Center for Local and Regional Governance and National College of Public Administration and Governance.

References

• Reforma, Mila A.1998 Reforming Government: New Concepts and Practices in Local Public Administration in the Philippines, Japan: EROPA Local Government Center.

• Tapales, Proserpina D.

2003 The Nature and State of Local Government, QC: National College of Public Administration and Governance.

References • Tapales, Proserpina D.

1998 Participatory Governance: The Philippine Experience, Tokyo, Japan: EROPA Local Government Center.

• CSC MC No. 191992 Guidelines and Standards in the Establishment of Organizational Structure and Staffing Patterns in Local Government Units

References

• EO No. 5031992 Providing for the Rules and Regulations Implementing the Transfer of Personnel and Assets, Liabilities and Records of National Government Agencies whose Functions are to be Devolved to the Local Government Units and Other Related Purposes.

References

• Aralar, Reynaldo B. Administrative Law Simplified, MM: National Bookstore, 2009.

• Sibal, Jose Agaton R., Local Government Code (As Amended), 2nd Ed., MM: Central Book Supply Inc., 2005

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