ph intro sathya
TRANSCRIPT
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Public Health Theory
AndConvictions And Their Application In
AYUSH
Dr Sathyanarayana,
Feb 2013
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www.yhtphn.co.uk/win
Ground Rules!
Listen to others and value the diversity of opinions in thegroup
Be constructive
Value the differences; there are no rights or wrongs, nogood or bad Be open and honest Keep to agreed time, especially start and finish Mobile phones!
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The Public Health SystemUrban
Home Health
Parks
Economic
Development
Mass Transit
Employers
Nursing
Homes
Mental
Health
Drug
Treatment
Civic GroupsCHCs
Laboratory
Facilities
Hospitals
EMS Community
Centers
Doctors
Health
Department
Ch
urches
Philanthropist
Elected
Officials
Tribal Health
Schools
Police
Fire
Correc
tions
EnvironmentalHealth
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Core Components
ASSESSMENT
of the health ofthe community
ASSURANCE
of the publicshealth
POLICY
DEVELOPMENT
in the publics
interest
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Public Health Approach
Public Health
Model
Medical
ModelVersus
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Public health vs Clinical health
Public Health Clinical Health
Population Individual
Health Disease
Prevention and HealthPromotion
Diagnosis andTreatment
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Determinants of Health
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Determinants of Health
Genetic
Behavioral Social
Environmental
Personalhealth care
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Achievements
Vaccination
Safer Workplaces
Safer & Healthier Food
Motor Vehicle Safety
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Achievements
Control of InfectiousDiseases
Family Planning
Decline in Deaths fromHeart Disease & Stroke
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Achievements
Recognition of Tobacco
Use as a Health Hazard
Healthier Mothers
and Babies
Fluoridation of Drinking
Water
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PUBLIC HEALTH
THE PAST
&
THE FUTURE
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3 Predominant models ofhealth
Biomedical model
Traditional/Lay model ofhealth
Social model of health
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Medical Model of Health
The absence of disease and illness
Medical treatment can restore health
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Traditional/Lay concepts of
health Health is a positive concept Differs depending on e.g. age, culture,
ethnicityExample 1- .Older people - wholeness, inner strength & abilityto cope.Example 2 - Young people fitness, energy & strengthExample 3 - Middle class vs working class
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Social Model of Health Dahlgren &WhiteheadSocial Ecological Theory
Age, sex andconstitutional
factors
Agriculture
and foodproduction
Education
Work
environment
Living and workingconditions
Unemployment
Water &sanitation
Health careservices
Housing
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PUBLIC HEALTH
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PUBLIC HEALTH
DEFINITIONSPublic health is the Science and Art of preventing disease,prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency throughorganized community effort.
(C.E.A. Winslow, 1920)
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PUBLIC HEALTH
DEFINITIONS
Public health is what we, as a
society, do collectively to assure
the conditions in which people
can be healthy.
The Future of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, 1988
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Public health is the Science and Art of preventing disease,prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency throughorganized community effort for sanitation of the environment,
the control of communicable disease, the education of theindividuals in personal hygiene, the organization of medical andnursing services for early diagnosis and preventive treatment ofdisease, and the development of the social machinery to insureeveryone a standard of living adequate for maintenance of
health, so organizing these benefit as to enable every citizen torealize his birthright of health and longevity.
(C.E.A. Winslow, 1920)
Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure theconditions in which people can be healthy.
The Future of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, 1988
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THE PUBLIC HEALTH PRINCIPLES
The principle of the Aggregate
The Principle of Prevention
The Principle of Community Organization
The Principle of the Greater Good
The Principle of LeadershipThe Principle of Epidemiology
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1. The principle of the
Aggregate
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2. The Principle of Prevention
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SMOKING
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
EDUCATION &
ORDINANCING
SO INDIVIDUALS
DO NOT BEGIN
TO SMOKE
QUIT
SMOKING
CLASSES
ASSURING
THERE ARE
SERVICES TO
CARE FOR
PEOPLEWITH COPD
DUE TO A
LONG
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3. The Principle ofCommunity Organization
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4. The Principle of the GreaterGood
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5. The Principle ofLeadership
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LEADERSHIPDOING WHAT OTHERS
WONT DO.
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6. The Principle ofEpidemiology
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EPIDEMIOLOGY The systematic, objective study of the
natural history of disease. Withinpopulations and the factors that
determine the spread of disease.
Distribution and determinants of
disease/risk factors in a defined
population
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THE PUBLIC HEALTH
PRINCIPLESThe principle of the Aggregate
The Principle of Prevention
The Principle of Community
Organization
The Principle of the Greater GoodThe Principle of Leadership
The Principle of Epidemiology
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If the mission of public
health is to flourish, a
shift in values toward a
more community oriented
sense of common purpose
will need to take place.
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Move forward toward:
COMMUNITY HEALTH
PARTNERSHIPSTOWARD A NEW
PUBLIC HEALTH
PRACTICE
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Essential Public Health
Functions Assure a competent public health care
workforce.
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, andquality of personal and population-based
health services.
Research for new insights and innovativesolutions to health problems.
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Public Health Approach
Define the health problem.
Identify risk factors associated with
the problem.
Develop and test community-level
interventions to control or preventthe cause or the problem.
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Public Health Approach
Implement interventions to improve
the health of the population.
Monitor those interventions to assess
their effectiveness.
P bli I l t ti
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PublicHealth
Approach
Problem Response
Surveillance:Whatis the
problem?
Risk FactorIdentification:
What is thecause?
Intervention
Evaluation:What
works?
Implementation:How do you
do it?
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Public Health Approach
Requires the collection, analysis, and
interpretation of data to define the
problem and outline: What
Where
When
Who
How
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Public Health Approach
Requires a determination of:
Preventable or not preventable
Controllable or not controllable
Priority