LU- U -t LI

Report No. 504a-BU

Pgnrgnt Ircnne-mir Flawinim(nt

dHJU r[ ~L.jUI DUIUH1U

January 14, 1975

Country Programs Department IIEastern Africa Region

Not for Public Use

LUMA

Document of the International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentInternational Development Association

This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may notbe published, quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group doesnot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report.

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CURRENCY UNIT

The Burundi Franc (BuF)

EXCHANGE RATE

Until December 1972:

US $1.00 = BuF87.5

BuFlO = U9$1.14

Since January 1973:

US$1.00 = BuF78.75

BuF100 = US$1.27

FISCAL YEAR

January 1 - December 31

STANDARDS

Metric

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

COUNTRY DATA

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............ i............. i

I. INTRODUCTION .. .............. - 1

II. RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ................. .. 2

A. Population and Employment ..... ............. 2B. Origin and Use of Resources........: . ....... 2C. Public Finance .................... ........ 9

III. THE MAJOR SECTORS .............................. 13

A. Agriculture ....... ......................... 13Foodcrops ....... ........................ 15Coffee ........ .......................... 16Cther Cash Crops ...... .................. 19

B. Animal Husbandry ............................ 21C. Fishing ......... 21D. Minine ......... 22E. Industry ........... ........................ 22F. Trannnort .......... ........................ 23

Roads ........... ........................ 23Tn-ternntinnn] Trannnort .................

G. Education .......... ........................ 24PrimAryr Rfininti on ......................Secondary Education .................... 25Vorntinn-Al nnd Thrchnir.n1 Educration ....... 26Higher Education ....... ................. 26Education Flnanne ....... ................ 27

IV. MAJOR T.RS;TRF. AND PRORPrT.R -. 2........ ........ 8

A. Tntereasing Tnvestment and Ahbsorpt±.4e C-apaci4ty + 8B. Stimulation of Demand and Production Incentives 30C. Pro splects for fltu r A nov.I1nn mAAtn..

.AWNY 1 fnli PI6JrwM pLT AWTTMfr

Second Development PlanOutlineSa of the Se-ndwi ne.ainlnpment Plant

T.h1M of Gnntents (Continued)

STAPTISVTr.AT. AL )ThY - A.TT7"1 SA'VT'TOTTw

Rainfall and ReliefPopulation DensityCofee Growing

Road System

Thi;s report is based on the findings of a m,ss4in that visitedBurundi in November 1973. The mission was composed of AlphonseGintzburger (m,ission ch^ief ), Roger Xey- (econom,ist), GeorgesKevers (consultant), Hubert Oldenhove (consultant) and JeromeChevallier kp±.LkLng specialLstj. ,Support to the mission wasextended by Robert Maubouche (senior economist) and John Schwartz(loar. officer).

LIST OF TEXT TABLES

1. Output, and income per capita: 1967-19722. LcYtOra1 Contribut4in to G-TDP3. Distribution of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, 1966-72I4 veUI. en' and SaVLL.n5. Trend in Exports, 1967-72

6. Su. -anee of Paymaent s7. Central Government Finance8. urvev-nmuent rxAp-H re oni Lap.tial iAun.tUUI.

9. Public Sector Revenues from Coffee10. Farm Areas in Se'Lecte Regions 196911. Coffee Exports - 1965-197312. cor.io-mc U U.us 0of wUfe rroaucbion, 1972

13. Farmers' Production Cost for Coffee, 197214. DiStribution of Income rrom Cofiee urowing, l9ur-115. Price Indices for Coffee, 1968-7316. Price Indices for Cotton, 1968-197217. Area Planted, Production and Exports of Tea, 1964-7018. Production and Producer Prices for Paddy 1968-197319. Output, Investment and Savings, 1972-8020. &umnary Balance of Payments, 1972-80

I

Pg 1 of 3 pageS

Ot Y DAlTA - BURUNDI

ARAA FPIJTtA8 ^m27,880 kbLm 3,3501 Alwn (jaid-1970)

P~~~~~a _i ,,lS H1It1liTrdobjes1

EOCI INDICATOR0 S

t PER CAP U$ (ATLAS B S) 45 /a 60 / 2,720 80 80

-Dl;CRAPHICTrYIL Arth rate (por thouaid) 46 'a Lil /c 11. 7 14 40Crude death rat (per thaosand5 25 ; 20 ZE 12.14 24 17anfAO mortity rate (per thou a usve births) 150 /a 138 /c ?-71 125 Life elpectanoy at birth (yearn) 37 7 41 L 71 40 1,8

Oroso reproductim rato /2 3 1 e 2.8 /c 1.3 3.2 3.2PIolAttion growth rate LT 2.5 Li 2.1 rf 0.6 2.6 2.0P,Plation growtb rate - urban 0.9 5

A,,, atr:M ro (parcent'O-14 17/a7 / 45 2jg 23.8 15 44

15-6l L9 52 6.1 53 5465 and over 1/ 3 13.1 2 2

Ds,Andenlcy ratiO /4 0.6 0.9 /h ° J

Urban population as paroent of total 2 /a 60 7 11FA7ily plannings Na of aocoptors ontivwe (th-. 17

No. of users (% of married n) . .

r rorw (- baa) lw /; 3,e72 .. L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IO,looParoeWntas elmoyed in agrdiculture 57 77 5.. 63Perontage wunployed . 3 '' 2

MRP5rcict6

YUtioal income received by higbest 5%...Percent of national inoons reoeived by highest 20%.Paroant of -atio,l tn^n e-^^ h. I-^ -tPerownt of national inooma received by lowest h%

SUMION U O LAN!)D 2WSER*...d by top 1 of o rs ,.. .

o owd by swallest 10% of owners

BASBI ND N=TIONPopi1ation per physician 66,0(X ZI 55,830 640 40,000 /1 26,000Population per nursing person 6,080 /k 480 8.740 7- 5,740Population per hospital bed 820 750n 120 700 /1 1,200

Per capita calorie supply an % of requiresntas /5 78 So 88 /c. 122 Y8 76/,Per capita protein supply, total (grans par day]T 47 76 6, 92 63 38

Of which, animal and pulse 28 7; LO4: 56 13 Yprian rate 1-4 years Zr U. 2 Ic

gIMCATIONXa3sd /8 primary school enrollmnt ratio 1Y /i 26 Ia 111 3L Ll 77AdJulsted 79 secondary achool enroilmnt ratio I 17__ 75 371Tiara of schooling provided, first and second lovel 13 13 I 1 12Vooational, onrollmsnt as S of sec. school enrAllment 35 i 21 61 5 /Q 21Adult lit-ayr rat. % - --b

- -vrage No. of persons per room (urban) 0.6 1 0.6Percent of occupied uirts without piped water 56 . rAccess to electricity (as S of total population) .16 7Percent of tur a population connected to electricity 0.0

Redio reselvers per 1000 popula' ion 18 373 20 il4Paesengar oars per 100 population 0.8 /s 1 I/t 213 2 2 0Eilectric po-r consumption !-wh p.e.! 77' 63237k'' Newsprint conumption p.c. kg per year 17.6 0014 0

Notesa Figurea refer either to the latesat periods or to acoount of envirosmentZ temrature, body veiixt, adthe latest years. Latest periods refer In principle to dti a r reuit'orll ounrs as eistabLhe years 1956-60 or 1966-70; the latest years In prin- /6 prot tand1rda (requ nte) for *1 1 oountrte estab-cpipe to 1960 and 1970. liahd by USDA EUonomio Roaroh SerVicr e provide for a ninifm/1 The Per Capita QNP eatimate is lt market Prices for Allowance of 60 gram of total protein par da7, aM 20 graa of

y-,wr oth,r then 1960,calculated by the ase conversdon animal nd pulse protein, of which ID grimi. ihOuld be ai_I1technique an the 1972 World Imni Atlas protinl. 1toes etandarda are emuhat lower than those of 75

12 Average number or daughters per omean of reproductivo gram of total protein and 23 gram of anim Protein as anago. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~i"avar.a for the world. Proposed by ?AO in the Third World Food

& Pepulatlon growth rates are for the decades ending in Survey.1960 and 1970. /7 Som studies have euggeated that crude diath ratea of children

DL Ratio of under .5 and 65 and over age brackets to ages I throuh 4 ay be used as a first approxiaation index ofthose in labor force bracket of ages 15 through 614.P 6AO reference standards repreaent physiological ,.F a Percentage enrolld of oorresponding populatlon uf ochool agoquiresents for norsal activity and health, taking as defined for each oountry.

/a 1'C5; /7' f GhP Per c4alta is tentative; /c 1970-71; /d 1962; /e I95-I0; /f Includes mieretion, actualrtr.~0% O r=t =z2 rA,;ebcacketc 0-l1,, 17-g 'and GO nd o-eri ht… .. oulo de 5 … n

no-r -es cruackets ti those ln 15-614 age brackets; a W- employment only; /i lVCl; /k 1Ti79; / 1972; /I 1 A:7;nA-11 e taull-isment,; ,o 1,G1-63; /p 1564-66; Jg968; /r Urban only; /Lsn166; t'Yncludes 'overnment owned cars;II tia-e 0!. o'nAC, Stadnrds, which exceed minilu biological rmquirements.

RI March 21, 1,714

Page 2 of 3 pages

WvrnThJNI flTY>Tl A nftO

.R0SS NATIONAL PRODUCT IN 1970 ANNUAL RATE OF GROWTH (7. constant prices)

US $ Mln. % 1960-65 1965-70 1971

vn at Kar.et Prices 21 1c4.41L2L 10U.0Gross Domestic Investment 15.75 7-3Gross National Saving 20.11 9.4Current Account Balance 4.36 2.0 .*

Exports of Goods, NFS 31.99 14.9--ports of Gvods, NF-S 33.28 15.

OUTPUT, LABOR FORCE ANDPRODUCTIVITY IN 1970

Value Added Labor Force2 V. A. Per WorkerUSY Mln. %. t(Y % US $ %

<Lgriculture 127.0 63.8 1715 97 5 74.0 65.5fnidu-itryv 21., 10.6 11 0) 6 195,7.7 1 730n.7,ervices 51.0 25.6 34 1.9 1508.o 1333.2Uinallocated

Total/Average 199.1 100.0 1760 100.0 113.1 100.0

GOVERNMENT FINANCEGeneral Government Central Government

( Mln.) 7. of GDP (Bu F. Mln.) % of GDP197 197 196 -7 1972 197 196 -7

Current Receipts .. .. .. 2585Current Expenditure .. 2553 *-Current Surplus .. .. .)Capital Expenditures a .. .. .. 83External Assistance (net) /L 4-7

M4ONEY. CREDIT and PRICES 1966 1970 1971 1972 June19 72 1/i 3(Million FBu outstandine end npeiod)

Money and Quasi Money 1 ,371 2,204 2,609 2,537 2,680 2,935Bank Credit to Public Sector 436 863 746 821 891 727Bank Credit to Private Sector 368 929 1,174 1,202 1,o41 1,400

(Percentages or Index Numbers)

Money and Quasi Money as % of GDP .. 11.6General Price Index (April 1,1965 = 100) 109.4 119.1 124.0 128.4 127.4

Annual percentage changes In:General Price Index 3.0 -0.3 4.1 3.5 3.6Bank credit to Public Sector 9.6 -9.2 -13.6 10.1 26.4 _18.4Bank credit to Private Sector 5.4 54.1 26.4 2.4 20.3 34.5

I/ The Per Capita GNP estimate is at 1970 market prices, calculated by the same conversiontechnique as the 1972 World Atlas. All other conversions to dollars in this table areat the average exchange rate prevailing during the period covered.

2/ Total labor force; unemployed are ailocatu'* to sugbsis--. _cUlr.Excludes projects financed by external assistance for which no government capital expenditure is required.

lJ Includes only erxtrn-qai naRsinp through government budget.not availablenot applicable

Page 3 of 3 pagesTRALE PATnNTS AND CAPITAL FLOWS

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS MERCHANDISE EXPORTS _AVERAG 10-72)

i7 19/il 1972 US$Ml .(Millions US $) Coffee 19.12 82.5

Cotton 1.72 7.4Exports of Goods, NFS 31.99 26.87 28.37 Tea 0.21 0.9Imports of Goods, NFS 33.28 31 .51 33.34 Minerals 0.27 1 .2PRsource GaP (deficit ==)2. t - Skins and hide8os 21 4

Interest Payments (net) -.0.52 -1 .47 -1 .72 All other commodities 1 ?29 5.6Workers' Remittances -2.31 -2.32 -2,75 Total 23.18 lQ0 0Other Factor Payments (net) - - -

Net Transfers 8=48 10.140 10.514 EXTERRAL DEBT. DECEMBRR 31. 1973Balance on Current Account L S_7 lTT

US~ $ mDirect Foreign Investment - -

Net MLT Borrowing Public Debt, incl. guaranteed 7.2

Disbursements 1.38 0.50 0.50 Non-Guaranteed Private DebtAmortization 9.3 0.36 1 .65 Total outstanding & Disbursed

Subtotal 0.94 0.14 -1 .15 Capital C-rants -0.02 ~ 0 02 0.03 AVERAGE DPA sU _iCE RT_^f-72 Other Capital (net) -0.53 -0.75 0.93 %Other items n.e.i 2.21 1.6L±9 .3 5Increase in Reserves (+) 6.91 4.53 4.00 Public Debt, inch. guaranteed 4.5

Non-Guaranteed Private DebtGross Reserves (end year) 17.52 . 20.10 20.614 Total. outstanding & DisbursedNet Reserves (end year) 7.52 12.06 16.o5

RATE OF EXCIHANGE IBRD/IDA LENDING, (:,oveniner 197T fflliorl US 4S)(including exchange adjustments)

Through Jan 1973 IBRD IDA

US $ 1.00 = FBu 87.5FBu 1n00 = UiS 0.n 1128Ost . Disbusd 1 t1 3.2

Undisbursed - ,.1Since Feb 1973 Outstanding incl. Undisbursed 1.1 8.3US $ 1,00= FBu 78.75FBu 1.00 = US $ 0.012698

1/ Ratio of Debt Service to Exports of Goods and Non-Factor Services.

not available

not applicable

Jaiaarv 15, 1974

EPD/PRD

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

i. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 1970,per capita GDP averaged $64, of which 57% was monetary. However, for 95% ofthe population who derive their livelihood from traditional agriculture, percapita incomes probably did not exceed $45. Agriculture dominates the economy.In 1970 agricultural production accounted for 59% of GDP. By far the mostimportant element is foodstuffs, largely bananas, beans and cassava, whichaccounted for 48% of GDP. The main export crops are coffee (10% of GDP),cotton, tea and rice, although the combined contribution of these latter toGDP is less than one percent. Cash crops account for almost all export earnings.Outside agriculture, the main source of incomes are the administration and avery small industrial sector. The contribution to GDP of each of these sectorswas 20% and 4%, respectively in 1970. The stagnation of the economy has meantlittle change in sectoral composition of GDP in recent years.

ii. During the past few years, GDP failed to grow significantly. Inreal terms net output per person grew by about one percent annually from 1967to 1972 and as most of the growth was in the modern sector, rural incomesprobably remained unchanged or even fell. The modest growth performance isexplained by the low investment rate which averaged only 6.1% over the fiveyears up to 1972. If stock movements are excluded, capital formation wasonly 5.9% of GDP. Burundi has, however, continuously increased its net foreignexchange reserves since 1969. The main source of foreign earnings is coffee,which represented 80% of commodity exports from 1968 to 1972, but increasingimports have led to a resource gap which averaged $4.2 million from 1968 to1972. and which has grown everv vPar Pxpent 1972. Aid inflows have in generalcovered local as well as foreign exchange costs of projects and have, there-fore; atu-iiallv ront-rib-itt-pl to thp inrrease in t-hp rount-ry's foreign exchange

reserves.

iii. Burundi faces serious constraints to economic development., Thecountry's relatively high population causes pressure on land, most of whichis occupied. Because of the country's small size and the resulting limit-ations of ts d-ome-stic markiet, sRr-uAi dleveonloprment- Adpnds mainlyu n in-

creased exports. Coffee is the most important export crop, and, as littleheadway has so far beenr made in diversifyi.g into other crops such as teaand cotton, export earnings are liable to fluctuate with coffee prices inworld markets. M-r-r- ,because of 1hi-1, external c-rsport cost, possibil-

ities for diversification are limited to commodities with high value! relativeto weight. Internal transport is also costly because of tof the national road network, and this has prevented domestic market integra-tior.. Buruni i s very short of competent anA experienced personnel and

cannot meet manpower needs. Education programs are not geared to meet therequ4rements o-f agriculture, industry or Government services, an' the country4LaLL. L Lui .LIUU L.y CAl .CVLUtLL VLL~ ~ U LLI LJLL.

still relies heavily on technical assistance. Rational use of manpower isinAered b y -le lack of a goo' planr.ing orgaization.

- ii -

iv. Burundi offers a potential the exploitation of which could rapidlyimnrove the nrepent economic situation. The country is well suited to agri-culture, and owing to diversified ecoclimatic conditions, depending mostlyon nltituiidp nd rainf21lj c2n produce a widp range of eririi1t-iirI cornmodit-ipeThe Ruzizi valley, the Lake Tanganyika shores and the eastern savannahs aresulitbleO for onttonn rice, tobacon cuagnr canne and arnoindnutc The rcntrnl

plateaux offer excellent conditions for Arabic coffee, beans and maize, whilewheat, barley, potatoes and tea can be grorm at the highe-or elevations of the

Zaire-Nile divide. The distribution of rainfall between two rainy seasonspermits two harvests a year in mo-st places. Fishing and ani,4,al husbandry

could also be developed. Moreover, the modern industrial sector could beex.pandedn if the exploi-taton of the recently lAscovereAd--VA -ickl d si--t 4s

turns out to be justified.

v. To take up these opportunities, the Government should consider asubstantial incrtease inL- capital fO=l,atiton, whic to b-e effective , woulStin LIILOI.LiCi t~1~ LI LpI~L~. LJ.Lt~J.U1~WLL.LkLJI LU U LJ LLUUC LiVe WUU.LU

require an improvement in planning mechanisms and in the use of qualifiedmanpower. Larger inLivestmenits 'ln agriculture and in tranIsUULport ifrLasLLUcLure,

however, will bear fruit only if supported by adequate price policies inaYrIiculture.

I. INTKODUCTION

1. Burundi is a small landlocked country lying just south of theEquator in Eastern Africa some 1400 kilometers from the Indian Ocean. Itcovers 27,820 square kilometers, roughly the same as Belgium, and liesbetween Rwanda to the north, Zaire to the west, and Tanzania to the eastand south. The countryside is broken, with high mountains and deep valleys,many lakes and marshes. The climate is equatorial with two rainy seasonsand a moderate range of temperatures, though it varies markedly from placeto place depending mainly on altitude.

2. Present day Burundi once formed part of Rwanda-Urundi, which wasfirst colonised by Germany, then became a Belgian mandated territory afterWorld War I and a trust territory after World War II. The country wasadministered together with the then Rwanda, and formed part of an economicunion with the Belgian Congo. Burundi achieved independence as a constitu-tional monarchy in July 1962. The Constitutional monarchy was overthrown,and the Republic proclaimed in November 1966. President Micombero is chiefof the Government, head of the armed forces. and leader of the only politicalparty, the UPRONA.

3. Burundi is essentially an agricultural economy relying on sub-sistence farming and one principal export crop: coffee. Although rich inagricultural potential, the country has been hindered in fully euploitingits principal resource by its isolated position which makes transport toexport markets lon- and costlv. Add to t1 iis t1ie fact t!e nopuilation presslircon resources is great, thit econnrnic rtacivityv oitsile ngrirlcture is vervlini ted(, and the resulting picture is one of the poorest countries in the world.

4. Although the country is poor, it has some assets that could pro-vide a basis for growth. The agricultural notential remains largely stillto be tapped, while the recent discovery of nickel deposits may offer a goodopportunity to add a new sector to the economy. Moreover through greater useof international cooperation with neighboring countries, mostly Zaire andRwanda, Burundi's isolated nositon fin th cerntre of Africa could be turnedto advantage In making it a transit center for a large surrounding area.Nor. finally, does Burtmdi need to tackle its own develonment alone. Thedegree of the country's present poverty is such that various sources offoreivn assistance wotuld readily be forthcoming to support attempts to ex-ploit the productive potential outlined above.

II - RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS

A. Population and Employment

5. The population of Burundi was estimated to be 3.4 million in 1970.The birth rate was found to be 41 per thousand, and the death rate 20 perthousand. Despite the natural growth rate of 2.1%, it is unlikely that theactual population has grown any faster than 1%. The demographic samplesurvey indicated a high mobility among the population, with a net emigrationabroad of 1.3% of the population annually. This sample observation isconfirmed by the comparison of the 1965 and 1970 demographic surveys,which show a 4.4% increase in the population over the five year period.

6. A high dependency ratio and high density characterize the population.The average age of Burundi's population is low, as children below 15 accountfor 45% of total population. The dependency ratio is further increased bythe high net emigration, since typically it is an active male member of thefamily who migrates. The age pyramid indicates substantial depletion of themale population above 20 years old, primarily due to emigration.

7. Secondly, Burundi's population density at 136 per square kilometerof land area is very high compared to other African countries with pre-dominantly agricultural economies. The population is also unevenly distri-buted as some regions are tsetse infested; population pressure is high insome places, while good land is unused in others. The pressure on land,even with only the moderate population growth experienced, has also tendedto hold income levels to a minimum.

8. The majority of the active population is engaged in smallholderagriculture and opportunities for wage employment are extremely limited.The male population between ages 15 and 59 alone numbers 850,000 while wageemployment was 108,000 in 1971. Many of those finding employment are involvedin small-scale trading and rural crafts such as potters, carpenters andblacksmiths. The modern sector labor force is only about 61,000. Governmentis by far the largest employer with 18,000 civilian employees, and much ofthe employment in other sectors has developed in response to the demandcreated by the incomes of public servants. Because of the central role ofthe administration as a source of employment, opportunities in the modernlabor force are concentrated predominantly in the capital.

B. Origin and Use of Resources

9. GDP grew by only 2% annually in real terms in the 1967-1972 period.According to the last national accounts availablej GDP at market prices was

about BuF 19 billion, equivalent to $217.3 million, or $64 per head. On thebasisc- of estimt-ates of abricUCtural ard ---i pab.ly

declined from 1967 to 1969, rose sharply in 1970 and slightly increased inlC71 ad 1071 Per ca et e ;co^ fel l fI M 1G7 ..tvA^ _s 4n t . __7 a CU

has been constant since. The monetized share of GDP increased from 56% in1970 to 62% in 1972 mainly as a result of the growth of export crops.

- 3 -

Table 1: Output, and income per capita: 1967-1972

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

GDP at 1970 factor cost /1(in BuF. million) 16,286 15,907 15,765 17,420 17,887 17,923

% change over previousyear .. -2.2 -0.9 +10.5 +2.7 +0.2

GDP per head at 1970 factorcost (BuF.) 4,909 4,755 4,675 5,124 5,218 5,186

% change over previousyear .. -3.1 -1.7 +9.6 +1.8 -0.6

/1 Based on Mission estimates.

10. Foodcrop production accounts for about half of the domesticnroduct. The most impnnrtant rrnnC nrp harvest bpans, bananas cassava

maize and sweet potatoes. Such crops represent not only the mainstay ofthe subsistence economy, they also provide the principal cinglesource fmoney income for the farmers. The export crops, mainly coffee and to alesser extent cotton, account for about 9% of rural overall inecomae, orabout 20% of rural money income. Hence fluctuations in the value of coffeeoutput do not- cause great variat i ons in pe-r cap4ita incomes. Thewd r.an inge-

of crops provides some cushion against harvest failures and large fluctua-tions in incomes. In 1972, when coffee and cotton output failed by 22% and42% respectively, per capita incomes declined by less than 1% on average.Ir. thi14s respect -le econLomy canl be cor,sidered to be diversified to someIeItLent,LI tLhiou onl wh UagrL cuLt r

extent, though only within agriculture.

-4-

Table 2. Sectoral Contribution to GDP

Share in GDP Real Growth Rate(1970, %) (1967-1972. %)

Foodcrops 52 1.4

Export crnps 6 1.4

nthpr Aarirul tiir6 1hn

Agricuiltiire Processing 6 9=7

Other Manufacturing andConstruction 5 2.2

Government /_ 8 2.7

Other Services 17 3.3

Total GDP at factor cost 100 2.2

/7 Tncldn foeg intiuton prviin techica-asistnce± I. I- .LngL UL tZ±I ,LLV1 LL II LUL .L UVUH [ P LUVLVI Vi?' LtI1UtLLL. iUUI2 d CLVUL. LLLL U IVI11. Fvactor income in th-e modern sector of the economy accounted 'or

28% of total value added at factor cost in 1970. 1/ Only 8% of the popula-tion, ho-wever, belonged to the modern sector. This means Lhat 92% of thepopulation belonged to the peasant economy and received 72% of total factorin.comes. 2/ As a result, annuai family incomes averaged FBu 80,000 in themodern sector in 1970, and only FBu 18,000 in the traditional economy.Within the latter, income distribution was also uneven. in the provincesof Ngozi and Muyinga, for instance, the poorer 40% rural inhabitantsaccounted in 1970 for 19% of total expenditures, including consumptionon the farm, and only 7% of monetary expenditures. Over the last decade,per capita incomes have probably deteriorated in rural areas. The slowgrowth that has occurred in the country as a whole has been concentratedin the modern sector, particularly in services.

12. The country's investment rate has been consistently low. Fixedcapital formation reached a peak of 6.9% of GDP in 1971 but averaged only5.9% over the last five years. Since 1970, inventory changes have been

I/ The modern sector includes the activities covered by Tables 2-7 and2-8 of the Statistical Annex.

2/ The peasant economy includes the activities covered by Table 2-5 ofthe Statistical Annex.

PROVINCES OF NGOZI AND MUYINGAConcentration Curves of Families

as a Function of Expenditures%S Families

90 i II,

90 1 1--

801

A I I/ ,K' I .,.T' I I /1 1-160I I

6D~~~~ t I 50 7'{ < -

401 / , + I

r .' S ~~~~~~~~- 1/ 1 1 ....11_IL'i _X I 120____ _______ : j_____ I. ............... TOTAL EXPENDITURES __

20 | MONETARY EXPENDJ TIJRFS

UoF ,r 1 I -I I - I I I -- 1_ _G ; ; ! ; ! i ! i !i !

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00%

Expenc itures

World Batik 8770

-5-

suDstantlal, reflecting MmaUily U1oVtLtrLL ILL CULLt'fe sLVCoc. Thes incteasea

in 1970 and 1971 when Burundi reached the export quotas set under the Inter-national Coffee Agreement. In 9712, destocking of coffee compensated forlower production.

13. External assistance played a major role in investment between 1966and 1972, when public external sources carried out over half of total grossfixed capital formation. During the same period, the Government, includingpublic bodies, accounted for less than 20% of gross investment. The Governmentcapital budget mainly provides the local counterpart of foreign financed pro-jects.

Table 3: Distribution of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, 1966-72

By Main Sector By Agency

BuF BuFmillion % million %

Agriculture 2,536 37.1 External PublicAgencies 3,842 56.2

Mining and Industry 667 9.8 Public Sector /2 1,288 18.8

EconomicInfrastructure /1 1,478 21.6 Corporations 820 12.0

Other 2,152 31.5 Households 883 12.9

Total 6,833 100.0 Total 6,833 100.0

/1 Including Transport. Communications and Public Utilities.

/2 Including Government and public bodies.

Source: Annex Tables 2-10 and 2-11.

14. Over the past five years, domestic savings amounted to about 4%of GDP. In this period, capital inflows roughly matched the amount ofBurundi's savings. 24% of which were remitted abroad in the form of nrivatetransfers or debt repayments. In addition to their contribution to investmentfinancinge net capital assistance helped build Burundi's forei2n exchangereserves by about $10 million.

- 6 -

Table 4. Investment and Savings(BuF million)

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Fixed Investment 910 897 1265 1387 1067

Stock Changes -4 -5 113 362 -253

Net Transfers /1 337 182 157 103 143

Change in External Reserves -331 45 604 397 349

912 1;119 2;139 2;249 1-306

Financed by

Domestir Savings 414 48R7 1205 1308 379

Capital Inflows 498 632 R74 941 927

/1 Net factor incomes, net transfers and external debt amortization.

15. Burundi should aim at som diversification of its exports. Theprincipal foreign exchange earner is coffee which accounted for 83% ofmerchLan dlise export earnings in I1972 -14 1 = a. sih l- hihe proportion-- - - tha-n~ L.LA~I&U.L~~ ~A.pLJi L ~O.L IIJLL 6 ~ £1 .1. , 4- - CL a L

611 LLY it J. LLeA. p L V pL) L ±LUII L LLu

usual because of a decline in cotton production. Between 1969 and 1972urn .1 1-ee4. e A 4: romJ A Al/. v ---- _- _r o_ "la es na _ _n cofe _ _Ari --- _A

IJUULRt, L U _ sLCL U LL L 4 t I/. in Xc £11. k L J U LJAL C .1J.X 1. L I rJ _ jJLXLL:>

with much of the increase occurring in 1970. Despite the decline in coffeeproduction iLn I'll, the -su-_spension ~L of th Intrntina Cofe Organizatio,.jLLUL L.JIJl 17 1 £. LMI OUZ~PCLL.~_Lii U1. Lilt LntLernLationai. UiI. C J L 6C1LL~.L..LUL1

quota system that year permitted Burundi to export out of its stocks. In17/J, exports Uatched the estLaLd rU dLUUULtLU[i U. 2JUV LULIo representing

a 7% reduction in volume from 1972. The other main source of export earnings… t4_UtJt t _ t ~ _O -- w__

lids Dbeel CULLUot wicn [nas cUnLriDULte aDUUL 0/% oL commodity exports over thelast five years. Earnings from tea have grown rapidly but are not sizeableenough to have a great impact on the balance of payments.

16. The improvement in terms of trade experienced in 1970 as comparedwith 1967-69 was short-lived. There was a marked deterioration in 1971,followed by a slight recovery in 1972. As a resuit the capacity to importgrew on average much more slowly than exports at constant 1970 prices between1967 and 1972.

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Table 5. Trend in Exports, 1967-72(in millions of Burundi francs)

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Exports in Current Prices 1,685 1,650 1,608 2,799 2,352 2,482

Exports in Constant1970 Prices 2.334 2,308 2,552 2,799 3,119 2,900

Capacity to Import /1 1,824 1,801 1,697 2,799 2,213 2,109

Terms of Trade Index 78.1 78.1 66.1 100.0 70.9 72.7

/1 Exports in current prices deflated by price index for imports.

Source: Annex Tables 5.5 and 5.6.

17. Although imports of goods and non-factor services have fluctuatedconsiderably in recer.t years, they have increased by 9Z annually in currentprices since 1965. The level of imports is determined largely by incomesand their d4stribution Both 4nvestmrent g overnm ent expend-4 t.increased sharply in 1971 with a resulting rapid growth of imports. In 1972,the .1770 rise 4in government expend-Jiture -was almost ofse by aI 23% 4_ delnei

investment, so that overall merchandise imports rose only by 4%.

18. At the beginning of 1973, Burundi decided to revalue its currencyUby L/% a g ainsL thL[ US UU.L.LaL. LITh impact4ILL Uo LIth L uV4U'LrLUL1 ULI exApULL pLrLce

expressed in domestic currency was cushioned by a 24% increase in world coffeepr-ices.

19, Burundi's deficit on goods and services has been financed byconsiderable inflows of public aid, mainly in grant form. This aid hasprob'JaUly more than coveredL thile L'oreLgn exchiange cost ofJ 'LILvestment projUtCLs.Burundi's net foreign assets have continuously increased since 1968 and,at the end of 1973, amounted to $21 million, equivalent to more tnan 7months of 1973 estimated imports of goods and non factor services.

T a~-8

(BuF million)

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Exports of goods and nonL rt C U bLc tIUJ i I AC AO LI,7n -LJL L). 0L)factor serLV'ces 1685J I .. LV 165 160 2799 2352 2482

.L UpL-L 01. YVUUU5 aflU LUUI

factor services 1854 2143 2013 2912 2757 2918

Resource balance -169 -492 -405 -113 -405 -435

Net factor services -991 -1183 -1053 -1171 -1357 -1155

Current transfers 696 875 905 1053 1251 1156

Current account balance -464 -800 -553 -232 -512 -434

Capital inflow,net 275 469 598 836 909 783

Change in reserves +189 +331 -45 -604 -397 -349

(+ = decrease)

Source: Annex Table 5-10.

-9-

C. Public Finance

20. Public sector 1/ activities probably expanded slightly fasterthan the rest of the economy over the five years prior to 1972, both interms of employment and of budgetary expenditures. Civilian employment inthe public sector rose consistently from under 20,000 in 1966 to over 22,500in 1971, but fell in 1972, largely as a result of the political events of thatyear. The share of Government services, including foreign public institutionsin GDP was just less than 8% in 1967 but just under 9% in 1971. The financialsituation of the Central Government has not been too tight during recentyears. Since 1969. budgetary current receipts have exceeded current expendi-tures, and in two years surpluses have been available to finance a developmentprogram. Not all current expenditures pass through the ordinary budget, norall current revenues; many current transactions pass through the extraordinarybudget.

Table 7. Central Government Finance(Bu F millions)

1969 1970 1971 1972

Current revenue 1782 2175 2442 2585

Current expenditure /1 1613 2151 2191 2553

Current balance 169 24 251 32

Capital expenditure 219 211 153 83

Overall balance -50 -187 98 -51

Domestic borrowing 40 170 80 98

Foreign borrowing 10 17 -18 -47

/ t r,cudi.g epar.tof arrears.

91 ~renlra r.venme*- revnu '-a r-se rale 'as', __as _ a _ reuto~~-. . ~ I~~%. L ~ &I~ LJ0& LaL&AIL~~a L~.LU

favorable coffee export prices. The incidence of increased taxation hasallen UlargeLy on the ruraL co--unity. FUrom 1969 L 1972 couiee tax accounted

for 38% of increased current revenue. In 1969, export duties which bear al-most eutiLreLy o. coffee exports -were exceptionally low at Bu F 1vi million;

1/ Includes Central and local Governments, the Agricultural ResearchOrganization (ISABU). the Coffee Marketing Organization (OCIBU), theSocial Security System (INSS), the Central, Savings, and DevelopmentBanks (BRB. CADEBU, and BNDE). and various Dublic utilities suRh asREGIDESO.

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the average from 1965-68 had been Bu F 195 million. Since 1970 the yieldshave been substantially higher and reached Bu F 402 million in 1972. Govern-ment policy has been to increase tax rates when coffee prices rise. Thefarmer has not benefited from the increase in prices of coffee exports. Otheritems of taxation which have fallen on the rural community are the poll taxand the excise tax on beer. From 1969 to 1972 the poll tax yielded an averageBu F 235 million, while the proceeds of the beer tax amounted to Bu F 345 mil-lion, or about 15 percent of Government revenue. Despite the fast rise inrevenue, there may have been less efficient collection, particularly of thepoll tax whose yield has declined regularly since 1969. Furthermore directtaxes on incomes and property rose more slowly than monetary GDP in currentterms.

22. Government current expenditure has grown since 1969 at ratesaveraging 18% per year, or about 7% in real terms excluding repayment ofarrears. Much of the increase in expenditure in 1972 was directed towardsnational security. For example, ordinary budget revenue excluding arrearsrose Bu F 486 million from 1969 to 1972 of which Bu F 194 million was forsecurity. Other principal increases in expenditure were for general adminis-tration (Bu F 153 million), education (Bu F 84 million) and public works(Bu F 64 million.) Expenditure on education now accounts for around 23% ofthe ordinary budget. Most of the increase in this latter expenditure hasbeen for primary education; even though many schools are operated by re-ligious missions, the Government pays most of the wage bill. There has beenlittle increase in ordinary budget expenditure on economic services in re-cent years and virtually none for agriculture. Many agricultural servicesare financed by extra-budgetary sources (earmarked taxes, foreign assistance).

23. Preparation and planning of investment by the Government has beeninadequate. In a number of cases the benefits of projects have been lostthrough insufficient expenditure on and manning of projects when completed.In this respect the links between the current and the capital budgets shouldbe more carefully reviewed. Another result of inadequate preparation hasbeen a decline in Government capital expenditure. Simultaneously, the levelof investment in the country has risen- and the Government's share in thetotal has therefore declined substantially.

Table 8: Government Expenditure on Capital Account(Bu F million)

1969 1970 1971 1972

Extraordinary budget expenditureof which 108 108 91 97

(agriculture) ( 26) ( 33) (17) (63)

(transport) ( 42) ( 29) (36) (21)

Other expenditures /1 111 103 62 -14

Total 219 211 153 83

/1 Including net loans.

24. The public sector receives in total ten different levies on coffee,of which only the export duties and the small taxe statistique are part ofcentral government revenues. Revenues from coffee have fluctuated ratherwidely in recent years, pinpointing one of the dangers of dependence on onecrop.

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Table 9: Public Sector Revenues from Coffee(Bu F million)

1968/69 1969/70 1970/71 1971/79 lQ72/73

Government 128 0 44=6 345.7 298.5 398.4

Export duty ? 128.0 44-6 345.7 298.5 398 .4Statistical tax)

Public Sector (OCIBU) 48.7 53.9 265.0 36.9 135.2

"Taxe remuneratoire" 42.7 41.5 56.9 70.1 58.9

"Taxe de propagande" 4.8 4.1 6.5 7.2 5.5

Ngozi Project 147 Tax - - 9.4 10.5 8.0

Diversification Tax - 7.8 12.4 17.5 13.4

Tax for repayment of FED loan - - 43.4 42.5 -

ICO due - - 51.4 - -

"Taxe de selection" 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7

Equalisation Fund - - 84.2 -111.8 48.7

Total 176.7 98.5 610.7 335.4 533.6

Source: OCIBU and Banque de la Republique du Burundi.

25. In summary, Burundi's finances depend directly and indirectly oncoffee to a considerable extent, and have been in a strong position in recentyears. in future even if revenues from coffee are not quickly growing theywill remain a solid tax base. With efficient collection of taxes and controlof expenditure, the Government should be able to finance larger current andcapital expenditure. The allocation of resources between sectors and betweencurrent and capital budgets needs to be planned more carefully than in thepast.

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PART III - THE MAJOR SECTORS

A. Agriculture

26. Burundi is well suited to agriculture. Owing to diversified eco-climatic conditions, depending mostly on altitude and rainfall, Burundi canproduce a wide range of agricultural commodities. The Ruzizi valley, theLake Tanganyika shores and the eastern savannahs are suitable for cotton,rice, tobacco, sugar cane and groundnuts. The central plateaux offer ex-cellent conditions for Arabic coffee, beans and maize, while wheat, barley,potatoes and tea can be grown at the higher elevations of the Zaire-Niledivide. The distribution of rainfall between two rainy seasons permits twoharvests a year in most places.

27. Land availability is undoubtedly a constraint on Burundi's agricul-tural development. The importance of this constraint, however, should not beexaggerated. Just under two-fifths of Burundi's total area is cultivated, andjust over two-fifths is used for grazing. The remainder includes barren land,tsetse infested areas and forests. Cultivated land could be udeutilized moreintensively, as about 30% of it lies fallow, and part of the pastures could bebroueht under cultivation. In addition" new land can be opened up for settle-ment by eradicating tsetse flies in the East of the country. This is likelyto be economically iustified in view of the low rost of tsetse fly eradication.

28; As a result of population pressure on resources peasant farmers havedisplayed a strong response to price incentives and to extension efforts. Forexample, peasant farmers reacted strongly to an i-crease in the price of coffeein 1970 and again in 1973. Changes in producer prices have generally resultedin a movement of production in the same d4rection. The extensior service ofthe IDA-financed coffee improvement project achieved satisfactory results, insnite of a llmited staff (1 ex.tenrsion worker for 900 coffee growers scatteredover 4 to 5 hills), and of coffee prices declining in real terms.

29. The nutrition status of the majority of people in rural areas ispoor Only 88% of the re-uiraements in calories are met, which severe1y con-strains the adults' work effort. Moreover, the diet is very deficient innrnrtins anA fata wjhich hits particu larly children. The death rat- of childrenbetween 1 and 4 is estimated at 48 per thousand which is over 40 times higherthan the US rate. This rate is r.ot due or.ly to a lack of medi4cal facil4ti4es,but mainly to post-weaning malnutrition; infant mortality is about 140 perthousand in Burur.di, a figure 6 times higher than in the U.ited States.Breast-fed infants - the rule in Burundi - are shielded from disease by theirmother's milk, Wi ch contains almost a llthe required nutrients.

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Once weaned, children suffer from inadequacy of food often indigestible andtoo low in proteins. As a result, many die of diseases such as measles,that would not be fatal had they been properly fed.

30. The fact that farm equipment is rudimentary aggravates the nutri-tion constraint on work effort. Only hand tools are in general use, theprincipal ones being a simple hoe, a mattock and a large cutting knife;therp i nn tranqnnrt Peniinment whatqnpvpr Fir.tlv thin impnoses a mawi-mum on the area that can be tended by a family, as hired labor is hardlyresorted to- AQ a resulft, the size of oripcltural holdings is directlyrelated to the number of actives by exploitation, and the average area peract-1-itve v-,a ries withir.n n inti Both sltn 1 nmm littl affece-bA poul

density. According to a survey carried out in 1969, agricultural holdingsaveraged 0.9 hectare in the Ngozi region, which had a population. density of230 inhabitants per square kilometer, and 1.0 in Mosso region, with a popula-tior. density of 58q inhabitants per square killometer.

Tralk'e 10n: Fa._ Areas i-n -----cted Region,s, 1.96^

NGCAZI GITEC-A MLTYlINGA RDTVTi MOSSO

Average Fa.Lu area Par innesi) 8 6 6 09 01

Popullati-4on Density 230 2_00 117 61i 58

Farms luetween L. an.d

49 ares /_ 18.9 33.8 17.4 16.2 19.2

Farms of 200 areS and,. n~~~~~~- , In A ,A A

over / j. u 9.6 Wu.u o.u

Area covered by farms of200 ares and over /2 9.2 0 23.1 27.1 15.8

Average area per active(Ares) 34 29 39 40 36

/1 In percent of total number of farms.

/2 In percent of total farming area.

Source: Enquete Statistique Agricole dans la region de Ngozi et Gitega - SEDESParis - September 1969. Les Regions de Muyinga - Ruyigi et du Mosso -SEDES - Paris - December 1970.

Secondly, farm equipment constrains cultivation practices. These are fairlyintensive by African standards. The use of animal manure is widespread, andcoffee trees are mulched carefully. Because of the lack of transport equip-ment and of the limited supply of manure, however, only fields lying close

- 15 -

to the homestead are manured, and mulching requires a considerable amount oflabor. This suggests that present equipment in conjunction with limited workeffort capacity, creates a constraint on agricultural development which mightprevent the expansion of cash crop production, as the farmer gives priorityto meeting his subsistence needs; it might also hamper intensification, asincreases in yields require more work.

31. The inadequacy of transport facilities restricts agriculturaldevelopment. The higher cost of external transport renders imported bulkyimports, such as fertilizers, very expensive, and limits exports to thosecommodities which have high value relative to weight. This constrainthampers diversification to a considerable extent. Internal transport isalso difficult and costly, which prevents regional specialization accordingto comparative advantage.

32. The development Dlan 1968-72 zave nrioritv to expanding food Dro-duction, increasing the farmers' monetary incomes and diversifying exportcrops- From IQ1A to 1972 agrirctltural outpnit grpw hv ls t-han 3% annuallyin real terms, while coffee production grew by more than 7% annually. Foodcrops nrodirtion probabhlv ust outpard poniilation growth.

Food Crorn

Agr4tiiltural deavlonment in Riiriinfdi cll primarily for expandingthe production of food crops for three main reasons. Firstly, food cropsweigch g~reatl i~*r. t-he eco.Tnomy V11.ey cont'ribute4 over hal1f tor thel domestic. pro-,

duct. Secondly, they occupy over 90% of cultivated land. In view of the pre-v4ili.ng con.straints on peasant farmers' --- dA.cti-vi4-y, a -n 4 -.ceas 4i eprt

crops presupposes larger food supplies. Thirdly, food crops are an importantsour.c of moneta nc in *a r 1L-ao. L-- Ut _ 4 ace i L_LAC + 1-U; jJ -

where coffee growing is the most developed, food crops account for 26% ofm.onetary 4ncome, C^.l cfe ccut fr2%

ULL,,~L~ y LJLAJU, WALL .J.. '.LJUL La 4. ' L./L1= = q-A.L

34.~~tLJ -s.ere .JW are however j A. Ltat contrALfLaintsf'.JL on L the dve.plopmen t o

foodcrops. There are many foodcrops, the most important being bananas, beans,sweet potatoes, cassava, potatoes, peas, maize and groundnuts. Cultivationis generally mixed as a hedge against crop failure. In Ngozi and Muyingaprovinces, only 25% of food crops are grown in pure stands. Tnis practicehampers intensification, insofar as improved cultivation methods and ferti-lizer D5niedn are5 to 8p1CiJUa CrOpoo

35. Urban demand for food crops is very limited, because of the smallsize of the secondary sector, and of the low income levels of the majority ofthe small urban population. In rural areas, foodstuffs are traded in manylocal markets which are hardly interconnected because of the lack in trans-port and storage facilities. As a result, surpluses and deficits in specificcommodities coexist in the country. Their prices vary considerably betweenprovinces, and fluctuate seasonally to a very large extent. Under these con-ditions an increase in supply may cause prices to fall below what the peasantfarmers consider as a reasonable return.

36. To increase foodstuff production four major steps should be taken[y t he G Overnment. Firstly, agricultural research shLI ou'LdU be geareU to Li.ndUout how best yields per hectare can be increased. The problem is not onlyto breed high-yielydng varitetiLes, 1.clUUdLLL VrLitiL.Lsb W'LLL1 at Lbt nLULLtr-

tional balance, and to design improved cultivation practice, including theuse of Lertilizers, but to '"Lnu. out h0w the[ iarmers can eiiecLiveLy DeneitLfrom these improvements. Their introduction is likely to require an improve-ment of Larm equipment, and an 'lmportant subsidy to farm inputs. Secondly,internal transport should be improved. Thirdly, investment by private tradersin transport equipment and storage facilities nas to be encouraged. Govern-ment could, for instance, establish storage facilities in the main tradingcenters and rent them to private traders. Public transport by scheduledbuses or lorries throughout the country could help integrate local markets.Fourthly, a parallel effort should be made to expand export crops, so as toinject money incomes into the rural areas.

Coffee

37. Diversification of exports has made little progress since themid-1960's. The share of coffee in merchandise exports remained roughlyconstant at about 80% since 1965. This high commodity concentration ofexports results from the slow progress of the other export crops, the risein coffee prices and the increase in coffee production.

Table 11: Coffee Exports - 1965-1973

1965 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973Estimates

Exports (tons) 13,600 16,600 14,600 20,000 19,100 24,200 24,100

Exports (BuFMillion) 826 966 768 1,732 1,233 1,855 2,225

Share in CommodityExports 78.7 78.8 76.3 83.2 78.0 83.4 -

38. Production of merchant coffee rose from 15,700 tons on average in1965-67, to 22,900 tons in 1971-73, a 46% increase. The Government has beensuccessful in its effort to have the present farmers regenerate, prune andmulch their trees properly. In addition, the number of coffee trees rose froman estimated 42 million in 1967, to about 49 million in 1972.

39. The economic costs of coffee production depend on the suitabilityof the area for coffee growing as reflected in the averaRe yields obtained.

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Table 12: Economic Costs of Coffee Production, 1972

Yield per tree (in kilogramof parchment coffee) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Economic cost (in US cent perpound of merchant coffee FobDar es Salaam) 48.5 40.1 34.7 30.6 27.6 25.6 23.8

40. In 1972, Burundi's coffee fetched an average price of US cents 45.5Fob Dar es Salaam, which put the break even yield of parchment coffee per treeat about 450 grms. The break-even yield compares with a yield of between 600and 800 grams which smallholders can obtain in the best growing areas, and acountry-wide average of 350-400 grams. In the Ngozi province, yields of parchmentcoffee per tree averaged 675 grams in 1970-73. Price for coffee increased In 1973and in 1974, and is expected to remain firm during the next decade. It thereforeseems economically justified to expand coffee production in the best growing areas.

41. The mission has estimated, also for 1972, the farmers' costs as afunction of yield per tree:

Table 13: Farmers' Production Cost for Coffee. 1972

Yield per tree in kilogramof parchment coffee 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Cost in Bu F per kilogram ofmerchant coffee: 72 58 48 41 36 32 29

At thp nrprpntf nrnduicpr nrit-c nf Ru F 48 per kilogram of merchant rnffee, thebreak even yield for the farmer was over 600 grams. Break even yields aremucih hioher fnr the far mvrs thar. four the econ.omy as a whole bhecniau of cnffee

taxation. This might deter them from increasing production, especially ifrhev have to purchase fertilizer. It is thus important to ensur that thoincentive to produce is sufficiently strong at the farm level in order to

42- Althnoug ii recaentya- export prxices havea r4ise subsantially

above their 1970 level, producer prices have risen only very moderatelythroughout the period. Mr)ch of the increase prices has accrued to thepublic sector and the prodacer has seen little of the benefits of increasedintirnst+.Jmn1 rmin-a

- 18 -

Table 14: Distribution of Income From Coffee Growing, 1970-73 /L(TIn nrprnt nf s21es nrirp Foh Dar-es-Sal2am)

1970 1971 1972 1973

Producers 52.4 58.3 50.5 53.1Middleman 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.1

2.7 2.7 2 2Exporters /2 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9Transport of Dar=es=Salaam 3.5I 4.1

OCIBU 12.2 9.8 9.6 9.8

- of which Stabilization Fund (4.4) (1.6) (3.9) (4.4)

Export Duty 21.0 16.5 25.0 23.2

Total Fob Dar-es-Salaam 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

/i Arabica coffee only.

/2 Includes interest charges and insurance premiums.

Source: OCIBU.

Table 15: Price Indices for Coffee, 1968-73(1966-68 = 100)

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

Producer Price 97 93 103 100 97 109

Export Price 97 87 132 116 128 152

Source: OCIBU.

Maintenance of such a policy is clearly inconsistent with expanding coffee out-put. Continued high taxation of coffee will eventually undermine productionand in the longer term diminish the tax base and the main economic strengthof the country. Producer prices should be maintained sufficiently high to en-courage production.

- 19 -

43. Coffee is treated by the planters themselves. 460 pulping centers areavailable, of which many are not working. In any case this number is not enoughfor the entire harvest; it is estimated that 75% of the coffee is pulped and washedin the villages. As a result the quality of the parchment coffee is rather unequal,and has deteriorated over the last 9 years. The extension of the present coffeeintensification program would involve the construction of pulping factories as thepaine in cuslitv and hence in nrice are likelv to iustifv the necessarv investment.

Other Cash CroDs

44. Cotton "navsannats" were established by the Beleian administrationduring the 1950's in the northern and central Ruzizi Plain. By 1960, some10,000 families had been Installed in cotton paysannats, and seed cottonproduction reached 10,000 tons, but declined rapidly after independence. Apro-ramz tn rehahilitate cotton c,,ltivatiorn was launched i. !967. A7 a resg,l1t,seed cotton production recovered, and in 1970 was back to its pre-independence1 ev.el ViThe eve-nts of 1972 tookr as hean,n to1 1 of cotton production hich was40%/ lower than in 1970. This left cotton production barely above the lowlevels Jlust after indeper.der,ce. Other reaon ---- stfrdclnn-routo

since 1970. Governments policy towards cotton has been confused; it en-couragedu cottor. development schems on the_ one h-an but pricing poliy4a

the farm level has been largely in contradiction with an expansion of output.rarLIu pr'lces hba ve bUaredly ch.aged since 1968, dL.espiUte-iLncreases iLn exportLprices. As in the case of coffee, the producer has received relativelylittle of the gains of increased prices, and the declinirng production since1970 is to some extent the result of the producer price policy. Conditionsfor cotton gro-w-Lug are excellenCt. Ln vCew ofL the favorable outlook lor

cotton prices, an expansion of cotton production seems fully justified.

Table 16: Price' Indices for Cotton, 1968-1972(1968o= 100)

1968 X 07 Y71I7 1 U 17 1 IV/L

rroaucer rrices ±uu lUU lUU lUU 105

Export Price 100 89 i05 115 131

Source: COGERCO.

45. Tea growing is relatively new in Burundi. Exports, which startedin 1968, reached 387 tons in 1971.

- 20 -

Table 17: Area Planted, Production and Exports of Tea, 1964-71

1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Total areanlntpti (crimila-

tive in ha) 146 178 354 537 674 900 1,125 1,320 1,510

Processed TeaProduction (tons) - - - 13 67 92 155 335 501

Exports (tons) _ _ - - 71 QR 111 387 482

Source: ISABU

The principal markets for Burundi tea are the United Kingdom and Canada.T'h- e average priP fatched in the London market during th- firs- t We 1 o 107')

was around $1.10 per kg. of made tea, slightly above the world average ofout.4 Y'Z 1- f no - r Irge,frn f-f4- +--i no to ^n,I n-~n 1 4 t*- ,- -f t- -ma- 4-a ~Tbe p rosen4ctabou $104 er gs or.i-mingthe good q<iyof the tea. vep-set

for tea in the world market are somewhat poor, with an expected price of55 pence/k. g in loon. Ir. real te.Us Ltl4s WO.lA ' epresent a Aecltine of up to15% over 1973 prices. Returns to the economy on tea production are howeverlJlkme'ly to remain pos4itive, if r.ot sus.t1 -d -h -rga -o -ne -way- LN~..y Li. L~JU.LL j IJ .LLVM, II5 L.. . O U O LL.LOL, aLL.LU LAI= FLU6161 L dIV. 1.W ULLUCL £ W%y

should be continued.

46. Rice production is carried out on a limited scale in the Imboregion. Output ILas fluctuated widely with a particularly sharp increase in1970 when a large amount of irrigation works were repaired and rehabilitated.Producers nave snown themselves to be responsive with some time-iag to pricemovements, and the reduction of producer prices that occurred between 1968and 1971 has beeu translated into declining production levels (with theexception, as stated above of 1970). Price increases since then have notbeen effective in reversing this decline, mainly as a result of politicalevents.

Table 18: Production and Producer Prices for Paddy 1968-1973

Tons BuF/Kg

1968 4,600 10.01969 3,450 10.01970 12,000 7.01971 7,800 5.01972 3,300 7.01973 2,200 8.0

- 21 -

B. Anlmal Husbandry

47. Animal husbandry plays an important part in Burundi's society.The total number of cattle is estimated at 750,000 in 1972; sheep and goatsnumber close to 1 million. The geographic distribution of the livestockpopulation is very uneven. Because of tsetse infestation, the Mosso regioncarries only 15 cattle units per Km2, while the Bututsi has 60 per Km2.Cattle raising is not fully integrated with agriculture. Only 29% of thefarms in the Ngozi and Gitega provinces and 24% in the East have livestock.The output from animal husbandry is modest. Fresh milk consumption, how-ever, is estimated at 55 million liters annually, representing about 16liters consumed per person each year, a relatively high level of consumptionby African standards. Meat production is estimated at about 10,000 tonsof carcass, representing only 3 kg per person annually. Unlike neighboringRwanda, Burundi hardly exports cattle (1,500 head in 1972).

48. The productivity of animal husbandry is kept low primarily by theshortage of feed. Pastures are communal, while animals are owned privately;this results in overgrazing that destroys the most nourishing grass varieties.Moreover, fodder is short during the dry season. As a result steers areslaughtered when still young. This practice would be irrational if therewere any prospect of the animals putting on much more weight. The shortageof foodstuffs forces the owner to dispose of an asset before it has reachedits maximum yield.

49. Poor health conditions further limit the output of the livestocksector. East coast fever, a tickborne disease, is widespread, and the maincause of the high calf mortalityv About 130 dinning tanks had been builtbut many of them have deteriorated because of insufficient supervision bythe extension servirpes Brr 1oillnqi in rifp thrniiohnilt ihp rniintrv and ismostly responsible for the low fertility of the herd. Beef measles mayaffprt .Q

07 of the anir.als arnd would prevent the export of beef and liveanimals to overseas markets.

50. Experiments have shown that these constraints can be overcomethrougoh nprnor rangn management, jmro-^rdA pastures, adequate veterinary

care, and genetic improvements. Projects based on these findings are likelyto be econogmically Justified in view of t fe for mt o

the international market. Neighboring Zaire is an importer of beef, andwould Arovide an m-nrket for wa.,Inatne3.-er catt-le Bururndi co..1 raovi.4 A

C. Fisbhing-

51. ~ TI, Lzk U-1gr.k isbleved t ---e good_ fihi-g poetil Lar.d

~~ ~J L UCLA LO LJ Lt.IAS. Lt/.L *.

ings increased by 26% between 1964-65 and 1969-70 with no evidence of over-explo4t-a-4on, such as a reAucto i. the a-vera s4tish. Most _oF

rh -t -ni of.&L %A 6.L LLa smal=Ul I sardin whc e a l LIMr mLaLk1. throuLg ou

the catch consist of a small sardine which enjoys a large market throughout

- 22 -

the region, as far south as Zambia's Copperbeit. Fisning is carried on Dy

traditional fishermen using dugout canoes, by small-scall entrepreneurs usingcatamarans, and by expatriates operating boats. Tne lake's potential iscurrently being investigated under a UNDP/FAO research project. Preliminaryresults indicate that the potential catch might be between 20,000 and 25,000tons, as compared to an average annual catch of about 11,000 tons in the1967-71 period.

52. A pilot project has been carried out by the UNDP to test the feasibilityof exploiting the fish potential of the lake. The proposed project which has beenevolved from this pilot study would consist of equipping small scale entrepreneurswith tri-marans on a hire-purchase basis, with provision of suitable maintenanceand repair facilities, small factories to dry the fish, and some means of distribu-tion inland. The pilot study has indicated relatively high returns, as well as achance to create new employment of relatively low capital cost, estimated at $1,200per trimaran. The pilot project met some problems in marketing the catch.

D. Mining

53. Mining is at present limited to the exploitation of a few rareminerals. Its contribution to GDP and exports is insignificant. However, aUNDP-financed mineral search project has recently discovered a large depositof nickel in the south of the country. Probable reserves are estimated at180 million tons of ore with an average nickel content of 2%. Further in-vestigations are required before the economic feasibility of the exploitationcan be ascertained. A drilling program is under way to prove the reserves,and is expected to be completed in 1974. Metallurgical tests will also beneeded to determine how best the ore can be enriched, and the metal recovered.Then infrastructure requirements, transport costs and market need to beassessed. These studies, which are bound to take much time and money, arelikely to be carried out by private investors interested in exploiting thedeposits. The government should however seek the advice of an independentconsultant on these complex issues before making decision on agreementwith nrivate investors.

F Tndiucitrv

54. The small industrial sertor includes food nrocessing, textiles

metallurgy, construction materials, and chemicals. Most industries wereset un bhfnre indipenndpnep ton sprvp a wider market including Rwaanda and theKivu region in Zaire. Because of the loss of these markets in the early1960's and competlng imports, mTnt anterpriSeS operate substantially belowcapacity. Only Burundi's brewery, which also produces soft drinks, isworking near full capacity. Other manufacturing enterprises include dairy,shirt, shoe, and soap factories all of which are located in Bujumbura.

55. The small size of the domestic market is the main obstacle toincreasin u.anufacturin Tciit.Iternational ------- tion, npriuaLiLth Rwanda--.L coul usefuly be ue Lo e g t available for eacL

with Rwanda could usefully be used to enlarge the market available for each

- 23 -

country's products. Cement, fertiliser, and textiles are all commodities forwhich the minimum economic scale of production would prevent either of thetwo countries from setting up factories for its own markets. Cooperationwith each other and neiThborina countries could eularae the market suffi-ciently to allow economic production.

F. Transport

56. The development of transport received considerable attention duringthe colonial perind, in part because nf thep nnitinn nf Riur,ndi f 2 tradpand transit center for the adjoining areas. The topography and location ofthe country, however, makes transportation expensive,afactor which certainlyholds back its development.

Roads

57. All internal transport is by road. At preseut there are some5,500J IU oL roalus anlu tracks. Ihese are narrow, unerLgLneerelU, poorly LUmain=

tained, and often impassable during the rainy season. There are at presentJ !-i f... -C -.- A~ .__J. 1r _1r A . f LC ~t I ('IAA 17- Conly t0J VUu uJ. paveu LrUodO. TLaff..Lc 'Ls extrem.ely 11igh;t. OfL Lthe 3,00u MU, Of

classified roads only 6% are carrying 100 or more vehicles per day and almost80% are carrying less than 10 vehicles per day. hlle maost travelled roads arethose radiating from Bujumbura.

58. A UN survey has classified 1,210 km as all weather roads, and hascompared Burundi with other countries in the area. Tnese comparisons suggestthat while in relation to area the Burundi all-weather road network is dense,in relation to population it is below the average for East Africa. Tne higherdensity per square kilometer reflects primarily the higher population density,while the relatively low density per inhabitant reflects mainly the lower percapita income. The much lower road vehicle density similarly reflects themuch lower per capita income.

59. Tne light utilization of the road network reflects the low levelof economic activity, but also the poor condition of the roads, which inturn involves high transport costs, and discourages production for themarket. High internal transport costs thus impair the development of ruralareas. Foodstuff prices on rural markets differ widely from one regionto another, and display considerable fluctuations, so that peasant farmersdo not get the income they could obtain if proper marketing channels wereavailable; these deficiencies spring partly from high transport costs thattend to prohibit moving produces economically from surplus to deficit areas.

60. The poor level of maintenance of the road network should partly becorrected by the Highway maintenance project financed by IDA and the UNDP.The project is being carried out by the Ministry of Public Works, which dealswith road repair and administration. The Ministry suffers from a shortage oftechnically trained staff. The only Burundi engineers dealing with roads arethe Directors of two departments within the ministry. Other technical staff

- 24 -

are provided by Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France and FED.In the next five years only about 10 Burundi nationals now studying abroadwill be available to join the Ministry. The road maintenance projectenvisages further training of personnel but for some time the Ministry ofPublic Works can expect to rely heavily on foreign personnel.

International Transport

61. Burundi depends on transit through Tanzania for its commercialcontacts with the outside world. Export and import goods move by lakesteamer through Bujumbura and Tanganyika Lake port of Kigoma (Tanzania),and by the Eastern African Railways between Kigoma and Dar es Salaam viaTabora. This route is costly for several reasons. One is Burundi's longdistance from the sea; another is double-handling at Kigoma and Bujumbura.Lastly, the section of the EAR from Kigoma to Tabora is poor, because itcrosses marshy land often flooded. Interruptions and delays to rail trafficare frequent.

62. Burundi has experienced difficulties in exporting its coffee bythis route due to the general shortage of wagon capacity on the railway,which is worsened by the fact that Burundi's coffee harvest coincides withTanzania's cotton harvest. As a result, coffee exports arrive late at worldmarkets, and have fetched relatively lower prices.

G. Education

63. The education system presently consists of six to seven years ofDrimary, three to seveu years of secondary and two to three years of highereducation. Education suffers from curricula that do not meet Burundi's needs,and low efficiency which especially affects nrimarv education. In order tnovercome these deficiencies, the Government started to implemeut an educa-tional reform at the beginnine of the academic year 1973. Primary educra-tion will be limited to six years starting at the age of eight. The curri-rcluim will become rurally oriented; the langinavi nf inqtrlrti n will beKirundi; French will be taught as a foreign language from the fifth grade.Serondarv Pdu-ratinn wfll ronn-it nf a three vyer nrianttionn cycle, followedby four years of scientific, literary, pedagogic, technical, agriculturaland health education dividred i-nto a lwow-r and urnra cycle o t years each.The three higher education institutes will be integrated into one institution,the University of Burundi (Ul ) TMTR no higbhr education sos V-een

limited to two to three year programs in Burundi followed by studies abroad,most tr.4 4 411wil.o take place 1-1o1 all n four to six Aar programs. A

UNESCO mission which visited the country in May/April 1974 to study the re-form ar.dl 4identify proJects for possible TIBRD £ a4, is cu.ely pre-paring its report.

Primary Education

64. Primary enrollments increased from 147,000 in 1965/66 to 182,000in 1970/71. Ilne disturbances nave caused primary enrollments to decline to

- 25 -

135,000 in 1972/73 representing about 20% of the school-age population, oneof the lowest enrollment ratios in Africa south of the Sahara.

65. The productivity of primary education is low. Out of 1,000entrants, only 83 receive a primary school certificate in the prescribedsix years, another 202 graduates need more than six years and 715 drop outwithout diploma. Two main factors account for this situation: (i) Thedrop-out rate is high, mostly because only 298 schools out of 515 cover thecomplete primary cycle. Pupils are often prevented from continuing theireducation by the distance involved in getting to school and the lack oftransportation. (ii) Forty-nine percent of the teachers are unqualifiedand 95% of qualified teachers have only had four years of postprimary teachertraining.

66. Through the proposed reform the efficiency of primary educationwould be increased by preparing primary school leavers to become progressivefarmers. The reform plans to utilize primary schools as the focal point ofrural life. Teachers are to be the key personnel in transforming presentlyinefficient schools into primary schools - rural community centers whereagriculture and technical skills would be the essential part of the curricu-lum. This is certainly a step in the right direction.

Secondary Education

67. Total secondarv enrollments rose from 5-580 in 1965/66 to 8,450in 1970/71 and then dropped to 8,040 in 1972/73. Only 1.7% of the 13 to 18age group are eurol led in se.ondarv edi,rt1inn_ The nresent AvRtem ^on9i stof general secondary education with a lower and upper cycle, auxiliary teachertraining sc~hools, teac'her *taining colleges, a nulm.ber of specialized vocationaland technical schools, and extended primary education. General secondaryeducation accounts for 43% of total secondar en.rollment. The curricul u-is designed as a preparation for higher education. As the number of secondarygraduates already stretches the absorptive capacity of the universit- to thelimit further expansion of enrollment in the upper cycle is unjustified. Therefo.m wo0Ld intr-oduce a three-yLr orien.tation. cycle fol.lowed by .t .-o yearsof lower-secondary education and two years of higher secondary education.T,-inc the t-tal length of pr4ima- plus secondary -I-,ation 1 remain te

same as before the reform (13 years). In view of the heavy burden of recur-rent costs an.d the lack of evidence that 13 years of eAucat-4on create betergraduates than, say, 10 years, one may question whether maintaining the totaller.gth. of prim-ary p'lus secon.dary eAucatior. at"1 years is Justifi'ed.

uJQA~ j{. .&AL __.L5 O~AJIL 7

_ .. o4L1 4 _.LL O _k____4_4_AL __A..A _ 5. .U_ _ _ _ U

'.'VJ . LLI.C VtLJULJCL ^ O X .A.LJ . L. %I1L L -L A. 1L6 1 0%LIAUU± ' pL L F UUUL.C a0l!X LdJL L

primary teachers, while teacher training colleges have a seven-year programa nd t ur n out~ fully1 qualified MUimar techrs Chs w yesacu. o~LL u..L JIAL .5U.L.Y 4UCXLLA..LU JILAAnUCJ.y . 1I470 ±ILIC L.WU L.jlJt--0- tI.L;UUULL.L UL

40% of total secondary enrollments, and are expanding rapidly at some 10% p.a.Further expansiLon at this rate seems u-warrar.;ed, because L't would DeUbLe d.LLficult

for Burundi to expand primary education fast enough to absorb so many teachers,even including the replacement oj unqualified staff. Tne reform does not

- 26 -

hnqirallv change this system. exceDt by making it Dossible for Reneral second-ary graduates at both lower and upper-level to teach. This would make theabsorption problem even more severe.

Vocationnl and Tprhnirnl Eduration

69. Total en.rollments ir. vocational an.d techn.ic-al edctinreTninoedstationary at about 1,100 for the years 1968 to 1971 with some changes indistribution among the various specialities, and then dropped to 830 in1972/73. Training at the lower cycle consists of a three-year course forski-4led workers ir. 4idustria tia rr-ade nnA o culture and a four-year co,urse

for lower technicians. At the upper cycle, middle-level personnel are

services and social work. The duration of the courses is from two to fouryears. 'lhe 'lackm ofL manpower plannring makmes it difi 't t C:" o assess th-e

y ~ L . IL .LLN ..IL LIaLjJJW~.. p.LILL.L16

U~I.. A... U.L £_ A.LLU.L L L. LiIL

adequacy of vocational and technical training. There are, however, someobvious problems. For eamtpler,55% of th b Uicklayers, and all tIh car-

penters who completed their training in the three years 1969-71 were unabletoU L±1 U a J uu Wl..Lse, Ull Llth otJLerL s L IU, d{.: f aciLts are dVdailXbdUle lLo

training accountants, an important discipline for economic development.ILt seems necessar- to adj'ust vocational and te.hnical education, which i.1.L ~~I-1b L~La~~y L ~ j U . V'L L.LU LaJ. OAu UL L .L1 Lt ~UUC L.LUI II.L LI iL.Z

particularly costly, to changing manpower requirements. The reform documentdoes not iLndUcate how thli's mirgLL Lbe: donUe. At`LccoULU±'ng LU Lthe L LULLUI dJ.± LteLh-

nical and vocational education will be post-orientation cycle. This has thedesirable effect of increasing the entrance age by two years and simultaneous-ly decreasing the length of technical and vocational education by two years.Substantial savings may result. Large parts of technical and vocationaleducation are administered by ministries other than the Ministry of Education.To achieve better co-ordination the reform proposes the establishment of aninterministerial committee.

Higher Education

70. Total enrollment in higher education in Burundi itself has in-creased from 210 in 1965/66 to 500 in 1972/73; there are about 350 universitystudents, 120 students in the secondary teacher training college (ENS) and30 students in the National School of Administration (ENA). Under currentcircumstances, it will be difficult for Burundi to absorb all the studentsat university level that will graduate during the next few years. Between1975 and 1979, about 750 higher education graduates will seek employmentin Burundi. It is likely that the private sector requirements are verylimited, and that the Government is the largest potential employer. Thereis some scope for replacing technical assistants by local personnel.

71. As a first step to remedy the present situation a manpower planningunit needs to be established. Furthermore, a stricter control on scholarships,whether financed by the Government, or by an aid agency seems desirable; aquota might be established for each speciality in keeping with the projectedrequirements. Finally, consideration might be given to limiting the expansionof the upper secondary cycle.

- 27 -

72. The reform would integrate the university, the secondary teacherstraining college and the school of administration into the National UL1'iVerSitYof Burundi. The University would have five institutes: law administration,and economics; education; engineering; agronomy; and medicine. Full programZ.sleading to the "licence" degree will be established first and then facilitiesfor obtaining a doctor's degree. Tne reform states that this wili iead tobetter utilization of present facilities. While this may be true in theshort-run, it is certainly also true that the new system will eventuallylead to much larger expenditures than the present system of two to threeyears training at home, tollowed by tinal training abroad. In view of theuncertainities on the future manpower situation, the government would be welladvised to go slowly on university reform.

Education Finance

73. Total national expenditures on education require a large andincreasing share of governmeut's budget. They represented 21% of the totalcurrent expenditures in 1965 and 23% or BuF. 597 million in 1973; however,they had represented 32% of the budget in 1971, before the disturbanceswhich caused substantial declines in student enrollment and pedagogicalpersonnel. Between 1965 and 1973 over one third of the increase in civilianexpenditures under the recurrent budget was for education. Moreover, externalassistance for education can roughly be estimated at Bu F 360 million. Totalexpenditures for education including private contributions were about Bu F1,000 million or 6.3% of GDP at factor cost in 1970.

74. External assistance is an important source of recurrent costfinancing. In general secondary education, for instance, 64% of the teachersare foreign paid expatriates. External finance covers about 90% of totalcosts of higher education.

75. In view of the heavy financial burden the present education systementails for the Government, it is the more important to make the best use ofavailable resources. In primary education, which absorbs 55% of Government'sexpenditure on education, there is ample room for increasing efficiency. Therecurrent cost implications of new investment warrant careful scrutiny.

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PART IV - MAJOR ISSUES AND PROSPECTS

76. Orn t.he basis of the precdA4ng ra,,4 n of th,e overal -d of

sectoral developments, it is possible to pinpoint the central issues whichneedu to bue resolvced b=ef0r=e Bourwd-L'is =e-o-LoUmy can ex-PeCt to embark. vu a moresuccessful growth path than has been the case in recent years. Major issuesfall withLin two Uas'ic groups. ThL first ofLU thLe5sCe iL Lit: LLtU LU nAeetLU LLLa t

productive capacity of the country by increasing the level of investment.1[I seCUonU X' LIIsC: rieeU LU UdireCL gUVeLrImIeL pUoliCist LUWarUs stmL IUlatdLL Eg Llth

level of demand in the economy in order to make full use of the productivecapacity wnich would result from i'ncreased iL-vestments.

A. increasing investmerit and tbSUrPL±VCe CaUpaCiLy

77. The modest growth of output in recent years has been the resultto a large extent of the low level of investment undertaken. Foreign ex-change and local funds which have been mobilized have been more than suffi-cient to support the investment program, while resulting in an accumulationof foreign reserves and public sector deposits with the banking system. inaddition, it is unlikely that all sources of foreign aid were fully utilised.T-nere has, therefore, been no financial constraint to investment and incomegrowth.

78. The most immediate constraint on the level of investment has beenthat of capacity to implement projects. Not only is the total manpoweravailable limited, but its utilization has been insufficient largely as aresult of the inadequate planning mechanism and the lack of coordinationbetween sectors and projects. An increase in manpower supply and managementwould be the first necessary step for implementing an expanded investmentprogram.

79. Four principal ways lie open to the Government to increase its ab-sorptive capacity: (i) reform of the national educational and trainingsystem to redirect it towards the country's economic needs (ii) extensivetraining of Burundi's counterparts to technical assistants (iii) full use ofscholarships offered abroad by aid agencies (iv) reform of the planningmechanism to make fuller use of the human resources available.

80. Reform of the educational system is already planned, and shouldeventually result in somewhat expanded supply of trained people. The priorityof the reform in enlarging the base of the educational pyramid and in re-directing the syllabus of primary and secondary schools more to the economic,mainly agricultural needs of the country is to be praised. The implementa-tion of the reform, however, is bound to take time.

81. The training of Barundi counterparts to technical assistants isone point that has been much neglected in the past. The number of technicalassistants in Burundi has averaeed 450 for the last five years of whom about235 have been engaged in teaching. With the remainder employed throughoutall sectors of the economvy a substantial training effort could have re-sulted in large numbers of Barundi receiving training via technical assistants.

- 29 -

If two counterparts had been attached to each technical assistant, about 430people would have received on the Job training. Technical assistants willremain necessary for some time to come as they may have more specific skills,but a far greater number of Barundi could be put rather rapidly in executivepositions. In 1973, only 435 Barundi were in responsible civil service posi-tions. almost exactly as many as technical assistants. In addition tonumerical increases, counterpart training could also raise the averagelevel of training of Bartmdi currently emmnoved.

82. Tt would be aneconotnical to attemnt to train all students in Burundi.and hence study abroad will remain an important element in Burundi's educa-tion system= Over 200 students are exrected to graduate annually until 1976.At present students may select their specialisations without reference tothe counmtry' s pi-orities. On.ly 37 o$ the scholarship holders were istudri-nagriculture or rural engineering in 1972, while 132 were studying literature,history Cand geography. It is impuortant that t.e Cover*n-t exercise controlover this major source of skilled manpower.

83. The fourth way in which Government should increase absorptive capa-city iL through a refLeorm ofiU tl[e planning mechan-Lism to marke better use of man-power and make investment planning more effective. One set of measureswould involve the central planning organization to become again a Ministryeither autonomous or within the Presidency of the Republic. Every possiblemeasure should be taken to properly staff this Ministry. Expatriate plan-ningexperts should be located in this new Ministry. At this stage, a flexibleformula such as an informal planning group gathering regular staf of thetechnical ministry under the leadership of a close adviser to the ministershould be preferred to planning units within the technical ministries. Theexisting sectoral planning committees should be reorganized and include bothrepresentatives of the technical ministry concerned and the central planningagency. Reduced to a small number of technicians, they should meet quitefrequently with precise agendas. The National Planning Commission shouldalso be reorganized somewhat to reflect the revised planning structure andshould meet at least twice yearly to supervise the implementation of the workprogram, and formulate inter sectoral priorities.

84. One of the main problems for the implementation of the First FiveYear Plan was the lack of well prepared projects. For the Second Five Yearperiod sectoral programs should be coordinated and finalised as soon aspossible, and priority given to preparing projects. All manpower availablein planning should be assigned to this task according to a precise work pro-gram. At a later date, the central planning organization together with theMinistry of Finance would be in a position to annually prepare multiannualprograms for public investments. Progress reports should be prepared atleast annually by project implementation agencies. Provided that objectivesand resource allocation by project are determined in detail each year, evalua-tion in both financial and physical terms could be achieved without majordifficulty. Eventual changes in the project objectives and means to be in-cluded in the new annual plan could be made through this process of follow up.

- 30 -

85. There is also a need for co-rdinat;.on of all vter.a , As

All requests for external assistance should pass through the central planningorganization. to ascertai the extent tof Wh4ih the proect --are ae.codan

with national priorities and are consistent with availabiIlity of resources ar.cmia.power . At a -late sta 6e, .ultiar.nuel probr.a - - --t a-l-l -to

financed by foreign sources could be prepared annuallyv to coraplene.nt thosefor internal sources, with, attentior. giv,en. to proptrlyv d;fi-n a_.pr!cin terms of its objectives, means and timing. Th.e lase c.f tec,r.Acal assistantssh'ou'lUd be regulated through this proceduure to ernsu,.re prroper allocation.

B. Sti-M-lationi of' d-aemand arnd ProductiO. netis

86. The current levels of outDUt and i-nvestment i. Bu=-indi are not cnlythe result of insufficient productive capacity, but also rtflec: Uhe limita-tions of effective domestic demand for goods anr. se.-Vices. Adequace pc1icieswith respect to a) expansion and diversification of exporns arid b) internaltransport would combine to generate an increasing 3evel o0r Xomand, whichwould facilitate the expansion of foodstuff production.

87. In view of its limited domestic market, Burundi has to rely pri--marily on exports for increasing monetary incomes at the rarm level. Tn recentyears, however, farm prices of principal export crops have stagnaced and evendeclined in real terms. High prices for coffee and cottoni have improved thefiscal situation in recent years, but a mo-re reliable base for increasinggovernment revenues is through raising moretary income, Ef£orts to increaseexports should not be concentrated on coffee only. First.y, excessive cropconcentration exposes the economy to the consequences of rrice and harvestfluctuations. Secondly, good land unsuited for coffee exists that can beused for diversification crops. The developmeat of new export crops is soimportant that Government should be prepared to sobsidize them insofar asa measure of effective protection would ba economically justrified to permittheir development for the export markets. Thlis Fight be the case for rice,and for sugar, which might be exported co Zaire and Rwande. The costs andbenefits of exploiting these opportunities should be carefully investigated.

88. The improvement of internal transpert should aik at establishinga free flow of food crops between surplus and deficit regions. Trade creationwould both reduce the price to the consumer ard increase the remaaeration ofthe producer, thus Increasing effective demand. 'nis effect would be consi-derably enhanced by expanding storage facIlities fot the staples.

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Prospects for Future Development

89. The low growth and relative economic stagnation that have character-ized Burundi's economy in the past and the constraints that are posed to thedevelopment process do not imply a lack of opportunities for future develop-ment. With an appropriate development program, greater use could be made ofexisting production potential to set in motion economic growth.

90. Agricultural output remains far below its potential for est:ablishedcrops, and has in addition considerable prospects for diversification intoother agricultural products. Projects which could be profitably realizedinclude further coffee, cotton and tea development, production schemes forwheat, sugar, soy beans, groundnuts, plam oil, maize, beef and foodcrops,and a fishing project. The first stage in a development strategy would be tocomplete preparatory work on the design of these projects, particularly exportoriented ones. The physical constraints to agricultural development dis-cussed in Part III would present certain difficulties in project implementation,but at the present time it is unlikely that these constraints would outweighthe difficulties caused by shortages of skilled manpower. Productive develop-ment projects also exist outside agriculture, including nickel mining, textilesand several smaller industrial projects to substitute for imported goods.

91. Concomitantly with the preparation of specific projects, a closerspecification is needed of the policy framework within which proiects areto be implemented, including policies for agricultural prices and earnings,rates of import taxation. import substitution, an investment code and pro-tection of domestic industry. Though less immediate at the moment, thereis a clear need for distinct policies which will encourage the first stagesof development of a private industrial sector, which could be partiallyachieved through the nolicv items listed above.

92. The constraints in manpower may limit the capacitv to prepare pro-jects and it can equally be expected to limit the rate at which projects canbe implemented and Burundits economic notential realized. Stens to increaseabsorptive capacity, especially in terms of manpower training, would permitincreasing investment to be undertaken. Until 1980 a real growth of invest-ment could be achieved of at least 15% annually, given the increase in thesupDlV of skilled mannower that could be attained bv the mPasutrPe sugpestedearlier, with the possibility of even higher growth of investment after 1980if nositive measureps are adonted now, in nnrtir,ilar er1i,vcatiional reform- Arate of growth of 15% would imply a tripling of real investment in eight years,and could therefore nose financing difficulties- The feasifbi1itv of financingan investment program of this magnitude is discussed in the following para-granhs.

93. A rapidly growing level of invact-mpnt would have nnl-,y a .dtimpact on output in the early stages, partly due to the low absolute levelsat which investment will remain for some time despite rapid growth, partly

- 32 -

because lags in project implementation will defer some of the benefits ofthose investments. By adopting a reasonable balance between the more im-mediately productive sectors such as agriculture and industry, and the moreslowly maturing infrastructural projects, it should still be possible to realizea real growth rate of output of 3%, thus exceeding the rate of growth of thepopulation in contrast with the last five years.

94. A growth rate of output of 3% would permit some increase in savingsas a domestic contribution towards the financing of an enlarged investmentprogram though it is clear that domestic finance will occupy only a limitedrole in the immediate future. With the present low level of incomes in Burundi,growth of private consumption should take priority over increasing Governmentsavings. The equitable distribution of the benefits of growth, particularlyin the form of passing on to small farmers increased earnings from exportcrops, will be more useful in providing incentives for increases in outputthan in raising the domestic contribution to investment financing in thenear future. A savings rate, only slightly above the average achieved inthe past five years (i.e. 4 percent of GDP) would be a reasonable expectationin view of competing uses for resources. The following table indicates thelevels of output investment and savings that would apply in 1980 on the basisof the growth rates projected above.

Table 19: Output, Investment and Savings, 1972-80

(1972 prices)1972 1980

Bu F Million % of GDP Bu F Million % of GDP

GDP 21,663 100.0 27,500 100.0

Gross Fixed Capital Formation 1,067 4.9 2,950 10.8

Stock changes -253 -1.1 -- --

Domestic savings 379 1.8 1,350 5.0

Resource balance -435 2.0 -1,600 5.8

95. The country's real resource gap that would develop if an enlargedinves tment program were undertaken wouLldUU c'lear'LL-UlL r iy L LreLqu ire iLL[Cas'ngeLL xterL.-.L

resources to supplement the domestic contribution. The financial gap thatLthi.L WoULU iLLILp.ly iLr.L n0minal termLis fLor thLe teConLIOr.;1 wouIUd be enlarglUed still

further by the anticipated rates of international inflation. In the lightof present trensds, thle gap n current prices would be around Bu F 2,900million compared to Bu F 435 million in 1972. Export volume could growrelatively fast by 8-10% per year in view of the possibility Of concentratingfuture projects on export crops, and likely price prospects for the principalcrop - coffee - and other possible export crops, suggest an average priceincrease above 1972 levels of about 80% by 1980. The growth of coffee prices

- 33 -

that has occurred between 1972 and 1974 can be expected to continue, but ata much slower rate than has been the case. Such a growth of export earningswould permit imports to grow by 18-20% percent per year on current prices;discounting for likely future inflation, this in fact implies an annual in-crease in import volume of 8%. This rate exceeds the growth of import volumein the past, reflecting the requirements, particularly of capital goods, toproceed with a larger investment program. Although the hypothesized rateof growth of investment is higher, the 8% increase in import volume shouldbe sufficient to meet investment needs as well as some growth of consumergoods imports.

Table 20: Summary Balance of Payments_ 1972-80(Bu F Million - Current Prices)

1972 1980

Exports, goods and NFS 2,482 8,900

Imports, goods and NFS 2,917 11,800

Resource balance -435 -2,900

Factor incomes and remittances -1,155 -2,500

Capital inflow 1,939 5,900

Increase in reserves 349 500

96. Burundi's financing needs will be increased beyond the requirementof balancing the resource gap by growing factor incomes in the form of re-mittances of earnings by expatriates and ,nvestment incomes paid abroad.The achievement of higher economic growth would rais e the o futflo of inY t-

ment incomes for several years until greater numbers of nationals could beemployed in higher position.s to replace expatriates, and ,ntil the share ofdomestic resources in investment could be raised.

97. An enlarged investment program up to the limits permitted by theavailability of trained m,,r.po-wer wou"ld us be con-,diona" on mobilizin, a

greater volume of external assistance to meet financing needs. The indicativefigure4in th-e abov,e table s-,ggests that cap,ital Lir,l.o-w -wou'd need to ir.crease

t' Is LLt UJV L2L L LLLLI. .UpJ.LdLJ.LLW WUU.LU ~from Bu F 1,939 million in 1972 to Bu F 5,900 million by 1980, either ingrant or 'Loan foLm. Suchl a target would boe feasible without e-d-austing allthe possibilities for assistance on soft terms. It is highly probable that

a.oW f o' suitably prepared projects or even requests ior teChniJcal assistancein project preparation where necessary, would succeed in interesting the varioussources oz external assistance. In the past, several bilateral and mmultli

lateral agencies have participated in project financing in Burundi, who couldDe induced to extend assistance in future. The Burundi Government should atteii±ptin future to maximize the use made of such assistance in pursuing an enlargeddevelopment program.

WNNEX IPage 1

JALNLZLA 1.- vLL,7PrMEThN± r .ari'4J.I'

Planning Structure

1. Under the Belgian administration, a Ten-Year Plan 1952-61 servedas guidance for public investment in both Rwanda and Burundi. Just priorto independence, a study sponsored by the European Development Fund (FED)was prepared for directing the development efforts of the two countries. PProposals were made for both short and long term economic development. Manyof these proposals still have some relevance.

2. Development planning began in independent Burundi with the prepara-tion of the first Five-Year Plan (1968-72) whose final version was issued aslate as 1971, but was still then considered provisional. The Plan whichbriefly analyzed the national economy, included a general description of pro-jects in the various sectors without precise cost estimates or financing pros-pects. Priority was given to agriculture. Domestic financing was estimatedat 11% of the total financial requirements. Inadequate project preparationbefore and during the Plan period, coupled with lack of annual planning renderedunsatisfactory implementation of the first Plan. It was estimated that only40% of the planned investment was achieved, though annual progress reportswere not issued. The technical preparation of the second Five-Year Plan(1973-77) started in July 1972.

3. The central planning oreanization has undergone a series of changesin recent years. It was an autonomous Ministry until December 1969 when itwas placed within the Presidency of the Republic. In March of 1971, it wasabolished and replaced by a General Directorate of Planning which was estab-lished within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation andPlanning. As a result, the Planning Agency lost part of its authority. InSeptember 1973, a General Secretariat was created within the Presidency ofthe Republic in addition to the General Directorate. It was staffed withfive General Directors, in-luding one for planning. The responsibilitiesof this new institution are unclear.

4. The General Directorate of Planning is comprised of two directorates:one each for planning nnd statist4i.cs Tere is virtually no national staffin the former. Attempts to ensure some kind of a continuity in the planningactivities 1ies 4n the hands of e-.atriates. in addition to the regrulnar staffof the General Directorate of Planning, a German team comprised of five membersacts in a pla.""ing advisory capacity for the M4nister himself.

5. A plannr..g unit exists in the Ministry of Agriculture. Thi's unit,together with the one in charge of preparing the general guidelines forextensiO- se-rices ar.d 4-4.fo .10-on is par- ofO thue General Di-rectorate ofAgrnioulture and .is staffedbyL.L , a DeoL. LDpt L and an FAOAdvser

Agriculture, and is staffed by a Director, his Deputy and an FAO Adviser.

AN'NEX IPage 2

Harmonious working relationships have been established between this unit andthe General Directorate of Planning. In the Ministry of National Education,a research group has been created to outline a reform of the education systemand to program its implementation. It is not really a planning unit as itsmost important member is the UNESCO Adviser appointed as Director of a projectto assist the National Institute for Educational Sciences. There are noplanning units within the other ministries. The General Directorate ofPlanning is frequently bypassed by the technical mlnistries for projects re-quiring foreign aid. These ministries deal directly with the General Direc-torate for External Cooperation or even the Minister of Foreign Affiars himself.The main effect of this has been a lack of coordination between developmentobjectives and technical assistance. As a result full use has not been madeof the technical assistance available, which is particularly crucial in viewof the overall scarcity of highly trained manpower.

Second Development Plan

6. Seven sectoral committees were created in August 1972 to preparethe second Five-Year Plan: agriculture, economic affairs, public works,national education, health, social affairs, and finance, although the lasttwo in fact never met. The others were organized under the chairmanship ofthe director general of the ministry concerned. With the exception of agri-culture, the committees did not allow for an exchange of views between re-presentatives of various ministries, as their active members all came fromthe anme ministrvy Spertoral nrnorams were dirnfted in4pnpndpntlv nf P::un

other and coordination between them was not achieved due to the lack of acoordinating committee, apart from an ad hoc co-mmittee which dealt withagriculture and industry. In fact, the only committee which held extensiveweorking sessions was the co mmittee fnor ma-rivi,lt-wro, in T.IA,hj ent

of the central planning agency were also highly involved. Working papers on4-An4 viAual crops as *..ell as an genreral probles of -a4rculture we-re p---reparu A

and discussed at length.

Outlines of the Second Development Plan

7. In July 1973, the German planning team synthesized the sectoralcomLLttee's works addUing iLts O-nW suggestuions on a n-umber of issues. mlesynthesis together with the suggestions, was officially issued in NovemberI t h- -SSS r- - r' 5 AZ - --- ' 1 -,tC S nI -1uy the L-1i LL_y o' ruteigLil MLL.LLr, IntertldLVuual Cooperation and rianning,as proposals for the Second Development Plan (1973-77). As a DevelopmentPlan this sufrers from several defects. First, the projects discussed areby and large insufficiently far advanced to make the realization feasiblewithin the Planning period. Secondly, the relationships between objectivesand means are only worked out summarily. Thirdly, the education sector isexcluded. Fourthly, the overall feasibility of the plan is not discussedand there is no financial or manpower synthesis requirements. Finally, thedevelopment plan does not entirely reflect the priorities of the sectoralcommittees.

A iltNEv T

Page 3

T.nhe Ministry of Finance is responsible for preparing the budget.The General Directorate of Planning has attempted to participate in thepreparation of at Least the development budget, and was endorsed in itsattempt by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation andPlanining, during the preparation of the 1973 budget. Tne Minister of Financealso suggested that all capital expenditure proposals made by the variousMiinistries be centralized by the central planning organization. rhese pro-posals would, after agreement, be incorporated into the budget by the Ministryof Finance. However, such an arrangement was never approved, and the 1974budget was prepared in the same way as its predecessors.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau No.

Demography and Emplo%mentD6mographie et emploi

1-1 Main Demographic Data, 1970-71Donnees demnographiques principales, 1970-71

1-2 Population by Arrondissement, 1970Population par arrondissement, 1970

1-3 Distribution of Population by Age Group and Sex, 1965 and 1970R6partition de la population par age et sexe, 1965 et 1970

1-4 Distribution of Population by Age and Sex in Ngozi and GitegaAreas, 1967

Repartition de la population par age et sexe dans les zones deNgozi et Gitega, 1967

1-5 Disbribution of Population by Age and Sex in Muyinga, Ruyigiand Mosso Areas, 1968-69

Repartition de la population par age et sexe dans les zonesde Muyinga, Ruyigi et Mosso, 1968-69

1-6 Summary Results of the 1970-71 Demographic Sample SurveyR6sume des resultats de ltenquete de*mographique 1970-71

1-7 Migration in Rural Areas, 1970-71Migration dans les zones rurales, 1970-71

1-8 Wage Employment by Sec V-or, 1969-71Emploi salarie par sec'eur, 1969-71

1-9 Central Government Civilian Employment, 1971 and 1973Personnel civil employ6 par le gouvernement central, 1971 et 1973

National AccountsComptes Economigues

2-1 Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1967-72Produit interieur brut par secteur, 1967-72

2-2 Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product, 1967-72Produit interieur brut et produit national brut, 1967-72

2-3 Resource Use, 1967-72Ressources et emplois, 1967-72

2-4 Distribution of Factor Income between Peasant Economy andModern Sector, 1970

Repartition des revenus de facteurs entre 126conomie paysanneet le secteur moderne, 1970

2-5 Factor Incomes in Peasant Economy, 1970Revenus de facteurs de l'economie paysanne, 1970

2-6 Peasant Economy: Factor Incomes per Capita in Ngozi andMuyinga Areas, 1970-71

Economie paysanne: Revenus de facteurs par tete dans leszones de Ngozi et de Muyinga, 1970-71

2-7 Factor Incomes in Modern Private Sector, 1970Revenus de facteurs de l'economie paysanne, 1970

2-8 Factor Incomes From Institutions, 1970Revenus de facteurs des administrations, 1970

2-9 Investment and Savings, 1966-72Investissement et epargne, 1966-72

2-10 Gross Fixed Capital Formation by Sector, 1966-72Formation brute de capital fixe par secteur, 1966-72

2-11 Investment by Source of Finance, 1966-72Investissements par source de financement, 1966-72

Public FinancesFinances publiques

3-1 Government Finances, 1969-72Situation financiere du gouvernement, 1969-72

3-2 Ordinary Budget Revenues, 1965-73Recettes du budget ordinaire, 1965-73

3-3 Ordinary Budget Expenditures, 1965-73Depenses du budget ordinaire, 1965-73

3-4 Ordinary BudgetL Expenditures: Economic Classification, 1969-72Depenses du budget ordinaire: classification economique, 1969-72

3-5 Extraordinary Budget Expenditures, 1966-72Depenses du budget extraordinaire, 1966-72

Money, Credit and PricesMonnaie, credit et prix

4-1 Monetary Survey, 1966-73Situation mon4taire, 1966-73

h-2 Bank Credit to Private Sector, 1966-72Credits bancaires au secteur prive, 1966-72

4-3 Structure of Interest Rates as of December 31, 1972Structure des taux d'interet au 31 decembre 1972

h-h Consumer Price Indices, 1965-72indices des prix a la consommation, 1965-72

h45 Foodstuff Prices on Rural Markets by Arrondissement, 1972Prix des denrees alimentaires sur les marches ruraux par

arrondissement, 1972

External Trade and FinancesCommerce et finances exterieurs

5-1 Commodity Exports, 1965-72Exportations de marchandises, 1965-72

5-2 Commodity Imports, 1965-70Importations de marchandises, 1965-70

5-3 Commodity Imports, 1970-72Importations de marchandises, 1970-72

5-4 Net Imports of Main Oil Products, 1972Importations nettes des principaux produits petroliers, 1972

5-5 Terms of Trade, 1966-72Termes de 1'echange, 1966-72

5-6 Income Effect of Changes in Terms of Trade, 1967-72--- _ s _ _ _ _____ 4i +d mae A- 1 t-.-h,reop.-.

Ia.L1eu5 sur le reveriu u'es vd.aa d -..+ ' _ -

1967-72- 1r' of~ Off .. IA - A.. 'al , A4A Annc-y; 19Q67-7'2

JJ.L5UrSeDIelL.S 1 UIIJ(±d±- AJi.Lu WJJ ~Jk'- ".- -,-,

Versements d'aide off:Lcielle, par type et organisme, 1965-72LI.,rumaj. rwj±L.LC iJaUL'

Dette pulique extelrieure-vP 7 rJs1t.LkUruLu r eLIr SerV-i;e Xr rujyacuLo -_..

Previsions des paiements de service de la dette exterieure5-1 Daiance of Pay-ments, 196e-72

Balance des paiements, 1965-72

Agr.LCU. u.re

Agriculture

6-1 Nutrition Status, 1970-71Etat nutritionnel, 197u-71

6-2 Distribution of Calories by source in Ngozi and Muyinga Areas,19YV70-71

Repartition des calories par source dans les zones de Ngozistu de Muyinga, 1970-71

6-3 Percent Distribution of Protein Intake by Source, 1970-71Repartition de 'L ration protidique par so-rce, l 71

6-4 Age Distribution of Recorded Cases of Malnutrition, 1971Repartition par aige des cas recenses de manutrtion, 1971

6-5 Land Use, 1972Utilisation du so!, 1972

6-6 Estimated Foodstuff Production, 1967-72Production vivriere estimee, l90'7t'72

6-7 Estimated Livestock Population, 1968-72Estimations du chepte_, 1968-72

6-8 Cotton Production, 1963-72Production de coton, 963-72

Transport.1ransr-ort-

7-1 iHighway Network, 1972Reseau routier, 1972

7-2 Vehicle Fleet, 1966-72Parc automobile, 1966-72

7-3 Traffic in the Port of Bujunebura, 1950-72Trafic du port de Bujumbura, 1950-72

7Ih Passenger and Freight Transport, 1965-72Transport de passagers et de fret, 1965-72

EducationvAAI.LLa JAL

Bi-7 -SOchllarshLps helUd, December o7CEffectifs des boursiers, 1972

8-2 Niiinuer of Tecnriical Assistants, 1965-72Nombre dtassistants techniques, 1965-72

Table/Tableau 1-1 STATISTICAL ANNE!)ANNEXE STATISTIQUE

MAIN ThMGRAPHIC DATA, 1 970-71

DONNEES DEMOGRAPHIQUES PRINCIPALES 1970-71

Estisiated population as of January 1, 1971 3,400,00( Population prescniee aiU 1 er janivier 1971'- of which urban population: 150,00() -- dont population urba.Lne

Birth Rate, per thousand 41 Taux de natalit6, pour mille

Death Rate, per thousand 20 Taux de mortalit, pour miLle

Rate of natural increase, per thousand 21 Taux d" accroissement naturel, pour mil:le

Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths under one year Taux de mortalitk infantile (:Deces d'e:nfants de moin.s

rer thousand 'Live births) 138 dL'un an pour milLe rnaissanceSviables)

Chil-d Death Rate (Deaths of children between Taux de mortalite6 des jetmes enfants (:D6ces d'enfantsone aLnd P'our 1p)er thousaind) 42 entre 1 et 4 ans, pour Tuille)

Expectation of life at birth (years): Esp6rance cLe vie a la naissance (ann6es)- M~ales 40 - Honrnes- Females 41 - Feemmes

Gross Reproduction Rate 2.8 Ta,ux brut de reproduction

Net Reproduction Rate 1 .8 Taux net de rep:roduction

Distribution of population by3ge group nd bv R&ArtIti32 de la population Par gro )e diage et se.:sex:

MA:IEES FEMA]:BS TOTALHommnes Femmne Total

222 225 415-59 2.50 277 52'7 15-5960 and over 9 17 26 60 et plus

TOTAL 4_1 1 .00(T

Source: Enqaete Dmoraphique Burundi 1970-71 - R6sultats Provisoires iParis: II.SEE 1972)

STATISTICAL ALNEXTalble/rable 1 -2 ANNECE STATIS'TI4YE

POPULATIO:N BY ARRMNDISSEMENT, 1970

PO:PULATION PAR ARRONDISSEMENT, 1970

Population Area /1 (km2) Diensity pesr lan2Population Superficie Densite au khr2

BUBANZA 110,000 1,190 93CIBITOKE 110,000 1,480 74BUJUM1BURA 110,000 270 ,408AWISALE 220,000 985 223BLJRUJRI 225,000 2,240 100MAKAMBA 155,000 2,440 64BUUKIRASAZI 215,000 1,025 209GITEGA 230,000 1 i,65 216KARUZI 145,000 1,230 118MURAM:VYA 185,000 665 278MWARO 205,000 845 242KIRUNDO 230,000 2,060 112MUYINGA 190,000 1,435 132KAYANZA 400,000 1,330 301NGOZI 280,000 1,265 221CANCUZO 80,000 1,815 44RUTANA 1 20,000 1,395 86RUYIGI 140,000 2,235 63

BURUNDI 3,350,000 24.,970 134

Exclusive of lakes.Non compris les lacs.

Source: Supplement au Bulletin Statistiq[ue, April 1971.

C\SLT L / C L U

. Z L I v O 6 g t. S L ,F /.IJAO

1z z~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~

73t, elli U-Eu- aj u-L-Lmos~~~~~~~~~~ft' C,'1

l 'in ISZZ) UZZ'Z 1u: ,>ZE£ I

_…[I{ qr °L, ID AGI- :: 7 l [2 q°- WS c3 X7 aA-I ; GnOvM, XJj

OLF SY-

':zI3SLtY1k tLNV AU . .. ',' . (c, fio:LLL& idl.!

[SHB~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ IFnt LE7L7q 77.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Tabl]La.ble au1

DISTR]:BUTION O)F POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX IN NGOZI AND GITEGA AREAS, 1967(In percent of total population)

REPIRTIT'ION DE IA POFPULLTION PAR AGE: ET SEXE; DAANS LES ZONES DE N:GOZI ET GITEGA, 1967(En pourcentage de la population totale)

N_O'I GITEGA ALTCGETHEI /.ENSE]ABLE

M F M F M FH F H F H F

0-4 8.9 9.3 9.0 9.2 9.0 9.2

5-9 8.6 8.8 7.7 7 .2 8.2 8.o

1 (-14 6.8 6.o 7 .8 6.o 7.3 6. c)

1'5-1 9 4.8 40.3 4.9 3.7 4.,8 4.0

20-29 4h1 7.7 5.3 7 .2 4h.7 7 .A

30-39 6.3 7 .2 6.7 6.6 6,5 6.9S

40-49 4.1 4.2 3.6 4.9 3.9 4.6

5(-59 2.1 2 .6 2.6 3..2 2.,3 2.9

60 ancl over/etplus 2.2 2.0 i .8 2. 6 2.0 2.03

Total 47.9 52.1 49.4 50.6 48.7 51 . 3

Source>: SEDES, Enqu6te Statis liqueL Agr-ico:Le 1 967 (dans la regi0n de Ngozi et G-itega, (Paris: September 1 969)

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STAT:[STIQUE

Table/TabLeau 1

DIS'rRIBJTIO[N OF POPULATION B3Y AGE AND SEX IN MUYIMA, RUYIGI AND MOSSO AREAS, 1968-69(In percent of total population)

REPARTITION DE LA POPIJLAT:[ON PAR AGE ET SEXE DANS LES ZONES DE UJYINGA, RUYIGI ET MOSSO, 1968-69(En pourcentage de la population totale)

ND;JYI I1A R1YIGI M0SSO ALTOIETHERgEnsemble

M F M F M F M FH F H F H F H F

0-9 1 4.2 .8 11 .5 I 4.6 1.5.0 1 5.6 1 3.6 1 3.7

0-1'9 12.0 12.1 12.2 13.3 14.2 11.9 12.6 12.4

20-29 6.8 9.10 6.o 8.3 L4.5 6.B 5.9 8.2

30-39 2.9 7.9 4.3 7.8 .4.3 9.3 3.7 8.2

,40-49 3.8 5.1 4.5 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.4 5.4

.50-59 3.7 5,2 3.6 3.8 2.8 2.6 3,4 4.1

60 and over/et plus 2.9 2.6 2.9 1 .2 1.9 0.8 2.7 1.7

Total 46.3 53.7 45.0 55.0 48.0 52.0 46.3 53.7

Source: SEDES, Les regions de Muyinga, Ruyigi et du Mosso 1968-69 (Paris: decembre 1970).

Table/Tableau 1- STATISTICAL ANNEYANNEXE STAI'ISTIQUE

STLf..RY RESULTS OF 'TVE -L970-1971 DEMOGRAPHIC SAMPLE SURVEY

RESUM DES RESULTATS DE LI1ENQIETE DEMCOGRAPHIZ E 1970-71

Number of peopleNombre de personnes

First countinp May 1970 13,883 Premlere enumerat;ion, mai 1970

4 rth s + 57Lf Naissances ))

Dea'ths ) - 284 D 6 cs )

Intriigra:nts ) during year + p pendant 1'annde

Emilgrants ) - 777 Emigrants )

Second counting ,May 1971 &3Lt7 1 L 6nurg6r ion mai 1971

Increasie during year 1.4 Accroissement plendant V'ann6e

Birth rate (per 1,000) i.1 1/ Taux de natalite

Death rate (per 1,000) 20 . i/ Taux de mortalit6

Rate or natural increase (per 1,000) 20.7 1/ Taux dtaccroisse:ment naturel

Actual rate of increase (per 1,000) P.2 Taux dtaccroissement effectif

1 Ca]culated on the basis or the average 1/ Calcules par rapport a la population moyennepopulation of the sample (13,9b3) de Itechantillon (13,9L3)

Source: Enqu8te d6 2gFraphigj e '3rundi 1970-71

Tab e/ableau 1-7 STATISTICAL ANNEX

IA ANNEXE STATISTIQUEMIGRPT7ION 'LI; RU.HAL AREAS, '1970-71

TUGPAT-IONS DANi LEb Z01T3E RURALES, 1970-71'

I. External, M'iration/liirations exterieures

,lumber of people Distribution by country of dE.stination or originNombre de personnes Rep,artition par payss de destination ou dtorigine

Zaire Tanzania Uganda TotalZai're Tanzanie 2anda Total

Emirrantgrantsrants 216 to/a 7/ 20% 10% 100aImmierants/Irrinigrants 5 fro:m/de )t0% 35% 25% 100%

II. Internal MigrationAirations interieures

TNumber of people Distribution by area of destination or orginINombre de personnes Pepartition par zone de destination ou d'origine

Biijumbura Rural areas TotalBujumbura Zones rurales Total

Emigrants/tmigrants 558 to/A 5% lo0%Irnmigrants/Inmiigrants 530 fram/de 2% 98% 100%

III. Tota.l Migrat,2 ion/ations Totales

.Tuirrber of people Distribution by area of' destination or originNombre de rs cnnres LeE2LrtitiLai par zone de destination au d'origjie

Foreign countries Bujitibura Fural. areas TotalPays 4trangers Bu iuLnbura Zones rurales Total

Emigrants/t migrants 777 to/A 2- 7T5 100%Irrmnigrants/Iurriigirants 5' fr om/de 11% 2% 87% 100%

I/ Sample *larvey bRsed on 2 sample ol' eleven IL Enquete d4mograulh±clque basee sur un echantilLon ide"'hii s tot,alin 3,9103 people, onze "collines" comprenant L3, -L L3 ersonnes.

Source: EnCtuete DrogrephiOUe lBurund(i 197O-71.

STATISTICAL ANNEXTable/Tableau 1 -8 ANNEX STATISTIQUE

WAGE EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 1969-71(In number of wage earner's)

EIIPLOI SALARIE PAR SECTEUR,1 969-71(En nombre de salari6s)

1_96'29 1 970 1971

Pural 7mp1lovynent. 55,000 59,0C)0 61 ,400 Emploi rural

- Recorded employment in agricultureL 11 ,l00 1 5,400 17,800 - Emploi recense darns l'agriculture /'1

- Unrecorded employment in rural areas 4L3,600 43,6)oo 43,600 - Emploi rural non recense Z2

Trade and Idustry L 9,800 1 Q.800 1 Commerce et Industrie L

- Recorded empLoyment 6,200 7,200 10,000 - Emploi recense

- Unrecorded employment 3,60D 3,600 3,800 - Emploi recense

Services /4 23.700 33,8(u jL5U0 ServicesE A

TOTAL WAGE EMPLOYME;NT 98,500 103,600 107,700 EMIPLOI SALARIE TOTAL

L Employment in agriculture, anima:L husbandry and fishing. L Emploidans l'agriculture, l11:Levage et la peche.

/2 Part-time or temporary employment of peasant farmers or /2 Emploi a temps partiel, ca ternporaire, de chefsof peop:le exercising a craft, such as potters, carpenters, d'exploitation, cu dlartisans ruraux, tels queblacksmiths, etc. potiers, charpentiers, forgerons, etc.

L Includes mining, manufacturing, public utilities, construc- /3 Y co:mpris les mines, lindustrie, l'eau, l'electricite,tion and civil engineering, trade, catering, transport and construction, travaux publics, le commerce, l'h6teLler--communication services. les transports et communications.

/4 Other than trade, catering transport and communicationL /4 Autres que le comunerce, l'hotellerie, les transportsservices. et les communications.

Source: IL( Source: BIT

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATIST:IQUE

Tabl Tbleaua 1-9

CENTRAL, GOVERNMENT CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT, 1971 AND 1973 LL

PERSONNEL CIVIL EMPLOYE PAR LE GOCVERNEMENT CENTRAL, 1971 ET 1973 LI

General Adrinistration 2_20 2_ Administration Ge'nerale

Social Services Services Sociauxof which: 800 6 450 dont:- education 57860) 4,750) - educatdon

Economic Services 7,680 Li60 Services Econoioquesof which: dont:- agriculture (3,700) (3,600) - agriculture

-- public works (3,280) (2,960) - t,rava.ux publics-- transports and communications (700) (620) - transiport,s et, communications

Total 1 LOW 16,070 Total

/j Including statutiory civil servants, L Y compris les fonctionnairescontract,ual employees arLd day laborers; soumis au staLtut de la Fonctionexcluding employment, by parastatal Publique, les fonctionnairesinstitutions. contractuels et les tiravailleurs

journaliers; a l' exclusion dupersonnel des institutionsparae' tati que s.

Source: Mission estimate!s.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-1

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY SECTOR, 1967-72PRODUIT INERIEUR BRUT PAR SECTEUR, 1967-72

(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de francs Burundi)

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

IN 197CI CONSTANT PRICESEN PRIX CONSTANTS DE 1970

Agriculture, livestock, fishing, forests 10,465 9,958 9,930 11,101 11,281 11,188 Agriculture, dLevage, peche, foretsi

Processing of agricultural products 995 998 985 1,008 1,098 1,137 Transformation de produits agricoles

Other industry 377 388 386 401 414 415 Autrees industries

Construction 411 423 436 449 462 476 Construction

Transport and commerce 1,609 1,630 1,559 1,820 1,891 2,043 Transport et comserce

Other services 725 703 683 736 728 779 Autreas services

Private institutions 450 450 45,0 453 450 4'i0 Instituttions prifves sans butlucratif

Government, social security and Administratiorc etrang6re et na-foreign institutionis 1,2.54 1,357 1,336 1,446 1,557 1,4:35 tionale, sdcurite sociale

GDP at 1970 factor cost 16.286 151907 15,765 17 420l7L 17,923 PIB au coat des facteur6 en 1970

GDP deflator 89.9 93.4 98.2 100.0 104.5 111.8 Ajustements en prix courants

GDP at current factor cost 14,641 14 857 15 481 L7420 18,692 20-038 PIB au coGt coutant des facteurs

of which: dont:

Yonetary 7,9L4 7,822 8,204 9,762 10,741 11,770 Monetaire

Non-monetairy 6,727 7,035 7,277 7,658 7,951 8,268 Non mondtaire

Source: 1970 - Comptes Economiques; Source: 11970- Comptes Econoiniques;other years - mission estimates autres anndes - estimations de

la mission

STATISTICAL ANNEX

ANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-2GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, 1967-72

PRODUIT INTERIEUR BRUT ET PRODUIT NATIONAL E'RUT, 1967-72(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de franc.s Burundi)

19I67 1968 ]L969 1970 1971 1972

Gross Domestic Product at: factor cost 14,641 14.857 15.481 17,420 l8,692 2Q0038 Produit interieur brut au coat des

facteurE

Indirect taxes, net of subsidies 960 1,173 1,162 1,592 1,540 1,625 Imp8ts indirects, moins las sub-ventions

Gross Domestic Product at: market prices 15I601 16030 1 6

19012 20,232 21 663 Produit interieur brut au:x pricdu marche

Net factor incomes iErom abroad -991 -1,183 -1,053 -1,171 -1,357 -1,155 Revenus nets des facteurs de 1exterieur

Gross National Product at. market prices 14, 610 14.847 15,590 17,841 1B,875 20,508 Produit Nationail Brut aux prix dumarche

Source: Mission estimates Source: Estimations de la mission

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-3

PESOURCE USE, 1967-72RESSOURCES ET EIMPLOIS, 1967-72

(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de francs Burundi)

1967 :L968 1969 1970 197]. 1972

Final Consumption 15,081.4 15,616.5 16,156.0 17,747.0 l8,924.0 21,284.0 Consommnation finale

Gross cixed capital formation 697.3 909.4 897.4 1,264.5 1,386.9 1,066.9 Formation brute de capital fixe

Change in stocks (coffee only) -8.4 -3.6 -5.0 +113.4 +326.1 -252.7 Mouvement des stocks (cafe seulement)

Net import of goods andi non-- 169.3 492.3 405.4 113.1 405.4 435.3 Importation nette de biLens et services

factor services non facteurs

Gross Domestic Product at Market 15 601.0 16,030.0 1 1643.0 9012.0 .20 232.0 21 663.0 Produit Interieur Brut aux prix

Prices du marche

Source: Mission estimates Source: Estimations de la mission

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNE)E STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-4i

DISTRIBUTION OF FACTOR INCOME BETWEEEN P'EASANT ECONOMY AND MODERN SECTOR, 1970REPARTITION DES REVENUS DE FACTEURS ENTRE L'ECONOMIE PAYSANNE ET LE SECTEUR MODERNE, 1970

Peasant ModderrLEconomy SectorEconomie Secteur TotalPaysanne Moderne Total

Estimated numbear of' families 700,000 60,000) 760,000 Nombre de. familles (estimation)- Percent 92.1 7.9 100.0 - Pourcentage

Factor Income (FBu Mill:Lon) 12,600 4,800 17,400 Revenius de facteurs (Millions de FBu)- Percent 72,4 27.6 1.00.0 - Pourcentage

Factor Income per f'ami4y (FBu) 18,000 80,000 22,900 Revenu de fa.:teur par famille (FBu)

Source: Comptes Economiquels, 1970

STATISTIUCAL ANNEXTable/rableau 2-5 ANNEXE STATISTIQUE

FACTOR INCOI3M IN PEASANT ECONOMY, 19'70

REVENUS DE FACTEURS DE 'ECONOMIE PAYSANKE, 1970

Millions ofBurundi FrancsMi'llions defrancs ThBurandi %

Food crops 99m 7:wL6 Agricuilture vilvri4reExport CrOps 1,083. 8.6 Agricultu;re d'exportationAnimnal husbandry 771 16.1 E'levageFishing 46 o0. P8che traditionneLleForestry 128 1.0 Produits de 1la fozrt (bqis)Foodstuff prod4ction 5 509 h4.0 Artisanat alimen0ire YRtural, crafts 2 82 0.7 Artisanat rural 21Traditional housing 221 '1.7 Habitat traditionnelFRural traLde 744 5.9 Comunerce traditionnelRural services 6 - Services traditionnels

l'otal Factor Inoccnes 1242. 100.0 Revenus de facteur totaux

I/ Mostly traditional beer brewing using 1J Principalement fabrication traditionnelle debsnanats and sorghum as inputs. boissons alcooliques A partir de bananes et

de sorgho.In/ Icludes basket-Ma.king, clothing, leather 2J Vannerie, conf'ection, travail du cuir, du, fer,working, iron-wforking, carpentry, pottery, du bois, f'abrication de la c4ramique tradition-brick-rnaking aLnd limestone burning. nelle, des briques et de la chaux.

Source: CoQvtes Economicques 1970.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-6

PEASANT ECONOMY: FACTOR INCOMES PER CAP'ITA IN NCOZL AND MUYINGA AREAS, 1970-71

ECONOMIE PAYSAtlNE: REVENUS DE FACTEURS PAR TETT DANS IES ZONES DI; NGOZI ET DE MUYINGA, 1970-71

NGOiI MUY7NGA NGOCZI AND MUYINGA

I. MOliETARY BuF/FBu % BuF/FBu 7. BuF/FEu 7 I. MONETAIRE

Foodstuff 592 26.4 354 39.7 476 23.7 Agricultoire vivriere

Exporl crops, 500 22.3 233 26.2 370 22.3 Cultures d'exportation

Animal Husbandry, Hunting, Fislhing 286 12.7 126 14.1 208 12.6 Elevage, chasse, peche

Rural Crafts; 216 9.6 10 1.1 115 6.9 Artisanat rural

Rural trade 308 13.7 20 2.2 167 10.1 Commerce rural

SalarLes and other factor incomne 343 1]5.3 148 16.6 320 19.3 Salaires et autres revenus de facteurs

Monetary Factor Income 2,245 1(0.0 891 100.0 1 100.0 Revenus de facteurs mon6taires

II. TOTAL 11. TOTAL

Monetary 2,25 45.1 891 29.7 1,656 40.6 Mcn6taire

Non-monetary 54.9 2,105 70.3 2,425 59.4 NoIn-mondtaire

- Food consuimptiorn on the farm (2,230) (1,725) (1,983) - Autocconsoramation alimentaire

- Wood consumptiorn on the farm ( 501) ( 380) ( 442) - Autoccnsommation de bois

Total Factor Inconies 4_976, 100.0 2,996 100.0 4_081 100.0 Reven.s facteurs totauK

III AVERAGE FACTORt INCOME PER CAPITA III REVENLIS DE FACTEURS MOYENS PAR TETE

IN PEASANT ECONOMY AS PER 1970 DE L'ECONOMIE PAYSANNE D'APRES LES

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 1/ ; £ F /FBu 7. COMPTES NATIONAUX 1970 1/

- Monetary 634 16.1 - Mor.ntaire

- Non-monetary 3,313 84.9 - Nora-mon4taire

- Total 3,947 100.0 - Total

1/ Total Factor iricome in peasant economy amountEtd I/ Les revenus de facteurs totaux de l'6co-

to BuE million 12,634 in 1970, of which 10,602 nomie paysanne 9aelevait a 12.634 millions

were non--monetized, according to the 1970 de francs Bur-undi en 1970, dont 10.602 re-

National Accourits. Rural population is estimated presentaient la part de I'autoconsomrmation

at 3,200,000 irn 1970, representing 95.571 of total d'apres les Comptes Nationaux 1970. La po-

population. pulation rurasle en 1970 est estimee a3,200, ce quL repr6sentait 95,5%' de la Po-

pulation totale.

Soarce: SEDES,, Enpuete Statistique alinrentaire et budgtaire 1970-71 dans la

region Ngozi et Muyinga (Paris, 1973).

STATISTI:CAL ANNEX

TableTableau 2-7 ANNEXE STATISTIQUE

FACTOR INCOMES IN IKDERN PIfVATE SECTOR, L970

REVENUS DE FACTEURS DU SECTEUR PRIVE MODERNE 1/ 1970

Mil:Lions ofBurmndi FrancsMillions defrancs 'Buruirdi %

Industrial f'ishing 2/ 33 1.1 Piche incdustriel-Le 2Processing of ag: cultural products' 61 2.1 Premiere transformatiLon sSi produLits agricolesFood industries 21 438 1L5.2 Industries aLimentaires 37Textile, clothing, leather industries 49 1.7 Textiles, confection, cu'LrMining, energy 614 2.2 Mines et e'nergieWood and paper industr49s 29 1.0 Bois et papier /Mechanical industries W 130 4.5 '[ndustries m46chaniques yChemicals and constrLction materials 4B 1.7 :Produits chimiquets et materiaux de constructionBuilding and construction 223 7.9 3atimnent et travaur publicsTransport and communications 238 8.3 Transport et PTTModern trade 838 29.0 CornmerceModern services 529 '18.3 Services modernesBanking, insurance 201 7.0 Banques et assurances

Total Factor Income 886 100.0 lRevenus de facteur totaux

ii Includes Government services and parastatql 2/ Y compris les activLtes industrielles e1; counmercialesorganizations that are run commercially. de 'ltEtat et des orgpanismes parastataux,

2J Includes parchment coffee processing, cotton 2 D6parchage ?i cafe, egrenage du coton, fermentationginning, tea and paddy processing. et sAchage Ilu the elt decortiquage dL paddy.

3 Mostly beer brewing. J Principalement brasserie.Including vehicle maintenance and repairs. hJ Y compris les services d'entretien et de reparations

de vehicules./ Includes rents paid for housing, catering / Y compris les loyers de maisons d'habitation,

services, fees and other various services 11hatellerie, lies honoraires et d'autres servicessuch as those of taxicabs. tels que ceax des taxis.

Source: Comptes Economi .esj170.

STAT'ISTICAL INNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-8

FACTOR INCOME FROM DfSTITUTIONS, 1.970REVENUS DE FACTEURS :DES ADMINISTRATIONS, 197°

(In millions of Burundi Francs)(En milliers de Francs Burundi)

Burundi Private Foreign Total Factor D)istributionGovernment Institutions Administration IncomeGouvernement Institutions Admainistrations Revenus de %du Burundi Privees Etrangeres facteurs totaux Repartition

General Administration 450 J 109 415 974 51.3 AdbministrAt:ion generale

Economic. Services 1.65 - 94 259 1L3 .6 Services 6conomiques

Education 76 333 134 543 28.6 Edlucation

Hea:Lth 112 12 -124 6.5 Sant;

Total Factor I Ei 803 454 ILD100. 0 Revenus facteurs totaux

1/ I]ncluding Social Security (INSS) l/ Y compris lai Securite

Sociale (INSS)2/ Including Applied Research (ISA]BU, 2/Y compriis la recherche

IJNDP Mining Research Project) applique6e (ISABU,Projet

de recherches minieresdu PNUD)

Source: Com)tes Economiques 1970

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNXE,I STATISTIQUE

Table/lableau 2-9

INVESTMENT ANI) SAV]NGS ,1966-72INVESTISSE11ENTS ET EPARGNE, 1 6672

(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de franics Burundi)

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Fixed public investments 420.7 487.3 679.4 724.5 873.7 977.6 966.9 Formation de capital fixe public

Fixed private investments 190.0 210.0 230.0 172.9 390.8 409.3 100.0 Formation de capital fixe prive

CharLge in stock!; - -8.4 -3.6 -5.0 +113.4 +326.1 -252.7 Mouvement des stocks

Gross Investment 610.7 688.9S 905.8 892.4 1377.9 1713.0 814.2 Inivestiissement brut

Resource balance -320.8 -169.3 -492.3 -405.4 -113.1 -405.4 -435.3 Bialance des ressoi,rces

(:oss Dome!stic Ssavings 289.9 519.6 413.5 487.0 12,54.8 1307.6 378.9 Elm srgn_: ' rieure brute

Net factor incomnes from abrDad -822.2 -990.5 -1182.8 -1053.0 -1171.3 -1357.1 -1155.1 Revenus nets des facteurs de lext6rieur

Current transfers fromn abroad 595.8 696.1 875.0 905.3 1052.6 1250.5 1155.7 Tiransferts courants de l'exteri.eur

Gross National Savings 63.5 225. 2 105.7 339.3 1146.1 1201.0 379.5 E,pargne Nationale Brute

RATIOS RPkPPORTSInvestment as 7. of GDP: Iavestissements en % du l'IB

Fixed n.a. 4.5 5.7 5.4 6.7 6.9 4.9 Fixe

Total n.a. 4.4 5.7 5.3 7.3 8.5 3.8 Total

Domestic savings as % of GDP n.a. 3.:3 2.6 2.9 6.7 6.5 1.8 Epargne interieure en %7 du PIB

Resource balance as % of GDP n.a. 1.1 3.1 2.4 0.6 2.0 2.0 Balance des ressources en % du PIB

Resource balance as % of Investment 52.5 24.6 54.4 45.4 8.2 23.7 53.5 Balance des ressources en7 % des investissements

National Savings as % of GNP n.a. 1.' 0.7 2.2 6.4 6.4 1.9 Epargne nationale en % du PNB

Source: Mission estimates Source: Estimations de la mission

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE SiTATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-10

CROSS fIXED CAPITAL FORMATION BY SECTOR, 1966-72FORMATIObN BRUTE DE CAPITAL FIXE PAR SECTEuR, 1966-72

(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de frmncs Eiurundi)

1.966 1967 19,68 1969 1970 1971 1972

Agriculture, Livestock and Fishing 237.0 204.5 236.2 290.9 541.1 520.7 505,2 Agriculture, elevage, peche

Mining 12.5 0.9 5.0 33.1 36.2 39.1 55.3 Mines

Transporit 30.0 133.5 116.4 99.5 129.1 236.3 217.6 Transport

Communications 16.2 27.1 40.3 34.6 64.1 34.9 3.5 Ccomunications

Public Utilities 11.2 L9.8 89.0 91.4 P').1 42.5 10.4 Energle, eau

Industry 70.1 S6.7 69.7 104.0 47.8 62.1 43.5 Industrie

Comrnerce 70.0 77.0 84.0 70.0 91.0 112.0 70.0 Ccrrce

Other 1/ 163.6 197.9 268.8 173.9 275 .1 339.3 161.4 Autres 1/

TOTAL 610.7 697.4 909.4 897.4 1264.5 1386.9 1066.9 TOTAL

I/ Of which approximately: i/ Dont apprpoximativement:Eduication 19% Enseignement 19%Health services 6% Santo 6%Housing 45% Logements 45%Public buildings 77. Blatiments publics 7%Unallocated 232, Non affectes 23%

Source: Mission estimates. Source: Estimations de lai mission.

STATISTICAL ANINEXANNEXE ST'ATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 2-11

INVESTMENT BY SOURCE OF FINANCE, 19615-72

INVESTISSEMENTS PAR SOURtCE DE FINANICENEMT, 1966-72

(in millions of Burundi francs)(en millions de francs Burundi)

Source of finance 11966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Source de financement

UN Group 26.5 59.2 66.2 135.2 184.8 146.1 Grcupe des N.U.

EDF 111.8 106.5 105.3 177.6 248.5 329.9 442.8 FEED

Belgium 66.8 113.5 118.2 105.1 114.7 114.6 95.0 Belgique

Fr.nce 27.9 44,3 62.9 23.3 89.8 41.9 41.2 France

Germany (Fed. Rep.) 50.8 15.0 37.5 104.3 24.3 22.3 11.1 Rdp. Fdddrale Allemannde

IDA 3.6 2.6 34.8 28.8 32.7 44.6 44.1 IDA

Other external sources - - - 26.3 48.1 79.3 32.7 Autres sources ext6rieures

(Toltal external sources) (260.9) (308.4) (417.9) (531.6) (693.3) (817.4) (813.0) (Total des soutces lfnternattonales)

Extraordinary buidget 107.7 89.9 133.3 108.3 1]08.3 90.5 96.9 Budgets extraa,rdinaLres

Other government investments - - - 6.0 4.0 21.0 29.0 Aultres investissements du gouvernement

Public bodies 52.1 89.0 128.2 78.6 68.1 48.7 28.0 Orlganismes d'intdrigit public

Companies 100.0 110.0 120.0 100.0 130.0 160.0 100.0 Soci6tes

Households 90.0 100.0 110.0 72.9 260.8 249.3 - M6nages

Gross fixed capital formation 610.7 697.3 909.4 897.4 1264.5 1386.9 1066.9 Formation brulte de capit kl fixe

Change in stockis (coffee ornly) - - 8.4 - 3.16 - 5.0 t113.4 +326.1 -252.7 MouvemerLts des Stocks (uniquement carfd)

Gross domestic ILnvestment 610.7 688.9 905.8 892.4 1377.9 171L3.0 814.2 Investissements interieurs bruts

Source: Missiona estimatesEstimation de la rnission.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Table au 3-1

GOVERIGENT FINANCES, 1969-72SITUATION FINIANCIERE DU GOUVERNENENT, 19,69-72

(in millioris of Burundi francs)(en milliorns de f rancs burundi)

1969 1970 1971 L972

rrX*_AL1vnu= 1782 2175 2442 2585 Recettes courantts

Ordinary budget receipts 1694 2093 2312 Z529 Recettes du budget ordinaire

Other curient revenues 8El 82 130 56 Autres recettes courantes

of which dont

(road fund) (17) (16) (22) (19) (fondea routier)

(Belgiatn aid) (41) (39) (39) (39) (aide belge)

(othergs) (32) (27) (69) (-2) (autreas)

Current expenditures 1613! 2151 2191 2553 D6penses courantes

Ordinary budget current expenditure 1627 1803 1903 2256 Depenses courantes du budget cordinaire

Other current expenditures -1S 41 55 46 Autres depenses courantesof which dlont

(interest on foreign loan). (1!) (14) (12) (11) (intdi-rt sur dette extdrieure)

(operaLtion on coffee) ( -) ( -) (51) (-20) (r6guLarisation campagne cafd)

(others) (-311) (27) (-8) (55) (autrets)

Payment of arrears 4 307 223 251 Remiboursenrent des arri6r6s

Current balance 169 24 251 32 Solde aur opdrations courantes

Capital expenditures 219 211 153 83 dpenses ien capital

Investment budget 114 112 112 126 Budget d'investissement.

of which diont

(extriordinary budget) (108) (108) (91) (97) (budgets extraordirnaires)

(other expenditure) (6i) (4) (21) (29) (autres depenses)

Other investments 44 68 12 12 Autres investissiements

Net loans 6 I 31 29 -55 Pr.its nets

Overall balance -50 -187 98 -51 Solde alobal

financed by financd par

Domestic borrowing, net 41) 170 -80 98 Emprunts intdrieurs, netscf which dont

(banking system) (101) (27) (-50) (98) (systbme banicaire)

(other financial ir.stitutLons) (-71) (9) (44) (-48) (autres institutions finsenci6res)

(other Treasury operations) (ID) (134) (-74) (48) (autres operstions du Trasor)

Foreign borrowing, net 10 17 -18 -47 Empr.nts exterieurs, nets

of which dont

(Loans) (44) (54) (12) (12) (emprunts)

(repayments) (34) (38) (30) (58) (amortissements)

Source: Banque de la R4p.bliq.e

STATISTICAL A8frlEXAIfREO STATIST1QUER

T.bl./Tableo. 3-2

ORDINARY BoUDCET REVENLUES, 1965-73RECETTES DU BUDGET ORDINAIRE, 1965-73

(In mIlilooi d. Burundi ft.c.)(.o elillon. d. frooco Burundi)

1985 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1/

Direct tocj. 323.7 435,4 530.1 652.7 605.8 641.0 753.8 830.3 776.7 I)goOt. dir..ot.

0roo t-n. 14fl.5 213.1 279.6 402.2 309.9 339.4 458.9 550.7 500.2 1.p6t. .ur Ieo rev.o.et IbcndtIc6 -

of whtch ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dontof h6tuh

(eorp:or.te) (64.0) (94.4) (120.7) (194.0) (162.1) (145.9) (228.3) (300.4) (255.0) (So-iti4l.)

(i.di,viduOl) (81.5) (107.1) (151.6) (193.1) (140.6) (187.6) (219.0) (239.0) (236.0) (F-rtluller.)

(other) (7.0) (13.6) (7.3) (15.1) (7.2) (5.9) (11.6) (11.3) 'q.2) (At-re.)

Ptll tCo 139.5 17;!.4 119.7 189.9 233.6 248.2 240.1 229.2 225.0 Cootrlbution per-oonle .11. ini

Property ooe. 35.7 4SI.9 6.0.8 60.6 62.3 53.4 54.8 50.4 51.5 IqPat* rdel.

of vhich dont

(c-ttle) (17. 1) (2:1.8) (31.5) 1:34.9) (35.8) (29.5) (27.6) (25.1) (25.5) (bdtall)

(r..l *ot-te) (17.2) (14..7) (17.71) (13.9) (15.0) (12.8) (13.6) (13.4) (13.5) (foncler)

(vehi,llO *nd bicytl-o) (11.4) (11.,4) (1.2.2) 1:11.8) (11.6) (11.1) (13.6) (11.9) (12.5) (odhi-ules et bicycl, t..)

ldldireqt t: xe 679.4 814.9 908.2 1013.2 953.1 1313.1 0418.1 1533.8 1387.2 1,51Se in 1Orec

T-ne, on fore-in r-d. 501.6 594.5 653.0 705.8 570.5 891.9 945.0 1018.9 861.6 T.... .ur 1. co r-e .orl1ur

of vhioo dont

(Ilpoct dutlel) (316.3) (366.7) (362.3) (4,70.3) (414.6) (483 .2) (600.37 (534.8) 1:518.0) (drolt. d'nt-de)

(eoport duti.,.) (18tl.1) (1813.8) (2:10.1) (:74.4) (100.6) (351.9) (272.5). (401.9) 1273.2) (dro-t d. -ortlo)

(otacaloonIoeOou) (5'.2) (31. 0) (651.4) (61.1) (53.3) (56.8) (72.2:, (82.2) (70.4) (dI --e)

Coooooreptloo toot 169).8 220.4 254.4 :255 .1 291.4 320.9 367.5 402.9 410.0 Tunxe de oooooatl.oo

T-roover OX - . 52.3 91.2 100.3 105.6 112.0 115.6 Iop&t our 1 c4hiflro d'off.ire-

Other recuatit 181.5 97.0 1,.0.4 L27.1 135.3 138.8 140.0 165.3 163.9 A,utre. re-ott-.

Tutol Ord:LoOcy Reoloto 1180.6 1341.8 15718.7 1193.0 1694.2 2092.9 2311.9 2529.4 1327.8 R-tet rdlootro. ottl,!

1/ Budget OOtliOt-O 1/ PrMvi.t.o- bcdgitoire,

So,urce.: lliostrit d.e Fi--oces

SUTISIRCAL ArMXSAJIHf STATI10I IQUE

Tabl./trbl-t -1.3

ORDINARY BU1D1WT EXPENlITURES 1965-73DE15ENSISS RU RXDDET ORDIKAIRE [165-73

(1 mitlloon of S.r1-di ftrmo.)(e nilIlo-s do fr-o-. B.-ndi)

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1.97) U

1.nOral indoIniotr.t3oo 378.4 431.8 498.6 483.9 484.2 501.7 490. 3 637.6 9Z8.5 .Adm6n1.trtion gdnsIe-.

Ioci.1 o.n-o1.ooe 415.8 496.1 546.5 576.5 608.5 669.1 741.7 702.9 768.3 orvfc.. .ocl..Io

of d hlt

( -d- -ton) (m81.9) (345.1) (377.1) (420.7) (464.6) (522.0) (584.5) (549.3) (576.2) (td-ontio)

(heolch and .o.iel "ffoir,) (133.9) (151.0) (169.4) (155.8) (143.9) (147.1) (157.2) (153.6) (192.1) (...ti poblio.. et offtri- *octlen)

Eonooitt .arv1on 3724.2 370.8 377.4 338.1 307.1 342.1 353.6 378.5 424.1 S-.vlc- 6-o-oiqoeC

of ,hInh dont(.I1co-ltr.' *nd liest-ock) (111.6) (99.4) (102.5) (106.6) (107.2) (97.9) (110.0) .105.2) (118.6) (ogrIno1ture *t Olv-ge)(psbllc -orl:) (184.2) (216.4) (226.9) (185.5) (156.9) (200.1) (198.0) (223.0) (242.4) (tr-vocx p.bli..)

)corxoonic.tlonsl lt20.4) (55.0) (48.0) ;46.C; (41.0) (4..1) (45.6) (50.3) (63.1) (co.n.n .tlon.)

NRtionol ..c.rlty 1.81.9 200.1 215.9 236.9 234.9 274.4 299.9 428.9 492.4 SdcoitOe not.onolo

P.blic debt -enrio 20.1 66.5 74.2 91.4 115.6 68.C 57.3 89.2' 99.9 Servi-e d.tc- pnbliq..of vchi.h dont

(atoortfootlon) c.o. o.a. (44.7) (59.5) (68.5) (16.5) (21.0) (54.1) (49.9) (- c'r'i.Jetnt)

(int-reet poy-te) n.e. n.e. (29,5) (31.9) (47.1) (51.5) (36.3) (34.S') (50.0) (p.le.n-t intdnfL.)

Total ex.loding po.nent of arre4!ro 1349.5 1535.8 1702.6 1726.8 1750.3 1855.3 1942.8 2236.9! 2413.2 Total. tx lu. I li.id tjto- des a,rifr8e

Poymn.t of *rreos n.. r.t. no-. n.o. 4.1 - 17.4 110.1 120.0 Ltqut.dat.lo 0 d nenldoOt

Total 1754.4 1855. 1960.2 2346.9 2533.2 Totol

0.0. 0ot 0.vlloblo n.i. mdl.ponIble

1/ SOdget entt-ut.. j/ Prdv:1lcnn bvdgelreoSour-: Mi.i.ctrr des Fivoocos end Stnqu de lo Rpubli.que.

STAT'ISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 3-4

ORDINARY BUDGET EXPENDIT'URES - ECONOMfIC CLASSIFICALTION ,1969-72DEPENSES DU BUDGET ORDINAIRE - CLASSIFICATION ECONOMIQUE,1969-72

(inI millions of Burundi Francs)(en millions de Fran.cs Burundi)

1969 1970 1971 1972

Ordinary budget expenditures 1754 1855 1960 2347 Dpenses du budlget ordinaire

minus capital expenditures in. the ordiLnary' 128 52 57 91 moins dlpenses en capital dans le budgetbudget ordinELireof which dont

(debt amortization) (69) (17) (2i) (54) (amorEissement de la dette publique)(net loan) (59) (35) (36) (37), (prets nets)

Ordinary budget current expenditures 1627 1803 1.903 2256 D6penses courantes du budget ordinaire

Wages and salaLries 1030) 1079 1124 113L RMmungratio.ns du personnLel

Goods and services 358 469 486 732 Biens et setrvices

Transfers 234 255 276 283 Transferts

Payment ofE arrears 4 - 17 110 Liquidation des impay6s

Sour ce: Min:Lstere des Finances

STATISTICAL JUMXlAPZ)OIE STATISTIQUE

Table/lablea- 3.5

EXTPAORDIIARY UDCET EXPENDITURES, 1966-72DEPENSES DU BIJD(ET E7TRAORDINAIRE, 1966-72

(in nilltons of Burundi francs)(en milions de francs Burundi)

19'6 1967 196'i 1969 1970 1971 1972,

Agriculture 24.7 16,2 34.t 25.91 33.18 16.90 63.24 Aieculturl

Taeo projects, coanterpairt 11.54 10.72 7.80 11.60 Contreprrtie, projets thdiculture

Dairy farming and animal husbandry 2.29 0.04 1.20 7.56 perma dEldevego et Iaiterie

Msosso Rice Project - - 0.61 5.33 Projet rio Mosso

?Iosso-Can,kuo project _ 5.211 0.75 1.14 Projet Moaao-Cankuso

11AB project - - - 5.5,9 ITAB

Phytopharmac-utic produc:ts 1.98 2.97 - - jkhat produits phytoph,armaceutique

Fishery project - - 2.96 1.i2 ID)vtloppement plche

Reforestation 4.28 7.33 0.59 1.19 Reboisecents

Fositry project 0.E8 0.09 - - Programe a*icole

DiKversificatlon crops 0.517 2.77 1.94 - IDiversification des cult.rea

Irrigation 0.t1 0.65 - -Trovaux d irrigs,tion

ISABU - expansion 1.01 - - lIxteaslona-ISARU

Ol:her 2.1.5 3.33 1.05 28.5S1 Autreas

hinag. counterpart to UN{DP reseairch proJict 2.5 _ 5..i6 6.13 3.92 3.39 Mines, cm 4rep-r . -olect de irecherches P817,

Transport 6.4 28.2 32,l 42.15 28.74 36.1! 21.16 TraVAport

Road Fund (maintenance) 16.07 15.55 19.04 7.41 Fonds routier (entretten)

Equipment 13.30 3.74 - - Equipewants

I,provement of asphalt roade 9.'95 0.71 - - Rev6tement routes asphaltdes

Bridges 2.47 - - _ Ponts

Road Bujumbura-Nyanea Lac - 1.23 1.64 - eoute Bajumbur&-Nyanza Lac

Other rosads 0.36 0.67 - 2.69 Autres routes

(S.btotal-roads) (43.5) (7.6) (31.3) (42.15) (21.90) (20.63) (10.10) (Sous-total ro,tes

Airport - - 6.9,3 2.20 AArogare

Vehicles - 6.fl4 8.52 8.86 Achat de vdhicles

Cousunications ,7.3 0.5 16.8 1.18 13.03 8.88 2.44 Communications

Counterpart-Phtlips projetc - 2.26 7.62 2.44 Contrepartie-projet Philips

Debt ser,ice-Ph1lips project - 10.77 0.01 * Service de dette - projet PhLlips

Telephone cables 1.18 - 1.11 * Cable t6lAphoniques

Radio sttiton - - 0.14 * Construction T.S.F.

Pov.er rrJ electrLfication - 0.2 16.95 11:.7 - Energie, electrification rurale

Coyernment buildirs.s 1.3 1L.0 17.8 11.60 6.27 23.C7 4.96 Bati.ents publics

Mjilitary erpendit-.res 17.2 17. 9 17.9 _ 2.07 0.12 _ _ DEpenses ntlita.res

Other e.peldit.rei! 43.2 26.2 14.4 5.17 _7.54 1.49 1. 96 Autres d4penses

TOTAL 107.7 _ 3.9 133.3 108.32 108.34 90.54 96.85 TOTAL

Source: ML.ntstbr- des Finances

STATISTICAL ANrNEX

ANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tabl.eau 4-1

MONETARY SURVEY, 1966-73SITUATION MONETAIRE, 1966-73

(Enid period, in billions of Burundi Francs)(En fin de per:Lode, et en mailliards de francs Burundi)

Selpt. Sept:.1966 1967 1768 1969 1970 1971 1972 1972 1973

Money j/ 1.29 1.58 1.61 1.67 2.07 2.49 2,41 2.56 2.91 Monnaie 1/

of i,hich dont

(currency in c-irculation) (0.90) (1.01) (1.04) (1.03) (1.19) (1.33) 1.37) (1.49) (1.65) (billets en circulation)

Quasi-money 2/ 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 Q,asi-monnaie

Other liabiLities (Net) -0.04 0.01 -0.15 -0.15 0.24 0.37 0.88 0.57 0.88 Autres engagements (Nets)

TOTAL 1.34 1.62 1.51 1.60 2.45 2.98 3.42 3.27 3.94 TOTAL

Foreign Assets (Net) tJ 0.53 0.34 0.01 0.05 0.66 1.06 1.40 1.11 1.34 Rdserves de change (Nettes) 3/

Claims on Government (Net) 0.44 0.62 0.83 0.95 0.86 0.75 0.82 0.62 0. 62 Cresnces s :r le Tresor (Nettes)

Claims on Private Sectoir (Net) 0.37 0.66 0.67 0.60 0.93 1.17 1.20 1.54 1.98 Credit au secteur prive (Net)

1/ Includes currency, demand deposits 1/ f compris leep billets en circulatton,and Post Office checking deposits les dep6ts a vue et lea soldes crd-

2/ Savings deposits liteurs des compte-cheques posLaux.3/ Rate of exchange: US$1 BuF 87.5 from 1966 2/ Comptes d epargne

through end 1972, and BuF 78,8 since 3/ Caux de change:ldollar EU-87,5 francsbeginning of 1973. BurundL de 1966 jusqu', la fin 1972,

et 78,8 Franics Burundi dkepuis ledSbut de 1973.

Source: IMF, Interrtional Financial Statistics

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 4-2

BANK CREDIT TO PRIVATE SECTOR 1966-72CREDITS BANCAIRES AIJ SECTEUR PRIVE' 1966-72

(En year, inm millions of Burundi Francs)(En f'in d'ennde, et en millions de francs Burundi)

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 197:2 L973

Short term credits 368 660 663 565 869 1,090 1,117 Cr4ddts h court terme

aontof which:

- Import credits (115) (195) (144) (135) (159) (134) (148) -Cr6dits h l'importation

- Export credits ('55) (155) (184) (114) (440) (713) (750) -Cr6dits b l'exportation

Mediuim and long t,erm credits j/ 2 10 38 60 84 85 Credits h moyen et h long terme 1/

TOTAL 3658 662 673 603 929 1,174 1,20 TOTAL

1/ operations of the National I/ Operations de la Banque Nat:[onaleDevelopment Bank. de Developpement Economatque.

Source: rKF, International Financial Statistic-s and /et Banique de! la Relpublique du Burundi.

STATISTICAI ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

rable /Tableau 4-3

STRUCTURE OF INWEREST RATES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1972STRIUCTURE DES TAUX lINTERET All 31 DECEMBRE, 1972

INTEREST PAID BY CO MRCIAL BANKS INTERET PAYE PAR LES BANQlJES COMERCIAIES

ON SUR:

- Savings Passbooks 3.00-4.50% - Livrets d14pargne

- Time Deposits l. 75-4.5M. - Comptes h terme fixe ou h preavis

INTEREST CHARGES BY COMMERCIAL BANKS INTERET DEMAND], PAR IES BANQUES COMIERCIALRES

FOR FINANCING: PO1UR FINANCER:

- Imports 6.00-7 .50o,r - Les importations

- Exports 3.007. - Les exportations

- Processing of agricultural. products 3.00% - Lai transformation des produits agricoles

- Other industrial/commercial operatiorns 5.00-7.50% - Autres opdrations commerciales et industrielles

- Overdraft facilities 9.00% - Les avances en compte courant

INTEREST CHARGES BY TIE CENTRAL BIANK INT]ERET DEMANDE PAR LA BANQUE DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU BURUNDI

FOR POUR:

(:I) REDISCOUNTING (I) REESCOMPTER IES

- Banker's acceptances financing imports 6.007% - Acceptations banca,ires caus6es par le financement .iimportations

- Banker's acceptance financing exports 3.00% - Acceptationis bancaires causdes par le financement d'expCrtations

- Other bills 5.00-6. 00%7 - Autres effets

I II) OVERDRAkFT FACILITIES (II) AVANCES CARANTIES PAR MISE EN PENSIONSECUREID BY TREASURY BILLS DE BONS DU TRESOR

- with maturity of 1. month 9.50% - Bons du Tresor a 1. mois

- wi.th maturity of 1. year 5.25% - Bons du Tresor a IL an

Source: BRB, Ralpport Annuel 1972

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 4-4

CONSUMER PIRICE INDICES, 1965-1972INDICES DES PRIX A LA CONSOMMATION, 1965-1972

(annual averages)(moyennes annuelles)

African Consumption European ConsumptionConsolmmation Africaine _ Consonnation Europilenne

of which: of which:Total dont: Total dont:

Food Clothing Food ClothingAlimentation Ve^tements AlimentELtion Vet:ements

1965 ]L00.0 lt00.0 100.0 100,,0 100.0 100.0

1966i 1L04.5. 104.8 103.4 104.7 107.6 105.7

1967 ]103.3; 101.3 107.4 110,,1 111.9 117.0

1968 1O08.6 1:10.7 109.9 113,3 114.2 123.2

1969 114.0 1;14.1 1:L3.9 119.3 119.8 131.7

1970) 113.8 1:10.8 1:18.4 123.3 124.6 143.8

1971 118.2 11-6.2 124.9 129.3 129.8 156.9

1972 122.7 11.8.0 128.6 141,4 141.9 186.3

Source: Departement des Statistiques

IrIaXTlC6L 1W

Vomsu r au O FI~ an". NUIWT by 031IDSU361, 1972MlU MS IIIIIIIALDUWIAtm SUIt 318 MACIES RU& aRn A1DhILMmIs43 1972

was ~~~15A5 IX3ulmi!S 146235 90.CMS flucR iaitr am PTAMIW CASSASA POKA21US TAM

Rns Rn.U RnL Rn. ML. Rn. me. n. R, NRn. arn. Bin. M. Rn. gm Rna. MI a. R. I",IZJRXANI A 1O J.35 P, 15 J.310 13,30 Jr, L 0. 7 3b3 II.1 to 31 5 D 312 Kra8 0.3 1, 2 it10 3,3 J o5 itCIBITYMS IN1 it 3! 6 J,, 8 At 8 3,1Is 3, 8 1010 D. 5 IN J? J.3 8 3 4 ,,10 Sp 7 QC 5 itNfl8ALX D ~ 10 At14 Dc 17 At1 ItD kG A, 6 0,.10 At4 6 .10 ME6 L3.6 At 4 3,6 At 4 3461 It At6 l35 A441013013 RV3 Ls At10 l,,'0 At 10 75.S 310 33 11,1 0 At t 0.1 is .110 TV to Sp I 5 5 oh, 0 SpS0 0,1 to 3Jo14613(6 A.13 At ih.S 4At10 A,0 Jo At70 0. 7 A.5 Olpl MA a l 1460 At6 A. 4 Jo,1 3I At..I mlO to ,e0 BPS AtIIMIP.6SAI 01.5t la M .316 ' to31 A.40 it 30 - - Mw10 AtS .A,1 S 5 .3,13 3,', Spl 17Mt3 J3,,13 3,10o 0.3 i3,013101. i R V 11 lb, 0 it117 D. 5 A. 13 0. 10 J3,6 3, 15 MtS J. 1. 37 31 5 K.I 46o3 1,10 LS 11 .3o1 F*a At1It*rt 1 13,3 I 3 Or 0. BP Ops .3t AS P.20 a,13s PA61 to I.20 it1to W 70 71 10 0. 3 A.' I ,5 AV5 3 .10 10 0,3 it3N=XF377A 1? LI 10 K 19 At LS 3, 63 Alt z,,C 13 H4. 7 .3, is At 11 .c 15 H4 i 51 3 O pI J.3 3 W 11 6, 5 J, S p 3086*0 I3.5 321 to it10 D. 10 D. T AtS 0,O.10 M 5 0, 9 .116 D.,10 J. 5 3,7 it15 1,W10 it1 - De II orKATAMLA NS613 At110 A.,'0 At 10 O 'D7 A. 10 - 3,. I P to 0. is h.l .031 0 D. I Jim15 3,3I liP J.3

"B 3 J.310 Pk,10 J.31s 0,7 .4,ll20 13,10 TV 3 It.,10 3, 10 0. 20 it 13 .,31 IN I 3Jr10 3,7 I o1IL A,?7 INj 11 in10tA04 3,124 J.,6 J., 20 it 12 - . 39 J. 3 3,.12 Mt 10t 7 3 3, 2 5 .5 -

101101: 101~va 3 IN,10 I3022- 3,30 )a14.1 IIPS 141a 5, It.3 01ox5 101 is v. 3 3 la 10 3,5 15 LS 1310 3,3

J*W.y lv 16111-f4tkc6r 3t 1-.rS

April 6. 61111

A.S..t ~At ma,t3,ptm.b.r BP S.p1t."

R ...b., 31, 0to

D.tce-.Lr. 1. DMe-,brr

Sott.,: Y41,.3t4. d. PAIrl±t-t.., 1.I"rt1 1972

STAT]:STICAL ANNEX

ANNEXE STAT'ISTIQUE

'able/T'ableaul 5-1

CO4MMODITY EXPORTSEXPORTATIONS E: MARCEANDISES

(in mailliorns of Burundi francs)(en tailliors de francs Burundi)

1965 1966 1967 1968 19,69 1970 1,971 1972

Coffee 825.6 950.7 1166.5 995.7 768.0 1732.5 1233.3 1854.7 Cafd

Cotton 127.3 91.5 11'2.7 126.2 102.3 184.2 155.2 113.2 Coton

Tea - - - 4.7 5.7 8.2 17.7 28.9 Th6

Animal hides 20.8 '22.5 15.0 19.7 22.5 35.3 32.3 80.5 Pesax brutes

Minerals 3.4 0.2 34.0 24.2 29.3 21.4 21.8 28.3 Minerais

Soft drinks and beer 3,2 4.3 6.3 15.13 9.2 10.5 11.6 10.3 Limonades, eaux ga-zeuses et bieres

Asbestos products 15,6 13.9 17.9 16.8 14.2 17,9 19.0 23.9 Plaques et ouvragesen fibro ciments

Metal goods 17.4 24.0 12.8 7.2 2.1 14,7 13.3 6.8 Ouvrages en mdtauxcomm,uns

Other products 36.8 48.7 19.8 29.1 27.8 39.7 57.8 56.3 Autres produits

Subtotal 1050.1 1155.7 1385.0, 1239.4 981.1 2064,.4 1562.0 2202.9 Sous-total

Reexports 56.1 33.8 26.3 24.2 24.8 16.9 18.0 21.5 Reexportations

TOTAL 1106.2 1189.5 1411.3 1263.6 1005.9 2081,3 1580.t 2224.4 TOTAL

Source: Banque de la R6publique du Burundi.

STArISTICAL ANNEXANNIEXE STATISTICttE

Table/Tableau 5-2

COMMOD]TY IMPORTS, 1965-70IMPORTATIONS DE MARCHANDISES, 1965-70

(in millions of Burundi fraincs)(en milliLons de francs Burundi)

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

Inveistment Goods 243.) 214.6 277.0 299.6 293.3 290.3 Biens dEquip-emt

of which: dont:

Metal products 90.7 69.9 75.7 107.9 106.9 110.5 Ptoduits m6talLurgiques

Machinery and equipmeint 55.3 68.6 107.8 97.6 7'9.9 95.0 Chaudibres,machires,kppareils et enginsusicaniques

Truicks 64.5 ,34.6 40.3 55.' 49.5 35.4 Tiacteuts

Cement 26.7 32.6 51.4 36.3 54.3 45.7 CLment

Other 6. 9 8.9 1.8 2.6 2.7 3.7 Divers

Consuimer Goods 1124.2 1235.6 1219.0 1461.7 1371.9 1428.6 Bieris de Consommation

of wihich: dont:

Food and beverages 181.1 210.5 196.6 228.1 252.5 274.8 Alimentation et boissons

Tectiles and clothing 427.8 390.3 359.1 458.7 3'7.8 448.7 Textiles et vetements

Other 515.3 634.8 663.3 774.9 791.6 705.1 Divers

Raw miaterials 212.8 247.8 197.5 232.6 214.9 237. 2 MatiLres Premieres et semi pipoduitsof vhich: donit:

Fuel and lubricants 83.6 123.2 111.3 132.5 134.6 132.6 Carburants et lubrifiants

Inputs for food industry 75.7 83.9 53.0 6:1.6 48.9 66.1 Katibres premi6res pour leis indusitriesalimentaires

Other 53.5 40,7 33.2 36.5 31.4 38.5 Divers

Total Commodity Ivorts 1580.Q 1698,Q 16935 1993.9 1880.1 1956.1 Total des Importations de MarchandLses

Source: Customs StatLst:ics and Banque de la Source: IDclarations en douane, et BanqUe de laRepublique du Burundi. I<publique du Burundi.

SIATISTICAL ANNEXAtirlExE STATISTlQUI:

Thble/Tableau 5-3

CO140DITY IMPORTS, 1970-7'IMPORTIriONS oe KARCHANDiSES, 1970-7'

(in millions of Burundi frooc.)(so tilIons do francs frBurdi)

1?70 1971 1972

Impute 46JJA 1 1 Jjg.j I.tjnddLairsa

Isorts for: Datinds:

metsllsrgical iodoetr.is 56.4 65.7 80. an p inds.trlea dt.sll.urgiq.0s

apictroltore S4.1 57.8 69.7 b la.gricultore

food procmsoing 654.3 80.3 129.3 ss i.ndustries slintefres

textile itdustries 22.6 38.2 33.3 sus industries tex.tiles

industry ad building 14. 8 78.8 7.8 k l'indoatia do It co-otructio-

wood indostry 7.3 4.2 6.0 b liodustris do bole

paper nd printing 7.6 17.1 13.7 b li.ndustrie du papisr et des arts graphiq.ss

leather industry 0.5 2.0 1.2 b I'ioduatrie do culi

tobacco industry 0.2 0 5 0.4 b 1I idustitle du taboc

rPponted for various produ cion Deetiode isditinctesennt sue divorssectors secteurs do Is production

chemical produ-ts 1.1 32.9 36.6 produits chiniquss

solid fuels _ - cobhustibles aolidos

nineral oils 132.7 167.8 172.6 hclles mn.6.rales

other products 41.9 72. 1 73.8 s.ure. prodoits

In-estment Goods 795.4 570C 6 5Z5.3 Blos ddsuipem.nt

machinery sod equijit 95.0 133. 9 144.2 Cheudieres,llMchbioa,Appareils ct E.nines.6ocaiqo...

spore perts 39.0 53.1 77.0 pieceo et Octillogoe

electrical eqclpnwct 83.4 97.5 82.9 MatkreIl lectriq-o

trucks sod spurs ports 52.5 1371.0 157.8 Trocteurs, Vdhic.lea atOll tairos Ct lecro pitces

other 25.5 91l 1 63.6 atires

Consoer CGods I1902 148(0.9 1 505 iHens do Connsnatt ionDurable D_rablesTesxtils 487.4 541.5 381.1 Tectil.s

Vehicleo 84.0 144. 7 141,7 VAhicoles

Other 197.5 25 .4 32553 A,t res

Non Durable Non-dur.ble-

food productc 373.3 38i3.4 498 6 Prodoits olinntlres

phro-cotticol products 44.6 55.1 93.5 Prodults phornuceotiques

other 53.4 85.8 65.4 Actres

TOTAL L,95_ 61 9 7364.. TCOTAL

Source: Bc-qu do 1I ROpoblique d, l-r-odi

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 5-4

NET IMPORTS OF MAIN OIIL PRODUCTS, 1L972IMPORTATIONS 'NETTES D:ES PRINCIPAUK PRODUITS PETROLIERS, 1972

QuAtity Val ueQuantitd Valeur

$000 STons milliers de

Tonnes % dollars X

Gasoline. 9,100 47.2 873 53.1 Essence

Kerosenet 3,200 1,6.6 266 16.2 Kerosene

Diesiel ciil 5,500 28.5 368 22.4 Gas oil

Fuel. oil. 1,100 5.7 55 3.3 Fuel oil

Liquifietd Butane/Propane 400 2.0 82 5.0 Butane/propane liquide

TtaL 191300 Il.0 CIO,6 l9 "ALLa

Total Imports 98,200 - 31,300 - Importations totales

Imprsofai iImpo,rts rela V o iJ Importations des principaux produitsp lctsl re .a veototal imports 1ptroliers par rapport aux importations

ioports Annuaire19.7% 5.3% totales

Source: Annuaire Statistique 1972.

STATISuICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tab,leau 5-5TERMS OF TRAti, 1966-72

TIERNES DE l,'ECHNGE, 1966-72

1966 19657 1968 19,69 1S970 1971 1972

Export price index 76.7 72.2 71.5 63.0 100.0 75.4 85.6 Indiice des prix h 1'exportation

Import price indiex 92.2 92.4 91.6 95.3 1(0.0 106.3 1,17.7 In,dice des prix b 1'iinportation

Terms of trade 83.2 78.1 78.1 66.1 1(0.0 70.9 72.7 Termes de l'echange

Source: Mission estimates Source: Estimations ide la mission

STATISTICAL ANNEXXMEXE STATIS E

Table 5-6: INCOME EFFECT OF CHANGES IN TERMS OF TRAIDE , 196,7-727in millions of 'Burundi.fran`7

EFFETS SUR LE REVENU DES VARIArIONS L'ECISTqUjSD67-"72- -(-en mlli ons de francs Buruni97

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Exports of' Goods and Services / 1685 1650 1608 2799 2352 2482 Exportai,ons die biens et ser.(current prices) vice s prix courants)

Export Price I'ndex 72.2 71.5 63.0 100.0 75.4 85.6 Indice des prix a :r'ex]por-tation

Exports of' Goods and Services / 2334 2308 2552 2799 3119 2900 Export,ations de biens et ser-(1970 prices) vices 1/ aux prix de 19'70

Inport, Price Index 92.4 91.6 95.3 100.0 106.3 117.7 Indice des prix a 1'inipor-tation

CaSpacity to Imnport, / 1824 1.801 1687 2799 2213 2109 Capacite d'importation /Income Eff'ect -51.0 -507 -865 - -906 -791 Effet sur le revenu

Y/ Exclusive of factor seirvices. % A lexclusion des or-vices des facteure deproduction.

'/ R-ports in current, prices defl.atedL by price index for imports. / Exportations aux prixcourants deflat6es par1'indi,ce des prix a1 limportation

S1TATISTICAL ANNREXANNEXE~ STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau '5- 7

DISBURSEM4ENTS OF OFFICIAL AID BY TYPE ANT) AID AGENCY, 1965-72VERSE?ENrS D'AIDE OFFICIELLE, PAR TYPE ET ORGAN4ISME, 1965-72

(in millions of UJS dollars)(en millions de d1ollars EU)

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 197 2

Net Offic:tl1 GreLnts 3.94 8.78 10.41 13.05 .14.42 16.96 21.15 20.17 Do'ns_publics nets

of which dc,ntBelgium 2.49 4.94 6.83 7.82 8.29 9. 75 10.14 6.73 BelgiqueGermany (Fed. Rep.) 0i.05 . 0.19 0.19 0.35 0.41 0.365 0.44 0.32 Rep. Fdd4rale AllemandeFrance -0.50 - 1.30 1.10 1.00) 1.30 2.33 FranceUSA 0i.12 1.00 l.OC. - - - 1.00 - E.U.Other bLiaterail C0.10 0.08 0.11 0.,10 0.51 0. 24 0.62 1.1)1 Autres dons bilatirauxUN agencies 0.49 0.81 0.81 1.73 1.93 2. 63 3.31 4.41 Agences des Nationsi Unies,FED 0. 79 1.26 1.48 1.87 2.18 2.9B 4.46 5.37 FEDOther mnultilat;eral Ci.l10 - - -0.,12 - - -0.12 - Autres, dons multil1atdraux.

Gross official Lending (i.9 0.44 0. 53 0.73 0.35 1.21 0.51 0.50 P:rits puiblics bruts

of which dontBelgium 0.92 - - - - - - - BelgiqlueGermany (Fed,, Rep.) - 0.32 0.50 0.33 0.04- - Rep. F~ddrale AllemiandeOther bilateratl - 0.02 - - - - - - Autres pr4ts bilst4rauxIDA/IBRJ) - 0.10 0.03l 0.40 0.31 0.36 11.51 0.50 IDA/BIRDFED - - - - - 0.85 - - FED

Less ,.mor~isation -0.21, 0. 26 0.26 0.27 0.29 C1. 31 1.27 Mains Acwrtissement

Net Official Letlding 0.92 0.24 0. 27 0.47 0.08 0.92 0. -20 -0.77 Prits publics netsof which dont

Belgium (0.92 - - - - - - BelgiqueGermany (Fed. Rep.) - 0.32 0.5(3 0.33 0.04 -- Rep. :Fdd4rale AllemandeOther bilateral - 0.02 -0.02 - - - - Autres pr9ts bilatdrauxIDA/IBRJD - -0.10 -0.21 0.14 0.04 0.0C7 (0.20 0.15 IDA/BIRDFED - - - - - 0.85 -0.92 FED

Gross Official Akid Disbursements 4.86 9.22 10.9'. 13.78 14.77 18.17 21 .66 20.67 Verserments brtats d'aides pubiue

Net OfFicial Aid Disbursements 41.86 9.02 10.618 13.52 14.50 17.8E8 21.35 19.40 V'ersements nets d'sides publ~c

IN MILLIONS OF BURUNDI FRANCZSEN MILLIONS DE FRANCS BURUNDI3

Gross official 4aid disbursements 425.3 806.8 957 .3 1205.8 1292.4 1589.9 1895.3 1808.6 Versements bruts d'aides publiques

Net official aid disbUrsements 4 25. 3 789.3 934.5 1183.0 1268.8 1564.5 1868.1 1697.5 Ifersements nets d'a:des publiquesused for: dtont 1'emploi:

Capital formation n. a. 260.9 308.4 417.9 53 1. 6 6935.3 817.4 813.0 Formaition de capiltal

Technical assLstanceu n. a. 509.9 606.9 746.9 7 21. El 857.6 1038.9 956.6 Assisitance technique

Program aid n. a. 36.0 42.0 41.0 39. C1 39.0 39.0 39.0 Aide courante

1/ Exclusive of suppliers' credits 1/ A 1'excl[usion des cr4dits Euur-nisseuts

Source: Mission estimates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Source: Estimations de Is mistsic.n

n.a. : rot available na a ipril

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

tIble/Tableau 5-8EXTERNAL PUEiLIC DIEBT

DETTE PUBLIQUE EXTERIEURE 1/(in thousands of US dollars)(en milliers de dlollars EU)

TY'PE OF CREDITOR CREDITOR COUNTRY D]EBT OUTSTANDING, DECEMBER 31, 1972TYIPE DE CREDITEUR PAYS; CREDITEUR DIETTE EN COURS AU 31 DECEMBRE, 1972

Disbursed Unclisbrused TotalVer see Non versee Total

Su.ppliers/fournisseurs 1,047 - 1,047

Belgium/Belgique 70 70

Netherlands/Pays Bas 977 - 977

Other private financial institutions/Autres instit:utions financibresprivees :61 - ]L61

Belgium,/Belgique 161 - 161

Loans from internationalorganisations/Prets d'organismes inter-nat ionaux 4,197 1,126 5,323

IBRD/BIRD 1,903 - 1,'903

IDA 2,294 1,126 3,420

Loans from governments /Prets de gouvrernements 1,471 80 1,551

Germany (Fed. Rep.)/R6publiqueFederale Allemande 1,471 80 1,551

Total external debt/Dette totale exterieure 2/ 6,876 1,20b 8,082

1/1 Debt repayable in foreign currency with a maturity of over one yearDette h rembourser en devises avec dcheance de plus d'un arn

2/ Includes principle in arrears to Gerrian government of $155 thousandY compris les arri6re4s de principal au gouvernement Allernond de $155 raille

Source: Ecornomic and Social Data DivisionEconiomic Analysis and Projecticns DepartmentJune 16, 1973

I 0i 0x 0Ss- Co o-oSo< Xq o ox

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DC CC O O CC _ CIJ CCC'C__ CC_ C s 0'C r0CC S 'C~

C…CCC CC C 0' C C C~~~~~~~~~~I ~

.000 - r' C. C 0' C C C' C CO C _C _ _ O -'

I,C

STAT.ISTICAL ANNEX

A.SSIStX STATI1STIQ10E

Table 7Tobleau 5-0[

BALANCES OF PAMNFiTS, 191.5-72IAL.AN4 E0 AIEiENTS. 1965-72

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Exports n goods and -enle 11452.7 1560.:) II69_0 1650.4 1607. 2798.7 2351.5 2482.4 Enpnrtation de Iblens en ner-(c-

Imports of g-de and seri-n 1748.2 1880. 1854.7 214 2.7 2012.9 2911.9 275b.9 297.7 itsp-rnAtlns de blent en nob,I

Resnource balarce -295.5-30. -169.3 -492.3 -405.4 -113.1 -45. 435.3 bel-cces de, rensources

Interet (net) 2.8 -53.5 -83.2 -95.7 -79.0 -45.8 -129.0 -150.5 Intkrec- (Onc)

of ehSuh dour

(on public .iebt5 ne)(ne)la (-19.5) 116.2 (-16.3) (-10.9) (31.2) (intdrias no detue cobliq-e)

Workers -ixSat-oe -144.5 -213.9 -218.4 -238.3 -178.4 -202.5 -203.3 -240.8 Sapatrme-tn de -olai-e

Other fanne Inoe2' 142.6 -554.57 -6881) -848.8 -795.6 -923.0 ..102-.A -763.8 A.o Ice -.o... de f-aceor 2.

Net torren ~tn..afers 390.6 3/ 595.6 696.1 875.1 905.3 1052.6, 1250.5 1155.7 T..nafenl -s-ootCels

of h6ich do.t

(eflnlal grat-t) (344.8) 2 (545.9) (640.9) (787.)) (760.0) (096.61 (1077.9) (995.6) (dora pobllcs)

C-rren ecruoun balanc 960 -547.2 -465.7-60. -553.1 731.6 -5(2.0 -434.7 Soidesor -e8r-i-ocoate

Direct inuenreett 47-- 1.4 -1.4 -1.4 3.30lvsiseec di-tul 4'

n--t-teet franca - 222.4 26 2.0 554.0 501.0 507.4 7 7 2.7 769.3 C.o.annuaplcol

Gross public dlu and 1008 ter loona 80.5 38.5 46 .4 65 .0 551120.8 44.2 44.1 Pr3ts pu:blics, hsbrt oge ny lra

Aenurnisetin soblin idIum and Ioa tens leaa - -17.5 22.0 -29.4 34.2 -38.0-31.0 -144. o34rtiso38euls44e4 A.tn yob(iu 0 long orn,y-y reru(Nst abllnxedlx and ong arla oot) 80.5) (21.0 (236) (3.6) (0.9) 82.01(12.)'(-10.3) P"Itaobl31 rot A4log et3cyeu erbs

Short Lter capita1 - -nnmnI 47 50.5 32.0 -10.9 79.7 77.6 -51.0 -52.3 -58.2 M- -ateot. de c-pitas A oc-t cer 4

Capitol -01.elhet.hr Socloded -- - - - 218.8 177.6 175.9 Capt ta- no lotion xilleor

Cbasan In nnt moroserve (nr +( 227.0 -271.0 -109.0 -331.0O 45.0 604.0 397.0 549.0 Vo-iotio. dea ac-l- oats de ch.ace

I/ Excluding fenton sercc.n 1/ A 1'e-l-iu-o de. -e-e-u de fac-oc2/ThIn ixnffeotivel te balert-isg icOn; 2/ -ie coo ... el anIe q.A dqoi lIbre Ithe lto judged lua tSne claasedeyleus;a oent nI tau

O.teion re largely composed of repatriated ple peun dEn... alrta es de-e -r p-ls r py t-ld

2/Capital itr_uneraaenndtnlgl)ol o 55 T--cenr-t dt -opiton un po todsAl ita.a fern are innided It curret acont for tiogu9a pour 1965. TosInIrnleI otlro

bthn year. no -oope ---eat Pr cetne ouke.4/ Fer the yeors 1965-6B, dIret li---ton-s oc- -t Pour len ou.ea__6.5b8 le ucc-tr t di..erts

dintiugoinhh,le otIhle prSvoc ap-Itol rovunta. ccpotroe pe Atm tltlugcs dons "I esoneelA pil pnut coIte tln e i n sor-n cc pito) do -opiteo- ptiu#s.T- .-us, cpa.o etA utlc

Source: Bo.q.o do lo RApubltqoo du B--odl, ond otu-ior enti-t-e S-o-r: Booqoe dr lx S6pobliqoe do Su-uodi et e-t-nation do Iaulntn

STAT:ISTICA. ANNEXANNEXE STAT I ST IQUE

Table/Tableau 6-1

NUTRITI:ON STATUS, 1C70-71ETAT NUTRITIONNE]L, 15170-71

(E'er adult'(Par adulte'

NGOZI MYUINGA TOGETHER

Average daily intake of calories 1,891 1,,891 1,891 Ration quotidienne moyennie de calories

Estimated daily needs of calories 1/ 2,144 2,144 2,144 Besoins quotidiens de caloriess 1/(estimation)

Intake of calories relative to 88.0 88.0 88.0 Ration calorique en pourcentage desneieds (percent) bescoins

Average daily intake of nroteins 66.6 '70.7 68.6 Ration quotidienne moyenne de prot.ines(grams) (grammes)

Estimated daily needs of' 58.7 .58.7 58.7 Besoins quotidiens de prot6inesproteins (grams) 1/ (grammes) 1/

Intake of proteins relative to 114.8 120.8 116.8 Ration protidique en pourcent,age clesneeds (percent) besoins

1/ Based on FAO standards, which 1/ Bases sur les norrnes de la FAO; cesexceed minim,um biological re- normes sont sup6rieure!s aux besoinsquirements; see NRC, Recommended biologiques minimaux; voir NRC,Dietary Allowances - Publication Recovmmended Dietary A.lowances -

No. 1164i (Washington, D.C. 1964) PublLcation No. 1164 (Washington,D.C. 1964 )

STATI]STICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 6-2

DISTRIBIJTION OF CALORIES BY SCIURCE IN NGOZI AND MUYI'NGA AREAS, 1970-71REPARTITION DES CALORIES PAR SOURCE DANS LES ZONES DE NGOZI ET DE MUYIN(,A,1970-7:1

Act:ual DesirableDistribution Distribution:R6partition RtpartitionEffective Souhaitable

Calories from glucids 82.1 45-55 Calories provenant de glucides

Calories from lipids 3.3 2'5-35 Calories provenant de lipides

Calories from vegetable proteins 14.4 6-8 Calories provenant ie proteinesvegetales

Calories from animal proteins 0.2 6-8 Calories proverLant de proteinesanimal.es

Total intake of calories 1/ 100.0 100.0 Ration calorique totale 1/

1/ Average daily intake per adult 1/ Ration quotidienne moyenne paradulte.

Source: SEDES, Enqugite Statistique alimentaire et budg6taire 1970-71 dans; la region

Ngczi-Muyinga (Paris: 1973)

STALTISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 6-3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF PR(OTEIN INTAKE BY SOUJRCE, 1970-71 1/REPARTITION DE LA RATION PROTIDIQIJE PAR SOIJRCE, 1970-71 1/

(Per adult)(Par adulte)

NGOZI MUYINiGA N 'TmN}INGA

Cereals 2/ 3.0 0.8 1.9 Cereales 2/

Tubers; 13.1 8.4 10. 7 Tubercules

,(of which sweet potatoes) (8.7) (5.0) (6.91) (donit patates douces)

Meat and f:ish 1.2 1.2 1.2 Viande et poisson

LMgumes 76.7 82.0 79.4 Legumineuses

(of which beans) (74.0) (80.'9) (77.5) (dont haricots)

Vegetables 3/ 4.4 5.6 5.0 Lijgumes 3/

Beverages 1.1 1.6 1.4 Boissona

Groundnuts 0.5 0.4 0.4 Arachides

Total protein initake 100.0 100.0 100.0 Ration protidique totale.

1/ Annual average 1/ Moy,enne anntuelle2 Maize an,d wheat 2/ Mai's et frornent3/ Banianas and various leaves 3/ Barkanes et ]Legum.es verts

Source: SEDES, Enquete Statistique alimentaire et budgztaire 1970-71 dans la r6gion de Ngozi et Mying7(FParis: 1973)

STATISTICAL AUNiEXAANNEE STATISTIQ3E

Table/Tableau 6-4AGE DISTRIBUTION OF RECORDED CASES OF MKLmffRIlTION, 1.971REPARTITION PAR AGE DES CAS RECENSES DE MALNLUrRIlrION, 1.971

Code Number in Internationalclasetification of Diseases(8th Revision): Age groupNum6ro de code de la classi- Grou d'2geficat:ion iriternationale des oMala<lies (EfLme rdvision ): 0-1 2-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45 and over TOTAL

45 et plus

760 Vitamin A DeficienLcy

- Number of cases 577 1,072 890 618 311 751) 178 3,896 - Nombre de ecs

- Percent Distribution 14.8 27.5 .72.8 1.5.9 8.0 6.4 4.6 100.0 - Pourcentage

?67 ProteLn Def:Lciency MalinutritiLon Protidique

- Nujmber of casefs 1,800 4,364 31,361 188. 87 56 25 9,876 - Nombre de cias

- Piercent DistriLbutiork 18.2 44.7 34.0 1.9 -1.-- . 100.0 - Pourcentage

268 Severe Geneiral Denutrition physiologique pard6nutrition

- Number of cases 333 715 114 156 94 73 158 1,643 - Nombre de cas

- Percent DistriLbutioni n0.3 43.5 6.9 9.5 5.7 4.4 9.6 100.0 - Pourcentage

269 Other Malnuitritioni Autre carence aliment.aire

- N,mber of cases 322 1,167 547 359 1.37 54 30 2,616 - Nombre de cas

- Percent DistrLbutioti 12.3 44.6 21.0 L3.7 5.7 -- 3.2- 100.0 - Pourcentage

Source: Ministere de la Sante Publique - Rapport Statistique 1971.

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 6-5

LAND USE, 1972UTILISATIMI DU SCL, 1972

Area/Superficie

n -otares %

C-'+via+vA T-A 1 r,7 ,v00 0 R 38 '.3 ry.m 14 iwAae

of which! dont:

Fallow (300,000) (10.8) Jacheres

Foodcrops (725,000) (26.0) Cultures vivrieres

Export crops (42,o0o) (1-5) Cultures d'exportation

Forests 134.,000 4.8 For8ts

Land unusuable for Agriculture 395,000 14.2 Terres nonutilisables pour 1 agriculture

of which: dcont:

Barren land (150,000) (5.4) Terres inutilisables

Built-up areas and roads (30,000) (1.1) Superficies batis et routes

Lakes (215,000) (7.7) Lacs

Pasture s 1,187,000 142.6 Pfturagea-/

Total 2,783,000 100.0 Total

I / Part or these co-d be 1/ Po--in etre o vebroaght under cultivation en partie

Source: Ministry of PlanningMinistAre du Plan

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tabl-eau 6-6

ESTIMATED FOODST'UFF PRODUCTION, 1967-72PRODUC'ION VIVRIERE ESTIMEE, 1967-72

(Tons)(Tonnes)

CroBe tL967 196c3 1968 9 1970 1972 Culture

MaiLze 122,605 .134,400 148,185 175,80() 1.75,490 184,140 Mais

Sorghurn 37,510 34,272 32,,421 25,50() 32,373 32,925 Sorgho

Finger mil:Let 6,939 6,885 7.,560 ,7,750 8,680 8,820 Eleusine

Beans 240,092 264,690 288,040 312,750 330,932 349.,860 Haricots

Peas 27,246 27,690 28,280 3:L,500 36,729 41,100 ]?ois

Cassava 583,200 603,330 544,390 55'3,000 554,400 559,090 Manioc

Sweaet potatoes 589,160 1591,6500 622,160 636,000 645,480 654,640 Potates douces

Yams :31,640 33,600 36,630 38,5010 41,420 43,200 Ignames

Potatotes 56,650 56,100 60,600 75,000 94,050 98,000 Pommes de terre

Plantains 101,150 100,000 106,125 112,000 117,725 123,300 Plantains

Beear bananas 9:32,025 943,B00 962,200 987,000 1,011, 050 1,041,200 Bananes 'a biere

Source: Ministry of PlanningMinist;re du Plan

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 6-7

ESTIMATED LIVESTOCK POPULATIDN, 1968-72ESTIMATIONS DU CHEPTEL, 1968-72

(Head)(Nombre de t6tes)

1968 1969 1970 1971 1972

Cattle 660,410 685,407 682,905 724,780 756,093 Bovides

Goats 462,499 472,400 411,725 560,420 589,528 Caprides

Sheep 224,781 226,990 2h0,146 277,933 295,713 Ovides

Pigs 20,371 18,410 19,939 24,093 25,362 Saides

Source: Ministry of AgricultureMinistere de ltagriculture

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 6-8

COTTON PRODUCTION, 1963-72PRODUCTION DE COTCN, 1963-72

Area Seed-cottonYear Superficie Coton-graineAnnee (Hectares) (tons)

1958 8,441 10,285

1963 8,800 4,503

1964 8,040 6,103

1965 10,100 5,787

1966 9,200 5,005

1967 9,500 7,543

1968 9,300 7,466

1969 9,150 7,438

1970 9,239 8,744

1971 8,614 8,709

1972 8,360 5,144

Source: Ministere de 1'agricultureMinistry of Agriculture

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEYE STATISTIQUE

TablTabLeau 7-1

HIGHWAY NETWORK, 1972RESEAU ROIJTIER, 197?

LengthLongu?ur

(km')

Administrative Classification Classification Administrattive

Primary roads 570 Routes primaires

Secondary roads 1,200) Routes secondaires

Tertiary roads 1, '30 Routes tertiaires

Total classified network 3,000 Total du reseau classe

Unclassified roads 2,500 Routes non class6es

TOTAL 5 500 TOTAL

Surface tyTppe de revitement

Paved 120 Asphalte

Gravel 380 Gravier

Earth 2,500 Terre

Track 2, 00 Piste

TOTAL 5,500 TOTAL

Source: Ministere des Travaux Publics

STATISTICA L ANNEXANNEXE STATIST IQIUE

Table/Tableau 7-2

VEHICLE FLEET, L966-77PARC AUTOMOBILE, 1966-72

EPrivately-owned 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Prive

Passenger cars, station wagons, Voitures, station wagons et

jeeps and vans 2,533 2,866 3,180 3,249 3,562 4,148 4,550 jeeps

Light trucks 629 662 780 S12 993 1,086 1,201 Camionnettes

Heavy trucks 560 545 586 533 555 tj21 673 Camions

Special veh'Lcles 43 44 48 46 46 51 56 Vehicules sp6ciaux

Fluses 6 7 7 10 10 10 23 Autobus

Subtotal 3,771 4,124 4,601 4,60 5,096 5916 6.503 Sous total

Gove rnment- owne d Gouve rnemnnt

Plassenger cars, station wagons, Voituires, staticon wagons et

jeeps and vans 73 82 93 98 119 jeeps

Light trucks 88 68 51 37 42 Camionnettes

H1eavy trucks 29 30 20 18 26 Camions

Special vehicles 51 53 49 28 45 Vdhicules specisux

Buses 17 14 12 14 90 Autobus

Subtotal 758 741 L22 2525 n.a. n. a. Sous total

TOTAL 4 029 4,371 4 826 4_845 5 348 n.a. ni. a. TOTAL

Source: Delpartement des Stiatistiques,Ministb'e des Travaux Publics.

STATISI'ICAL ANNEXANNIEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 7-3 _

TRAFFIC IN THE PORT OF BIIJUMIURA, 1950-72TRAFIC DU PORT DE BUJUMiURA,, 1950-72

Imports ExportsImportations Eport:ations Total

(in tons/en tonnes)

1950 90,0(o

19513 * 230,Ot)O

19 59 152,786 57:,188 209,446

1960 1213,704 49.,742 178,446

1965 112,367 36,473 148,840

1970 97,00( 32,500 129,500

1971 124,135 33,272 157,407

1972 127,485 39,438 1656,923

Source: Annuaires Stat:istiques

STATISTICAI. ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQIE

Table/Tableau 7-4

PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT, 1965-77TRANSPORT DE PASSACERS ET' DE FiET, 1965-72

1905 19615 1967 1968 1969 'L970 1971 1972Bliumbura Port Port de Bulumbura

Total handled freight (000 tons) 148.8 137.5 107.7 119.2 1.19.9 1'9.5 157.4 166.9 Total du fret (000 tonnes)

In 117,5 108.5 83.1 86.8 95.9 97.0 124.1 127.5 Arrivees

Out 31,3 99.0 24.6 ?5,4 '4.0 32.5 33.3 39.4 Depiarts

Buijumbura Airport A6roport de Bujiumbura

Passengers - 43,23? 37,519 28,858 26,874 34,490 40,454 73,969 16,309 Passagers

Freiglht (tons) 1/ 2,4:17 1,942 1,463 1,479 2,063 1,721 863 571 Fret (tonnes) 1/

1/ Includes luggage and parcel poat 1/ Y comnpris les bagages et les colis postaux.

Source: Departement des Statisitiquea;

STATISTICAL ANNEXANNEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/;Talbleau 8-1

SCHOLARSHIPS HELD, DECEMBER 1972EFFECTIF DES BOURSIERS, DECEMBRE 1972

BY AGENCYPAR AGENCE BY TRAINING

___ _ AGENCE _ PAR SPECIALITE

Burundi 314 BuruLndi Medecine, pharmacy 113 Medecine, pharTmacie

Belgiulm 82 Belgique Economics 115 Economie

U.S.S.R. 136 U.R.,S.S. Law 51 Droit

France 77 Franice Social sciences 10 Sciences sociales

Other countries 36 Autres pays Pedagogy 21 Pddagogie

FED 124 FED Technology, industry 164 Technologie, inidustrLe

UN agencies 20 Agences des N.U. Agronomy, rur-al engineering 37 Agronomie, genLe rural

Privaite 8 Priv4eas Sciences 135 Sciences

Literature, history, geography 132 Literature, histoire, geographie

Politics, adrainistration 12 Sciences politiques, administration

Unallocated 7 Divrers

Total 797 Total Total 797 Tot-al

Source: Ministere de I'Educattion Nationale

STATISTICAL ANNEXAlNIEXE STATISTIQUE

Table/Tableau 8-2

NUMBER OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS, 1965-72NOMBRE D'ASSISTANTS TECHNIQUES, 1905-72

1964 19155 1966 1967 1968 1969 19i'o 1971 1972

Belgium 240 254 258 267 257 258 257 236 190 Belgiqtue

France 27 5 6 65 100 111 102 114 123 130 France

U.N. 34 28 38 51 59 80 8O 67 74 D.N.U

Others 2 2 12 12 15 40 41 40 40 Autres

Total 303 340 373 430 442 480 49:2 466 434 Total

For education sector: Dans lenseignement:

Nombte 144 182 200 252 273 270 26'i 215 214 Nombre

Percent of total 47.5 53.5 53.6 58.6 61.7 56.4 53.13 46.1 49.3 Pourcentage du total

Source: missions estimates Source: estimations de

la mission

MAP 2

|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 221 WE R

|R WA N D A \\>s ,AJXyL7>

S @ X|\\gv ~~ZA'IRE-NILE DIVIDE 4 /f

J a> X > X~~~~~~~~~~~ r / >;\ 2 ~~~~\(_\H -IG-H -L N D 5t _/.

RUZiZi PLAIN /AKZ

I UJ | \ j-H \N i> t\-/( ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~oRUYrGl o> -/

o. BUKUONiDRo Sl#\ ;/> UND| ' tv-->j- g'RAINFLL NDRELIEF

I~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I NFA L ANDo Rvj< EI \ \\ - < dk "\,MAKAMtiA 5 /

] 0 / / j ~~~~~~~NYANZA -LAC\(3 EL V4T IONv 0 300m e

/ ] ] \ % < j-ii ^, j_j ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2,00u 2 ,500 mtt

g I I I \\ -ff/ ) r 7}c hou'^nLs dwsn sn ~~~~~~ ~ ~~t- PdPd z 1,500 2,000 mtr

W iur , mUl,t*nPeeeP le ! ! o - 1 .500 ......

S1Sv ~ ~ ~~~~~ ° 1o 20 3!0 4:0 n;oiol pd re

MAY 1972 IBRL) 3818R

MAP If 29- - .30BURUNDI

POPUL AT I ON D E N S I TY, 1965 965 ! - Kt. TT

R W A N DA A L ' 1 i

UKIRVNDO

i1 T7N( 'I¢}, / ' / 1

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29- 30-

APR I E 1972 I1 RD 3819

IBRD 3971r . , CENTRAL \MAY 1972

K/ . AFRICAN REP. _ SUDAN \CA

MEROON <" - .RUND

L_-, IA I

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t O N \ > REP UBLIC OF ZAIRELGAN RWANDA

BURUNDI

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I'CPE ,AN ,N IT ,,FI IgES ,,,,,,.,.,,,

} 0 < F ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/DENSITY OF COFFEE TREES

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§ § | t / * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~International Boundaries

THE BO]INDARIES SHOWN ON THiizS MAP DO NOT 0 10 20 30 40 Km|290 IMPLY ENDORSEMENT OR ACCEPTIANCE BY THE

! ! WORED ANK AND ITS AFFILI T ES. ! 300

IBRD 2829R5

A fSf | f zo / AF.ICAN RE P . 2 5t1DAN \ E7HGOPIS | j i~~30 ' Jarmary 1974'g

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| ( \ ~~~~~M.tam b' \ GGih.fi j EARTt!/GPAVEL SURFACED ROADS

( 2 A \ \t a t / ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/ oo ROADs uEING sTuDElED1 1 / t X > ni } 6Mu1amPa ./ flr ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ROADS STUDI ED UNOeR ENGI NEER NG CREDIT Sll-BU

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J >/ / J \^ w - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |~Q TO BE MlAINTAINuED

XX > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mabanda *- OR P,RE-INVESTMENT STuDY

/ Y aG \ } / < *Nyan IIHTERtNATIOi,AL AIRPORT

| l \ / r \ -*-~La INdTERNvATIONIAL fIOUNDARI E'

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