pew research center : teens, social media and technology overview 2015

7/21/2019 Pew Research Center : Teens, Social Media and Technology Overview 2015

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CA_ _MIMN[M NZ_LI =

CA_ C]_XFM_ LGCA_ENXLAG

AG XFL[ _MZA_X2

Nenghn Imgfnrt, Nssaklntm Hlrmktar, _msmnrkf

Hngn Zn`m, Kaeeuglkntlags Engn`mr

?:?.8>=, Xmmg, [aklni Emhln ngh Xmkfgaia`y Avmrvlmw ?:>=

G]EOM_[, CNKX[ NGH X_MGH[ [FNZLG@ XFM PA_IH


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>

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Noaut Xfls _mpart

Xfls rmpart ls tfm clrst lg n smrlms ac rmparts mxnelglg` tmmgn`mrsusm ac tmkfgaia`y. Cartfkaelg`

rmparts wlii cakus ag faw Nemrlkng nhaimskmgts usm saklni emhln ngh eaolim pfagms ta krmntm,

enlgtnlg ngh mgh tfmlr crlmghsflps ngh raengtlk rmintlagsflps. Xfls rmpart ls n kaiinoarntlvm mccart

onsmh ag tfm lgput ngh ngniysls ac tfm caiiawlg` lghlvlhunis. Clgh n hl`ltni vmrslag ac tfls rmpart nt

fttp2//www.pmwlgtmrgmt.ar`/?:>=/:8/:= .

Nenghn Imgfnrt,Nssaklntm Hlrmktar, _msmnrkf

Enmvm Hu``ng,_msmnrkf Ngniyst

Nghrmw Zmrrlg ,_msmnrkf Nsslstngt

_mgmm [tmpimr,_msmnrkf Nsslstngt

Imm _nlglm,Hlrmktar Lgtmrgmt, [klmgkm, ngh Xmkfgaia`y _msmnrkf

Dle Znrdmr,Hlrmktar [aklni ngh Hmea`rnpflk Xrmghs _msmnrkf

Noaut Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr

Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr ls n gagpnrtlsng cnkt tngd tfnt lgcares tfm puoilk noaut tfm lssums, nttltuhms

ngh trmghs sfnplg` Nemrlkn ngh tfm warih. Lt hams gat tndm pailky pasltlags. Lt kaghukts puoilk

aplglag paiilg`, hmea`rnpflk rmsmnrkf, emhln kagtmgt ngniysls ngh atfmr meplrlkni saklni sklmgkm

rmsmnrkf. Xfm kmgtmr stuhlms ].[. pailtlks ngh pailky vlmws4 emhln ngh baurgnilse4 lgtmrgmt ngh

tmkfgaia`y4 rmil`lag ngh puoilk ilcm4 Flspnglk trmghs4 iaoni nttltuhms ngh ].[. saklni ngh hmea-

`rnpflk trmghs. Nii ac tfm kmgtmrs rmparts nrm nvnlinoim ntwww.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar .Zmw _msmnrkf

Kmgtmr ls n suoslhlnry ac Xfm Zmw Kfnrltnoim Xrusts.

Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr ?:>=
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015http://www.pewresearch.org/http://www.pewresearch.org/http://www.pewresearch.org/http://www.pewresearch.org/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015


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?

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

[ueenry ac Clghlg`s

?8% ac tmmgs `a agilgm nieastkagstngtiy, cnkliltntmh oy tfm wlhmsprmnh nvnlinolilty ac

senrtpfagms

Nlhmh oy tfm kagvmglmgkm ngh kagstngt nkkmss pravlhmh oy eaolim hmvlkms, mspmklniiy senrtpfagms,


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;

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

0>% ac tmmgs usm earm tfng agm saklni gmtward sltm

Xmmgs nrm hlvmrslcylg` tfmlr saklni gmtward sltm usm. N enbarlty ac tmmgs 0>% rmpart uslg` earm

tfng agm saklni gmtward sltm aut ac tfm smvmg pintcare aptlags tfmy wmrm nsdmh noaut. Neag` tfm

??% ac tmmgs wfa agiy usm agm sltm, 33% usm Cnkmoaad, >;% usm @aaìm+, >;% usm Lgstn`rne ngh;% usm [gnpkfnt.

Xfls stuhy usms n saemwfnt hlccmrmgt emtfah tfng Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmrsprmvlaus rmparts ag

tmmgs. Pflim oatf nrm praonolilty-onsmh, gntlagniiy rmprmsmgtntlvm snepims ac Nemrlkng tmmgs, tfm

kurrmgt survmy wns nhelglstmrmh agilgm, wflim aur prmvlaus ward lgvaivmh survmylg` tmmgs oy

pfagm. N `rmnt hmni ac prmvlaus rmsmnrkf fns caugh tfnt tfm eahm ac lgtmrvlmw tmimpfagm vs.

agilgm smic-nhelglstrntlag kng nccmkt tfm rmsuits. Xfm en`gltuhm ngh hlrmktlag ac tfmsm mccmkts

nrm hlcclkuit ta prmhlkt, tfau`f car east dlghs ac qumstlags, tfm cughnemgtni kagkiuslags agm wauih

hrnw crae tfm hntn wlii om slelinr rm`nrhimss ac eahm. Nkkarhlgìy, wm wlii gat kaepnrm spmklclk

pmrkmgtn`ms crae prmvlaus rmsmnrkf wltf rmsuits crae tfm kurrmgt survmy. Out wm omilmvm tfnt tfm

oranh kagtaurs ngh pnttmrgs mvlhmgt lg tfls

wmo-onsmh survmy nrm kaepnrnoim ta tfasm smmg

lg prmvlaus tmimpfagm survmys.

Cnkmoaad rmenlgs n haelgngt carkm lg tmmgs

saklni emhln mkasystmes, mvmg ns Lgstn`rne ngh

[gnpkfnt fnvm rlsmg lgta n praelgmgt raim lg

tmmgs agilgm ilvms. Nsdmh wflkf pintcares tfmy

usmh east actmg, tfm avmrnii papuintlag ac tmmgslg tfls snepim (n`ms >; ta >0) rmpartmh tfnt

Cnkmoaad wns tfm sltm tfmy usmh east crmqumgtiy

(8>% snlh tfnt), caiiawmh oy Lgstn`rne (?:%)

ngh [gnpkfnt (>>%).

Oays nrm earm ildmiy tfng `lris ta rmpart tfnt

tfmy vlslt Cnkmoaad east actmg (8=% ac oays vs.

;3% ac `lris). @lris nrm earm ildmiy tfng oays ta

sny tfmy usm Lgstn`rne (?;% ac `lris vs. >0% ac

oays) ngh Xueoir (3% ac lris kaepnrmh wltfimss tfng >% ac oays). Aihmr tmmgs n`ms >= ta >0

nrm earm ildmiy tfng yaug`mr tmmgs ta kltm

Cnkmoaad (88% vs. ;=% ac yaug`mr tmmgs), [gnpkfnt (>;% vs. 6%) ngh Xwlttmr (6% vs. ;%) ns n

east actmg usmh pintcare, wflim yaug`mr tmmgs n`ms >; ta >8 nrm earm ildmiy tfng tfmlr aihmr

kaepntrlats ta ilst Lgstn`rne (?=% vs. >0% ac aihmr tmmgs) ns n pintcare tfmy vlslt east actmg.

Cnkmoaad, Lgstn`rne ngh [gnpkfnt

]smh East Actmg oy Nemrlkng Xmmgs

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm QQQQQQ east actmg

Gatm2 "Hag't usm ngy" rmspagsms gat sfawg.

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr's Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy, [mpt.

?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmo. >:-Enr. >3, ?:>= (g5>,:3: tmmgs n`ms

>; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

8>

?:

>>

3

=

;

>

>

Cnkmoaad

Lgstn`rne

[gnpkfnt

Xwlttmr

@aaìm+

Xueoir

Slgm

N hlccmrmgt saklniemhln sltm


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ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Elhhim ngh uppmr lgkaem tmmgs imng tawnrh Lgstn`rne ngh [gnpkfnt

Xfm survmy hntn rmvmnis n hlstlgkt pnttmrg lg

saklni emhln usm oy sakla-mkagaelk stntus.

Xmmgs crae imss wmii-acc fausmfaihs (tfasmmnrglg` imss tfng $=:,:::) nrm earm ildmiy tfng

atfmrs ta sny tfmy usm Cnkmoaad tfm east2 88% ac tfasm crae cnelilms mnrglg`

earm tfng $0=,::: snylg` [gnpkfnt ls tfmlr tap

sltm, kaepnrmh wltf 0% ac tfasm wfasm cnelilms

mnrg imss tfng $;:,::: ngguniiy. Xwlttmr sfaws

n slelinr pnttmrg oy lgkaem, wltf tfm wmnitflmst

tmmgs uslg` Xwlttmr earm tfng tfmlr imnst wmii-

ta-ha pmmrs. Lt sfauih om gatmh tfnt saem ac

tfmsm hlccmrmgkms eny om nrtlcnkts ac hlccmrmgkms

lg usm ac tfmsm sltms oy tfmsm hlccmrmgt

suo`raups ac tmmgs.

[enrtpfagms cnkliltntm sflcts lg tmmgs

kaeeuglkntlag ngh lgcarentlag inghsknpm

Ns Nemrlkng tmmgs nhapt senrtpfagms, tfmy

fnvm n vnrlmty ac emtfahs car kaeeuglkntlag

ngh sfnrlg` nt tfmlr hlspasni. Xmxtlg` ls ng

mspmklniiy lepartngt eahm ac kaeeuglkntlag

car engy tmmgs. [aem 66% ac tmmgs fnvm ar

fnvm nkkmss ta kmii pfagms ar senrtpfagms ngh

; ta >0, tfm % ac tmmgs wfa usm

QQQQQ east actmg, oy fausmfaih lgkaem

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmrs Xmmgs _mintlagsflp [urvmy,

[mptmeomr ?=-Aktaomr 8 ngh Cmorunry >:-Enrkf >3, ?:>=

(g5>,:>3 tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


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=

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Ngh tmmgs nrm gat slepiy smghlg` emssn`ms tfrau`f tfm tmxtlg` systme tfnt tmimpfagm kaepnglms

accmr. [aem 0;% ac tmmgs fnvm nkkmss ta senrtpfagms ngh neag` tfme emssn`lg` npps ildm Dld ar

PfntsNpp fnvm knu`ft ag. Cuiiy ;;% ac tmmgs wltf pfagms fnvm sukf npps. Ngh Flspnglk ngh

Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng yautf wltf pfagms nrm suostngtlniiy earm ildmiy ta usm emssn`lg` npps, wltf

83% ac Flspnglk ngh 80% ac Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs uslg` n emssn`lg` npp kaepnrmh wltf ?8% ac

wfltm tmmgs.

@lris haelgntm saklni emhln4

oays nrm earm ildmiy ta piny

vlhma `nems

Xmmgn`m lris usm saklni emhln

sltms ngh pintcares

pnrtlkuinriy vlsuniiy-arlmgtmh

agms car sfnrlg` earm tfngtfmlr enim kaugtmrpnrts ha. Car

tfmlr pnrt, oays nrm earm ildmiy

tfng lris ta awg nelg`

kagsaims ngh piny vlhma nems.

Hntn car tfls rmpart wns

kaiimktmh car Zmw _msmnrkf

Kmgtmr. Xfm survmy wns

nhelglstmrmh agilgm oy tfm @cD

@raup uslg` lts

Dgawimh`mZngmi, lg Mg`ilsf

ngh [pnglsf, ta n gntlagniiy

rmprmsmgtntlvm snepim ac avmr

>,:3: tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0 ngh n

pnrmgt ar `unrhlng crae

[mptmeomr ?= ta Aktaomr 8 ngh Cmorunry >: ta Enrkf

>3, ?:>=. Lg tfm cnii, >:>3

pnrmgt-tmmg pnlrs wmrm

lgtmrvlmwmh. Xfm survmy wns rm-

apmgmh lg tfm sprlg` ngh 88

pnlrs wmrm nhhmh ta tfm snepim. Car earm ag tfm emtfahs car tfls stuhy, pimnsm vlslt tfm Emtfahs

smktlag nt tfm onkd ac tfls rmpart.

@lris Haelgntm Slsuniiy-Arlmgtmh [aklni Emhln

Zintcares

Zmrkmgt ac `lris ngh oays wfa usm

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr's Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy, [mpt. ?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmo.

>:-Enr. >3, ?:>=. (g5>,:3: tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


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ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Lgtrahuktlag

Eukf fns kfng`mh lg rmkmgt ymnrs wfmg lt kaems ta tmmgn`mrs ngh tfmlr usm ac tmkfgaia`y. Pfmg

tfm Kmgtmr inst survmymh tmmgs, [gnpkfnt hlh gat mxlst, ngh Lgstn`rne, Xueoir, Slgm ngh n fast ac

atfmr pintcares wmrm onrmiy aut ac tfmlr lgcngky.

Ns tfm tmkfgaia`y mgvlragemgt fns kfng`mh, wm fnvm nisa eahlclmh aur onslk emtfahs car

survmylg` tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0. Pflim oatf aur kurrmgt ngh prmvlaus emtfahs nrm praonolilty-onsmh,

gntlagniiy rmprmsmgtntlvm snepims ac Nemrlkng tmmgs, tfm kurrmgt survmy wns nhelglstmrmh agilgm,

wflim aur prmvlaus ward lgvaivmh survmylg` tmmgs oy pfagm. N `rmnt hmni ac prmvlaus rmsmnrkf fns

caugh tfnt tfm eahm ac lgtmrvlmw tmimpfagm vs. agilgm smic-nhelglstrntlagkng nccmkt tfm

rmsuits. Xfm en`gltuhm ngh hlrmktlag ac tfmsm mccmkts nrm hlcclkuit ta prmhlkt, tfau`f car east dlghs

ac qumstlags, tfm cughnemgtni kagkiuslags agm wauih hrnw crae tfm hntn wlii om slelinr rm`nrhimss

ac eahm. Xfls emngs wm wlii gat kaepnrm spmklclk pmrkmgtn`ms crae prmvlaus rmsmnrkf wltf rmsuitscrae tfm kurrmgt survmy ngh wm wlii tfmrmcarm gat lgkiuhm trmgh hntn lg tfls rmpart. Out wm omilmvm

tfnt tfm oranh kagtaurs ngh pnttmrgs mvlhmgt lg tfls wmo-onsmh survmy nrm kaepnrnoim ta tfasm

smmg lg prmvlaus tmimpfagm survmys.

Xfls rmpart kavmrs tfm kurrmgt inghsknpm ac tmmgs tmkfgaia`y usm. Xfm survmy sfaws`nps lg nkkmss

ta tmkfgaia`y wflkf cnii niag` sakla-mkagaelk, rnklni ngh mtfglk ilgms mspmklniiy nkkmss ta

hmsdtap ngh inptap kaeputmrs, ngh senrtpfagms. Xfm survmy nisa rmvmnis tfnt n inr`m gueomr ac

tmmgs nrm uslg` sltms ngh npps ildm Lgstn`rne ngh [gnpkfnt. Fawmvmr, nhaimskmgts kagtlgum ta usm

Cnkmoaad, ngh lt ls tfm sltm tfnt tfm inr`mst sfnrm ac tmmgs sny tfmy usm east actmg. Cnkmoaad ls

earm ildmiy ta om kltmh ns tfm east usmh sltm oy iawmr lgkaem yautf tfng oy fl`fmr lgkaem tmmgs,

wflim [gnpkfnt ls earm ildmiy ta om n crmqumgtiy usmh sltm car earm wmii-ta-ha tmmgs.

Xfm survmy clghs n sl`glclkngt `mghmr `np neag` tmmgs lg agilgm ngh `nelg` omfnvlars. @lris nrm

autpnklg` oays lg tfmlr usm ac tmxt emssn`lg`, ngh lg tfmlr usm ac vlsuni saklni emhln pintcares ildm

Lgstn`rne, [gnpkfnt, agilgm plgoanrhs (ildm Zlgtmrmst ngh Zaiyvarm), ns wmii ns Xueoir ngh Slgm,

wflim oays haelgntm lg tfm kagsaim nkkmss ngh vlhma nem pinylg` spfmrm.

Neag` Flspnglk ngh Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng yautf, tfmrm ls saemwfnt imss nkkmss ta hmsdtaps,

kaepnrmh wltf wfltm tmmgs. Nt tfm snem tlem, Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng yautf fnvm rmntmr nkkmss tasenrtpfagms tfng tfmlr Flspnglk ar wfltm kaugtmrpnrts. Elgarlty yautf nrm eukf earm ildmiy ta

nhapt tmxt emssn`lg` npps ag tfmlr pfagms tfng tfmlr wfltm kaugtmrpnrts. Ngh wflim Flspnglk

yautf nrm mquniiy ns ildmiy ns wfltm tmmgs ta usm east ac tfm saklni emhln pintcares tfnt wmrm

qumrlmh lg tfm survmy, Flspnglk tmmgs nrm earm ildmiy ta rmpart uslg` @aa`im+ tfng wfltm yautf.


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ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs nrm nisa suostngtlniiy earm ildmiy tfng wfltm ar Flspnglk yautf ta rmpart

pinylg` vlhma nems.

Hntn car tfls rmpart wns kaiimktmh car Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr. Xfm survmy wns nhelglstmrmh agilgm oytfm @cD @raup uslg` lts Dgawimh`mZngmi, lg Mg`ilsf ngh [pnglsf, ta n gntlagniiy rmprmsmgtntlvm

snepim ac >:3: tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0 ngh n pnrmgt ar `unrhlng crae [mptmeomr ?= ta Aktaomr 8

ngh Cmorunry >: ta Enrkf >3, ?:>=. Lg tfm cnii hntn kaiimktlag, >:>3 pnrmgt-tmmg pnlrs wmrm

lgtmrvlmwmh. Xfm survmy wns rm-apmgmh lg tfm sprlg` ngh 88 pnlrs wmrm nhhmh ta tfm snepim. Car

earm ag tfm emtfahs car tfls stuhy, pimnsm vlslt tfm Emtfahs smktlag nt tfm onkd ac tfls rmpart.


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ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

60

6>

0;

=6

;:

N hmsdtap / inptapkaeputmr

N `nelg` kagsaim

N senrtpfagm

N tnoimt kaeputmr

N onslk kmii pfagm

N Enbarlty ac Nemrlkng Xmmgs _mpart Nkkmss ta n Kaeputmr,

@nem Kagsaim, [enrtpfagm ngh n Xnoimt

Lg aur mxpiarntlag ac tmmgshl`ltni tmkfgaia`yawgmrsflp, wm wngtmh ta knpturm oatf wfnt

tmmgs awgmh saemtlems n trlkdy kagkmpt

wltflg cnelilms wfmrm hmvlkms nrm actmg sfnrmh

ngh wfnt tmkfgaia`y taais tmmgs kng nkkmss.

Xfm survmy qumstlag tfnt nsdmh noaut hmvlkms

nsdmh tmmgs wfmtfmr tfmy fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss

ta n ilst ac clvm taais2 senrtpfagms, onslk kmii

pfagms, hmsdtap ar inptap kaeputmrs, tnoimts

ngh `nem kagsaims. Omiaw ls n hlskusslag ac

tmmgs awgmrsflp, nkkmss ta ngh usm ac tfmsm

hmvlkms.

Eaolim pfagms

Cuiiy 66% ac Nemrlkng tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0 fnvm

ar fnvm nkkmss ta n eaolim pfagm ac saem dlgh,

ngh n enbarlty ac tmmgs (0;%) fnvm senrtpfagms. [enrtpfagm usmrs sdmw earm tawnrh aihmr tmmgs

wltf 03% ac >=- ta >0-ymnr-aihs fnvlg` n senrtpfagm, kaepnrmh wltf 36% ac >;- ta >8-ymnr-aihs.

Noaut n tflrh ac tmmgs (;:%) fnvm n onslkkmii pfagm tfnt ls gat n senrtpfagm. Noaut >=% ac

tmmgs fnvm oatf typms ac pfagms. Ac tmmgs wltf n senrtpfagm, ?>% nisa fnvm n onslk kmii pfagm. Agtfm cilpslhm, fnic ac tmmgs wltf n onslk pfagm nisa fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n senrtpfagm.

Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs nrm tfm east ildmiy ac ngy rnklni ar mtfglk `raup ta fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n

senrtpfagm4 6=% ac Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs rmpart senrtpfagm awgmrsflp, kaepnrmh wltf 0>% ac

wfltm ngh 0>% ac Flspnglk yautf.

Xmmgs crae fl`fmr lgkaem cnelilms ngh fausmfaihs wfmrm pnrmgts fnvm fl`fmr imvmis ac

mhukntlagni nttnlgemgt nrm neag` tfm east ildmiy ta awg n senrtpfagm. Pflim 00% ac tmmgs wfasm

cnelilms mnrg earm tfng $=:,::: n ymnr fnvm n senrtpfagm, twa-tflrhs (38%) ac tmmgs crae

cnelilms mnrglg` imss tfng tfnt awg agm. Xfasm tmmgs wltf iawmr lgkaems nrm tfm east ildmiy ta

fnvm n onslk kmii pfagm wltf ;


10/48

=% Fnvm Agiy n Onslk Zfagm

% ac nii tmmgs wfa fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta tfm caiiawlg` typms ac kmii pfagms

[enrtpfagm Onslk pfagm agiy Ga kmii pfagm

ii tmmgs 0;% >=% >?%

[mx

n Oays 0> >3 >;

o @lris 08 >8 >?

_nkm / mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 0> >0h >?

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 6=km 0 6

m Flspnglk 0> >= >8

N`m

c >;->8 36 >8 >6c

` >=->0 03c >3 6

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 38 >3 >=->0 0=f >3 6

b @lris >;->8 0? >> >0ld

d @lris >=->0 03f >3 6

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i 9$;:D 3> ??ga >0a

e $;:D-$8; >= >;r [aem kaiim`m 03p >? >?

s Kaiim`m+ 0=p >3 3 >>

u [uourong 08 >8 >?

v _urni 36 >3 >=

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmrs Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy, [mpt. ?=Akt.8 ngh Cmo. >:Enr. >3, ?:>= (G5>,:3: tmmgs n`ms >; ta

>0).

Gatm2 Zmrkmgtn`ms enrdmh wltf n supmrskrlpt imttmr (m.`., n) lghlkntm n stntlstlkniiy sl`glclkngt hlccmrmgkm omtwmmg tfnt raw ngh tfm raw

hmsl`gntmh oy tfnt supmrskrlpt imttmr, neag` kntm`arlms ac mnkf hmea`rnpflk kfnrnktmrlstlk (m.`. n`m).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


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>:

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Hmsdtaps, inptaps ngh tnoimts

Cuiiy 60% ac Nemrlkng tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0 fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n hmsdtap ar inptap kaeputmr,

ngh =6% ac tmmgs fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n tnoimt kaeputmr.

Pfltm tmmgs nrm earm ildmiy ta rmpart fnvlg` n hmsdtap ar inptap kaeputmr wltf % ac wfltm

tmmgs awglg` n hmsdtap ar inptap kaepnrmh wltf 6?% ac Flspnglk yautf ngh 0


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>>

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Earm tfng Fnic ac Xmmgs Fnvm Nkkmss ta n Xnoimt4 60%

Fnvm n Hmsdtap ar Inptap

% ac nii tmmgs wfa fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n hmsdtap, inptap ar tnoimt

kaeputmr

Hmsdtap ar Inptap Nkkmss

Xnoimt Nkkmss

ii tmmgs 60% =6%

[mx

n Oays 60 =8

o @lris 66 3?n

_nkm / mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk hm =0

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 0< =8

m Flspnglk 6? 3?

N`m

c >;->8 68 3>

` >=->0 ;->8 6; ==

l Oays >=->0 6< =;

b @lris >;->8 6= 30fl

d @lris >=->0


13/48

>?

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

@nem kagsaims

[aem 6>% ac tmmgs >; ta >0 fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n `nem kagsaim sukf ns n Zinystntlag, Voax ar

Pll. Cuiiy % ac tmmg oays awg `nem kagsaims, wflim 0:% ac lris sny tfmy fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n

kagsaim. Pfltm tmmgs nrm n olt earm ildmiy tfng Flspnglk tmmgs ta fnvm n `nem kagsaim wltf 6=% acwfltms ngh 68% ac Ncrlkng-Nemrlkngs;awlg` kagsaims kaepnrmh wltf 0>% ac Flspnglk yautf.

Xmmgs lg fausmfaihs mnrglg` imss tfng $;:,::: ngguniiy nrm imss ildmiy ta fnvm n kagsaim, tfau`f

noaut twa-tflrhs (30%) ac tfmsm cnelilms fnvm tfme. Oy kagtrnst, 6;% ac cnelilms mnrglg` earm

awg kagsaim nem systmes.

Avmrnii, tmmgs fnvm rmintlvmiy raoust imvmis ac nkkmss ta tmkf hmvlkms. Xfm enbarlty ac yautf fnvm

nkkmss ta tfrmm ar caur ac tfm clvm ltmes nsdmh noaut ag tfm survmy hmsdtap ar inptap kaeputmr,

senrtpfagm, onslk pfagm, tnoimt ngh nem kagsaim. Cuiiy smvmg-lg-tmg tmmgs fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta

tfrmm ar caur ac tfasm ltmes4 noaut >% ac tmmgs awg ga hmvlkms ngh bust 8% sny tfmy agiy fnvm ar

fnvm nkkmss ta agm.

;Pflim wfltm ngh Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta nem kagsaims nt slelinr rntms, tfm hlccmrmgkm omtwmmg Ncrlkng-Nemrlkngs

ngh Flspnglks ls gat stntlstlkniiy sl`glclkngt hum ta senii snepim slzm. Xfm hlccmrmgkm lg kagsaim awgmrsflp ngh nkkmss rntms omtwmmg wfltms

ngh Flspnglks ls stntlstlkniiy sl`glclkngt.


14/48

>;

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

6>% ac Xmmgs Fnvm Nkkmss ta @nelg`

Kagsaims

% ac nii tmmgs wfa fnvm ar fnvm nkkmss ta n `nelg`

kagsaim

ii Xmmgs 6>%

[mx

n Oays o

o @lris 0:

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 6=m

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 68

m Flspnglk 0>

N`m

c >;->8 6:

` >=->0 6>[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8


15/48

>8

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Eaolim Nkkmss [flcts [aklni Emhln ]sm ngh Atfmr Agilgm

Nktlvltlms

Nkkmsslg` tfm lgtmrgmt ag eaolim hmvlkms

Xfm survmy sfaws tfnt % ac tmmgs `a agilgm crae n eaolim hmvlkm, nt imnst akknslagniiy.8Ncrlkng-

Nemrlkng tmmgs nrm sl`glclkngtiy earm ildmiy tfng wfltms ar Flspnglks ta usm eaolim hmvlkms ta `a

agilgm wltf gmnriy nii Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng yautf lg tfm stuhy rmpartlg` eaolim lgtmrgmt nkkmss nt

imnst akknslagniiy, wflim


16/48

>=

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

% ac Xmmgs ]sm tfm Lgtmrgmt ag n Eaolim Hmvlkm

% ac nii tmmgs wfa nkkmss tfm lgtmrgmt ag n eaolim hmvlkm, nt imnst

akknslagniiy

ii tmmgs %

[mx

n Oays

o @lris


17/48

>3

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Lgtmrgmt usm ls n gmnr kagstngt car saem tmmgs

Xmmgs n`ms >; ta >0 nrm nisa `alg` agilgm crmqumgtiy. Nlhmh oy tfm kagvmglmgkm ngh kagstngt nkkmss

pravlhmh oy eaolim pfagms,


18/48

>0

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Xmxtlg`

Xmxtlg` fns ughmr`agm n kfng`m lg tfm pnst smvmrni ymnrs wltf tfm nhvmgt ac senrtpfagm-onsmh

emssn`lg` npps tfnt fnvm nhhmh cmnturms ngh kfng`mh tfm kast, emssn`m img`tf ngh atfmr

strukturms nraugh smghlg` sfart emssn`ms. Cuiiy % ac tmmg kmii awgmrs usm tmxt emssn`lg` mltfmr hlrmktiy tfrau`f tfmlr eaolim pfagms ar tfrau`f ng npp ar n wmosltm.

Lg n tmstnemgt ta tfm sflctlg` inghsknpm ac tmxtlg`, agm tflrh (;;%) ac tmmgs wltf kmii pfagms usm

emssn`lg` npps ildm Dld ar PfntsNpp. Xfmsm npps nrm earm ildmiy ta om usmh oy Flspnglk ngh

Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng yautf wfa awg kmii pfagms, wltf 83% ac Flspnglk tmmgs ngh 80% ac Ncrlkng-

Nemrlkng tmmgs uslg` emssn`lg` npps ta smgh tmxts, kaepnrmh wltf agm-qunrtmr (?8%) ac wfltm

tmmgs wltf kmii pfagms. Xmmgs ag tfm iawmr mgh ac tfm lgkaem spmktrue nrm nisa earm ildmiy ta usm

emssn`lg` npps ag tfmlr senrtpfagms, wltf ;% ac tmmgs crae wmnitflmr cnelilms.

@lris nrm nisa n olt earm ildmiy tfng oays ta usm emssn`lg` npps, wltf ;0% ac kmii-awglg` `lris

uslg` tfme kaepnrmh wltf ?


19/48

>6

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

;;% ac Xmmgs wltf Kmii Zfagms ]sm

Emssn`lg` Npps

% ac tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs wfa usm emssn`lg` npps (l.m.

PfntsNpp ar Dld) agilgm ar ag tfmlr pfagms

ii tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs ;;%

[mx

Oays ?;->8 ;?

>=->0 ;8[mx oy n`m

Oays >;->8 ?;

lOays >=->0 8?f

@lris >;->8 ;;f

@lris >=->0 ;8f

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i9$;:D 8:

$;:D-$8


20/48

>; ta >0

(hlrmktiy tfrau`f pfagm ar agnpps ag tfm pfagm) ag n typlkni

hny ls ;:.=Xfm gueomr ac

emssn`ms mxkfng`mh car lris ls

fl`fmr, typlkniiy smghlg` ngh

rmkmlvlg` 8: emssn`ms n hny.

Ngh car tfm aihmst `lris (>= ta

>0), tfls rlsms ta n emhlng ac =:

emssn`ms mxkfng`mh hnliy.

Neag` tmmgs wltf kmii pfagms,tfasm crae imss wmii-acc cnelilms

nrm earm ildmiy tfng atfmrs ta

rmpart tfnt tfmy slepiy hagt

smgh tmxt emssn`ms. [aem >6%

ac tmmgs crae cnelilms mnrglg`

imss tfng $;:,::: ngguniiy

rmpart tfnt tfmy ha gat tmxt,

kaepnrmh wltf imss tfng 0% car

tfasm lg fl`fmr-mnrglg` cnelilms.

=]gimss atfmrwlsm spmklclmh, lg tfls rmpart, nii typlkni ar nvmrn`m hntn car tmmgs ls tfm emhlng.

N Xyplkni Xmmg [mghs ngh _mkmlvms ;: Xmxts n Hny

Neag` nii tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs, tfm emng & emhlng gueomr ac tmxts tfmy

smgh & rmkmlvm

Emng Emhlng

ii tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs 30 ;:

[mx

n Oays =3 ?:

o @lris 0< 8:

_nkm / mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 30 ;:

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 3; ;:

m Flspnglk 33 ?=

N`m

c >;->8 =3 ?:

` >=->0 08 ;:

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 ;< ?:

l Oays >=->0 3= ?=

b @lris >;->8 0?f ;:

d @lris >=->0 6; =:

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i 9$;:D =; ?:

e$;:D-$8


21/48

?:

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Agilgm Zlgoanrhs

Agilgm plgoanrhs nrm sltms ildm Zlgtmrmst ar

Zaiyvarmwfmrm usmrs kng plg agilgm kagtmgt ta

krmntm fl`fiy vlsuni hlspinys ac len`ms nghlgcarentlag car lgsplrntlag, purkfnsm ar

kagstruktlag. Agm-lg-clvm tmmgs ??% usm

agilgm plgoanrhs. @lris, mspmklniiy aihmr agms, nrm

tfm enbar usmrs ac tfmsm sltms, wltf ;;% ac `lris

ngh >>% ac oays uslg` tfm oanrhs. N qunrtmr ac

aihmr tmmgs plg ag plgoanrhs ns ha >3% ac

yaug`mr tmmgs. Xfm aihmst `lris n`ms >= ta >0 nrm

tfm east ildmiy ta plg, wltf ;6% uslg` agilgm

oanrhs.

Hlskusslag oanrhs

Agm-lg-slx tmmgs (>0%) rmnh ar kaeemgt ag

hlskusslag oanrhs ildm rmhhlt ar Hl``. Xfmrm nrm

cmw hlccmrmgkms neag` tmmgs lg usm ac tfmsm

agilgm oanrhs oy n`m ar `mghmr ar ngy atfmr

enbar hmea`rnpflk kntm`ary.

;;% ac @lris ]sm Agilgm Zlgoanrhs4 >>%

ac Oays ]sm Xfme

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm plgoanrhs (l.m. Zlgtmrmst ar

Zaiyvarm) agilgm ar ag tfmlr pfagms

ii tmmgs ??%

[mx

n Oays >>

o @lris ;;n

_nkm / mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk ?;

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk >0

m Flspnglk ?8

N`m

c >;->8 >3

` >=->0 ?=c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 6

l Oays >=->0 >;

b @lris >;->8 ?=fl

d @lris >=->0 ;6flb

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i 9$;:D >

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

>0% ac Xmmgs _mnh ar Kaeemgt ag

Agilgm Hlskusslag Oanrhs

% ac nii tmmgs wfa rmnh ar kaeemgt ag hlskusslag oanrhs

(l.m. rmhhlt ar hl``) agilgm ar ag tfmlr pfagms

ii tmmgs >0%

[mx

n Oays >3

o @lris >6

_nkm / mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk >=

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk >6

m Flspnglk >;->8 >3

` >=->0 >6[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 >=

l Oays >=->0 >0

b @lris >;->8 >0

d @lris >=->0 >3

e$;:D-$80

r [aem kaiim`m >6

s Kaiim`m+ >3

]ronglty

t ]rong >6

u [uourong >6

v _urni >?


?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmo. >:-Enr. >3, ?:>=. (g5>,:3: tmmgs n`ms

>; ta >0).

Gatm2 Zmrkmgtn`ms enrdmh wltf n supmrskrlpt imttmr (m.`., n) lghlkntmn stntlstlkniiy sl`glclkngt hlccmrmgkm omtwmmg tfnt raw ngh tfm rawhmsl`gntmh oy tfnt supmrskrlpt imttmr, neag` kntm`arlms ac mnkfhmea`rnpflk kfnrnktmrlstlk (m.`. n`m).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


23/48

??

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Ngagyeaus npps ngh sltms

Pflspmr, \ld \nd ngh Nsd.CE

nrm tfrmm mxnepims ac

ngagyeaus sfnrlg` npps ar sltms

wfmrm lghlvlhunis kng nsd

qumstlags ar past kagcmsslagni

tmxt ar len`ms ngagyeausiy.

Bust >>% ac tmmgs wltf kmii

pfagms rmpart uslg` ngagyeaus

qumstlag ar sfnrlg` npps. @lris

nrm n olt earm ildmiy ta vlslt

tfmsm sltms tfng oays, wltf >;%

ac lris wltf kmii pfagms uslg`

ngagyeaus sfnrlg` ar qumstlag

sltms wflim 6% ac oays wltf kmii

pfagms rmpart tfm snem.

Flspnglk tmmgs nrm gmnriy twlkm

ns ildmiy ns wfltm tmmgs ta usm

tfmsm pintcares, wltf >3% ac

Flspnglk yautf uslg`ngagyeaus sfnrlg` ar qumstlag

pintcares kaepnrmh wltf ?% ac tmmgs

crae earm wmii-ta-ha faems.

>>% ac Kmii-Awglg` Xmmgs ]sm Ngagyeaus [fnrlg` ar^umstlag Npps

% ac tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs wfa usm ngagyeaus sfnrlg` ar qumstlag npps (l.m.

Pflspmr, \ld\nd, Nsd.CE)

ii tmmg kmii pfagm usmrs >>%

[mx

n Oays 6

o @lris >;n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 3k

N`m

c >;->8 >:

` >=->0 >?

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 0

l Oays >=->0 ;->8 >;

d @lris >=->0 >8f

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D 3

e $;:D-$8?

s Kaiim`m+ >?

]ronglty

t ]rong >:

u [uourong >>

v _urni >>

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr's Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy, [mpt. ?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmo.

>:-Enr. >3, ?:>=. (g5


24/48

?;

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Zinylg` vlhma `nems

Gmnriy tfrmm-qunrtmrs (0?%) ac tmmgs piny vlhma `nems agilgm ar ag tfmlr pfagm 68% ac oays ngh

=% ac wfltm ngh 3


25/48

?8

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

0?% ac Xmmgs Ziny Slhma @nems4 _lsms ta 6;% ac Xmmg

Oays

% ac nii tmmgs wfa piny vlhma `nems ag n kaeputmr, `nem kagsaim ar kmii

fagm

ii tmmgs 0?%

[mx

n Oays 68o

o @lris =

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 6;km

m Flspnglk 3;->8 08

` >=->0 0:[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 6;bd

l Oays >=->0 68bd

b @lris >;->8 38

d @lris >=->0 =3

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i 9$;:D 0:

e $;:D-$8


26/48

?=

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Slhma knii ngh kfnt

[aem 80% ac tmmgs tnid wltf atfmrs avmr vlhma

kaggmktlags sukf ns [dypm, Aavaa, Cnkmtlem ngh

Aemìm. Aihmr lris nrm tfm east mgtfuslnstlkkfnttmrs wltf =8% ac tfme vlhma kniilg` ar

kfnttlg` wltf atfmrs kaepnrmh wltf 88% ac nii

atfmr tmmgs. Ngh =;% ac Flspnglk tmmgs vlhma

kfnt ngh knii, n olt earm tfng tfm 8;% ac wfltm

tmmgs wfa rmpart tnidlg` oy vlhma.

Xmmgs nrm mgtfuslnstlk usmrs ac saklni emhln sltms

ngh npps. Pfmg nsdmh n `mgmrni qumstlag noautwfmtfmr tfmy usmh saklni emhln, tfrmm-qunrtmrs

(03%) ac tmmgs usm saklni emhln, ngh 6>% ac aihmr

tmmgs usm tfm sltms, kaepnrmh wltf 36% ac tmmgs

>; ta >8.

Pfmg nsdmh noaut smvmg spmklclk sltms

(Cnkmoaad, Xwlttmr, Lgstn`rne, [gnpkfnt,

Xueoir, @aaìm+ ngh Slgm), ngh `lvmg tfm aptlag

ta rmpart ngatfmr sltm usmh, 6%) rmpartmh uslg` twa

ar earm sltms. Neag` tfm >6% ac tmmgs wfa agiy

usm agm sltm, 33% usm Cnkmoaad, >;% usm

@aaìm+ ngh >;% usm Lgstn`rne. Bust ;% ac tfm

slgìm sltm usmrs usm [gnpkfnt, ngh ngatfmr ?%

sny tfmy usm n sltm wm hlhgt nsd noaut lg tfm ilst,

lgkiuhlg` Pnttpnh (n rmnhlg` sltm), \autuom,

Aavaa ngh lcuggy, neag` atfmrs. Imss tfng ?%

(mnkf) rmpart uslg` Xwlttmr, Slgm ar Xueoir ns

tfmlr saim saklni emhln pintcare. Omiaw ls ngngniysls ac tmmgsusm ac saklni emhln, ar`nglzmh

oy enbar pintcare.

80% ac Xmmgs ]sm Slhma Kniilg` ar Kfnts

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm vlhma knii ar kfnt agilgm ar ag

tfmlr pfagms

ii tmmgs 80%

[mx

n Oays 8=

o @lris 8;->8 8;

` >=->0 8;->8 88

l Oays >=->0 8=

b @lris >;->8 8;

d @lris >=->0 =8b

Fausmfaih lgkaem

i 9$;:D 88

e$;:D-$8


27/48

?3

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Cnkmoaad

Cnkmoaad ls tfm east papuinr ac nii tfm saklni emhln pintcares lgkiuhmh lg tfm survmy, wltf 0>% ac

nii tmmgs snylg` tfmy usm Cnkmoaad. Oays ngh `lris nrm mquniiy ildmiy ta rmpart uslg` tfm pintcare,

out aihmr usmrs n`ms >= ta >0 nrm earm ildmiy ta usm lt tfng yaug`mr usmrs >; ta >8. Eukf ac tfmhlccmrmgkm ls iakntmh wltflg tfm yaug`mst n`m `raup tfm >;-ymnr-aihs ac wfae imss tfng fnic

(88%) sny tfmy usm Cnkmoaad, wflim ac 00% ac >8- ta >0-ymnr-aihs rmpart usm.

Xmmgs crae saemwfnt imss wmii-acc fausmfaihs nrm earm ildmiy ta rmpart uslg` Cnkmoaad tfng tmmgs

crae wmnitflmr faems4 00% ac tmmgs crae cnelilms mnrglg` imss tfng $=:,::: ngguniiy usm

Cnkmoaad, wflim 36% ac tmmgs crae fausmfaihs mnrglg` earm sny tfmy usm tfm pintcare.

]sm ac Cnkmoaad ls rmintlvmiy kagslstmgt nkrass rnklni ngh mtfglk raups. ]rong tmmgs rmpart earm

usm ac Cnkmoaad tfng tmmgs crae tfm suouros, wltf 00% ac urong tmmgs ag tfm sltm, kaepnrmh wltf

twa-tflrhs (30%) ac suourong tmmgs.


28/48

?0

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

0>% ac Xmmgs nrm Cnkmoaad ]smrs

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm Cnkmoaad

ii tmmgs 0>%

[mx

n Oays 0?

o @lris 0:

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 0>

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 0=

m Flspnglk 0:

N`m

c >;->8 =0

` >=->0 6:c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 3?

l Oays >=->0 06fb

@lris >;->8 =?

d @lris >=->0 6>fb

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D 03

e $;:D-$8


29/48

?6

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Nhuit usm ac Cnkmoaad fns pintmnumh lg rmkmgt ymnrs, wltf 0>% ac agilgm nhuits uslg` tfm sltm.

Fawmvmr, Cnkmoaads usmr onsm rmenlgs qultm nktlvm, wltf 0:% ac Cnkmoaad usmrs mg`n`lg` wltf

tfm sltm hnliy. Car earm hmtnlis ag nhuit usm ac Cnkmoaad, pimnsm rmnh[aklni Emhln ]phntm ?:>8.

Cnkmoaad usmrs typlkniiy fnvm >8= crlmghs

Neag` Cnkmoaad-uslg` tmmgs, tfm typlkni tmmg fns >8= Cnkmoaad crlmghs.0Ormndlg` lt hawg, tfm

inr`mst `raup ac tmmgs ;:% sny tfmy fnvm Cnkmoaad gmtwards ac : ta >:: crlmghs. Ngatfmr >?%

rmpart gmtwards ac >:>-?:: crlmghs ngh ta ;:: crlmghs. Ngh >=% sny tfmy fnvm earm

tfng ;:: crlmghs. Xmiilg`iy, agm-tflrh ac tmmgs

sny tfmy nrm gat surm faw engy Cnkmoaad

crlmghs tfmy fnvm. Ngniyzlg` typlkni (emhlng)

crlmgh kaugts car hlccmrmgt suo`raups ac

Cnkmoaad-uslg` tmmgs, wm smm saem suostngtlni

vnrlntlags. Oays rmpart >:: crlmghs ta `lris>0=.

\aug` tmmgs >; ta >8 typlkniiy rmpart seniimr

gmtwards ( crlmghs) kaepnrmh wltf aihmr

tmmgs >= ta >0 wfa typlkniiy fnvm >36 crlmghs.

Gmtwards vnry lg typlkni slzm crae 68 neag`st

tfm yaug`mst oays ta ?:: crlmghs neag` `lris >=

ta >0.

Lgstn`rne

Clrst inugkfmh lg ?:>:, Lgstn`rne fns omkaem n

enlgstny car nhaimskmgt saklni emhln usmrs.

Earm tfng fnic (=?%) ac nii tmmgs rmpart uslg` Lgstn`rne ta sfnrm pfatas ngh vlhma wltf crlmghs,

wltf `lris suostngtlniiy earm ildmiy ta usm lt tfng oays (3>% ta 88%). Eukf ac tfm hlccmrmgkm

omtwmmg oays ngh `lris ls nkkaugtmh car oy tfm yaug`mst oays (n`ms >; ta >8) ac wfae agiy ;;% usm

Lgstn`rne, kaepnrmh wltf fnic ac aihmr oays (n`ms >= ta >0) ngh earm tfng fnic ac tfm yaug`mr

`lris. Xfm fmnvlmst usmrs ac Lgstn`rne nrm tfm aihmst `lris ac wfae 38% sfnrm pfatas ag Lgstn`rne.

0]gimss atfmrwlsm spmklclmh, lg tfls rmpart, nii typlkni ar nvmrn`m hntn car tmmgs ls tfm emhlng.

N Xyplkni Cnkmoaad ]smr Fns >8=

Cnkmoaad Crlmghs

% ac tmmg Cnkmoaad usmrs wfa fnvm n crlmgh gmtward ac

tfm caiiawlg` slzm

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr's Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy,

[mptmeomr ?=-Aktaomr 8 ngh Cmorunry >:-Enrkf >3, ?:>=.(g50;0 tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/


30/48

?n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk =:

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 38k

m Flspnglk =?

N`m

c >;->8 88

` >=->0 =6c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 ;;l Oays >=->0 =>f

@lris >;->8 =3f

d @lris >=->0 38fl

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D =>

e $;:D-$8


31/48

;:

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Xfm typlkni tmmgs Lgstn`rne gmtward fns >=: caiiawmrs.

Xfm typlkni Nemrlkng tmmg wfa usms Lgstn`rne

fns >=: caiiawmrs lg tfmlr gmtward. @lris autpnkm

oays lg tfmlr typlkni gueomr ac caiiawmrs, wltf

`lris rmpartlg` n emhlng ac ?:: caiiawmrs ag

Lgstn`rne kaepnrmh wltf >:: caiiawmrs car oays.

Xfmrm ls ilttim vnrlntlag lg tfm gueomr ac caiiawmrs

omtwmmg yaug`mr ngh aihmr kafarts ac tmmgs. Ngh

cuiiy ;% ac Nemrlkng nhuits usm tfm pfata ngh vlhmasfnrlg` pintcare. Ns wltf Xwlttmr, yaug` nhuits

n`ms >6 ta ?< nrm tfm east ildmiy ta usm Lgstn`rne.

Xfm smrvlkm ls nisa papuinr wltf nhuit waemg,

Flspnglks, Ncrlkng-Nemrlkngs, ngh urong ngh

suourong hwmiimrs. Car earm hntn ag nhuit usm ac Lgstn`rne, pimnsm vlslt aur[aklni Emhln ]phntm

?:>8.

[gnpkfnt

[gnpkfnt ls ngatfmr rmintlvmiy gmw pfata ngh vlhma cakusmh sfnrlg` npp tfnt tmmgs fnvm meornkmhlg tfm inst twa ngh fnic ymnrs. Xwa-lg-clvm Nemrlkng tmmgs (8>%) usm [gnpkfnt ta sfnrm len`ms ngh

vlhmas tfnt nrm tfmg nutaentlkniiy hmimtmh wltflg n prmhmtmrelgmh neaugt ac tlem usuniiy n cmw

smkaghs. (Nt imnst tfnt ls tfm wny tfm clre hmskrloms faw tfm smrvlkm wards. Lg prnktlkm, tfmrm nrm

engy wardnraughs tfnt niiaw vlmwmrs ta knpturm len`ms.) Oy n wlhm enr`lg, lris ngh aihmr tmmgs

nrm tfm east ildmiy ta smgh sgnps wltf fnic ac `lris uslg` tfm smrvlkm, kaepnrmh wltf ;>% ac oays.

[lelinriy, 80% ac aihmr tmmgs >= ta >0 smgh sgnps, wflim ;>% ac yaug`mr tmmgs ha sa. Aihmr `lris nrm

tfm east ildmiy ac ngy tmmg `raup ta usm ta smrvlkm, wltf =3% uslg` [gnpkfnt. Xmmgs crae tfm iawmst

lgkaem fausmfaihs mnrglg` imss tfng $;:,::: pmr ymnr nrm tfm imnst ildmiy ta usm tfm smrvlkm, wltf

;:% ac tfme smghlg` sgnps, wflim 8;% ac wmnitflmr tmmgs smgh tfme.

N Xyplkni Lgstn`rne-]slg` Xmmg Fns

>=: Caiiawmrs

% ac tmmg Lgstn`rne usmrs wfa fnvm n gmtward ac

caiiawmrs ac tfls slzm

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr's Xmmgs _mintlagsflps [urvmy,

[mpt. ?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmorunry >:-Enrkf >3, ?:>=. (g5=;8

tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_
http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/


32/48

;>

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

8>% ac Xmmgs nrm [gnpkfnt ]smrs

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm [gnpkfnt

ii tmmgs 8>%

[mx

n Oays ;>

o @lris =>n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 8?

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 8:

m Flspnglk 8>

N`m

c >;->8 ;>

` >=->0 80c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 >=->0 ;;->8 8;f

d @lris >=->0 =3flb

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D ;:

e $;:D-$8


33/48

;?

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Xwlttmr

N tflrh (;;%) ac nii tmmgs usm

Xwlttmr. Aihmr tmmgs nrm earm

ildmiy ta usm tfm smrvlkm tfngyaug`mr, wltf usm rlslg` stmnhliy

ns tmmgs n`m, crae bust >;% ac

>;-ymnr-aihs uslg` tfm smrvlkm ta

?6% ac >8-ymnr-aihs ngh 8;% ac

>0-ymnr-aihs. Xfm aihmst lris

n`ms >= ta >0 nrm tfm east ildmiy

ta usm Xwlttmr wltf gmnriy fnic ac

tfme (8 car tfm typlkni

oay. Xfm hlccmrmgkms nrm mvmg

earm mxtrmem omtwmmg yaug`mr

tmmgs ngh aihmr4 >;- ngh >8-ymnr-aihs rmpart n emhlng ac ;:

caiiawmrs kaepnrmh wltf >:;

caiiawmrs car aihmr tmmgs.

;;% ac Nemrlkng Xmmgs ]sm Xwlttmr

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm Xwlttmr

ii tmmgs ;;%

[mx

n Oays ;:

o @lris ;0n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk ;>

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk 8=

m Flspnglk ;8

N`m

c >;->8 ?>

` >=->0 8?c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 ?;

l Oays >=->0 ;8fb

@lris >;->8 >=->0 8


34/48

;;

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Neag` nii nhuits >6 ngh aihmr, >6 ta ?< nrm tfm east ildmiy ta usm

tfm pintcare wltf ;0% uslg` tfm smrvlkm. [lgkm

?:>;, Xwlttmr fns smmg `rawtf neag` wfltms,emg, tfasm mnrglg` $=:,::: ar earm, kaiim`m

`rnhuntms ngh urong hwmiimrs. Car earm hntn ag

usm ac Xwlttmr oy nhuits, pimnsm smm aur[aklni

Emhln ]phntm ?:>8.

@aaìm+

@aaìm+ ls n saklni gmtward tfnt kaems ns n pnrt

ac n sultm ac @aaìm-accmrmh taais tfrau`f ng

nkkaugt ag tfm smrvlkm. N tflrh ac tmmgs (;;%) sny

tfmy usm @aaìm+. Flspnglk tmmgs nrm earm ildmiy

ta usm @aaìm+ tfng wfltm ar Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng

yautf4 86% ac Flspnglk yautf usm @aaìm+,

kaepnrmh ta n ilttim earm tfng agm-qunrtmr (?3%)

ac wfltm tmmgs ngh ?


35/48

;8

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

;;% ac Xmmgs ]sm @aa`im+

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm @aa`im+

ii tmmgs ;;%

[mx

n Oays ;;

o @lris ;;

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk ?3

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk ?;->8 ?=->0 ;3

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 ;:l Oays >=->0 ;8

@lris >;->8 ?6

d @lris >=->0 ;0

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D ;


36/48

;=

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Slgm

_au`fiy agm qunrtmr ac tmmgs (?8%) usm Slgm, ng

npp tfnt niiaws usmrs ta rmkarh ngh sfnrm sfart,

slx-smkagh vlhmas. Slgm ls usmh oy earm `lristfng oays, wltf ?0% ac yaug` waemg uslg` tfm

npp kaepnrmh wltf ?:% ac yaug` emg. Ns wltf

engy saklni pfata ngh vlhma pintcares, tfm

aihmst `lris n`ms >= ta >0 nrm tfm east ildmiy ta

usm Slgm, wltf ?8%) tmmgs usm

Xueoir. Xueoir ls prmhaelgntmiy usmh oy `lris

lg tfls n`m `raup wltf ?;% ac `lris >; ta >0 uslg`

tfm smrvlkm, kaepnrmh wltf bust =% ac oays tfm

snem n`m. Eukf ac tfls ls hrlvmg oy tfm aihmst

`lris (n`ms >= ta >0) ac wfae ?0% rmpart uslg`

Xueoir. Avmrnii, aihmr tmmgs nrm eahmstiy earm

ildmiy ta usm Xueoir tfng yaug`mr tmmgs, wltf

>:% ac >;- ta >8-ymnr-aihs ngh >3% ac >=- ta >0-

ymnr-aihs uslg` lt.

?8% ac Nemrlkng Xmmgs ]sm Slgm

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm Slgm

ii tmmgs ?8%

[mx

n Oays ?:

o @lris ?0n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk ??

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk ;>

m Flspnglk ?8

N`m

c >;->8 ?>

` >=->0 ?=

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 >3

l Oays >=->0 ??

@lris >;->8 ?3f

d @lris >=->0 ?


37/48

;3

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

?;% ac Xmmg @lris ]sm Xueoir

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm Xueoir

ii tmmgs >8%

[mx

n Oays =

o @lris ?;n

_nkm/mtfglklty

k Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk >;

h Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk >:

m Flspnglk >=

N`m

c >;->8 >:

` >=->0 >3c

[mx oy n`m

f Oays >;->8 8l Oays >=->0 =

@lris >;->8 >3fl

d @lris >=->0 ?0flb

Fausmfaih Lgkaem

i 9$;:D >:

e $;:D-$8=

r [aem kaiim`m >;

s Kaiim`m+ >8

]ronglty

t ]rong >3

u [uourong >?

v _urni >8



>; ta >0).

Gatm2 Zmrkmgtn`ms enrdmh wltf n supmrskrlpt imttmr (m.`., n) lghlkntm

n stntlstlkniiy sl`glclkngt hlccmrmgkm omtwmmg tfnt raw ngh tfm raw

hmsl`gntmh oy tfnt supmrskrlpt imttmr, neag` kntm`arlms ac mnkf

hmea`rnpflk kfnrnktmrlstlk (m.`. n`m).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


38/48

;0

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Cnkmoaad ls usmh east actmg oy tfm ouid ac tmmgs, out nkkmss vnrlms, onsmh ag cneliy

lgkaem

Pfmg nsdmh ta rngd saklni emhln sltms oy tfmlr

crmqumgky ac usm, Cnkmoaad ls tfm pintcare tfnttmmgs rmpart tfnt tfmy usm east actmg, wltf 8>%

ac yautf snylg` tfmy usm lt east. Lgstn`rne ls

tfm gmxt east actmg usmh saklni emhln pintcare,

wltf ?:% ac tmmgs snylg` tfmy usm lt east actmg.

Cuiiy >>% ac tmmgs sny [gnpkfnt ls tfm saklni sltm

tfmy usm east, ngh ngatfmr 3% sny Xwlttmr.

Xfm hntn sfaws n spilt lg saklni emhln usm oy

sakla-mkagaelk stntus. Imss wmii-acc tmmgs crae

cnelilms mnrglg` imss tfng $;:,::: ngguniiy

rmenlg earm kaggmktmh ta Cnkmoaad, wltf =>%

snylg` tfmy usm lt east, kaepnrmh wltf ;6% ac

tmmgs crae wmnitflmr cnelilms. Earm wmii-ta-ha

tmmgs lgstmnh nrm sl`glclkngtiy earm ildmiy tfng

tfm imnst wmii-acc tmmgs ta sny tfmy vlslt

[gnpkfnt east, wltf >8% ac tfasm crae cnelilms

mnrglg` earm tfng $0=,::: snylg` [gnpkfnt ls

tfmlr tap saklni emhln pintcare, kaepnrmh wltf

0% ac tmmgs wfasm cnelilms mnrg imss tfng $;:,::: ngguniiy. Xfmrm ls n slelinr pnttmrg oy lgkaemnraugh Xwlttmr, wltf tfm wmnitflmst tmmgs sflctlg` ta Xwlttmr earm tfng tfmlr imnst wmii-ta-ha pmmrs.

Cnkmoaad, Lgstn`rne ngh [gnpkfnt

]smh East Actmg oy Nemrlkng Xmmgs

% ac nii tmmgs wfa usm QQQQQ east actmg

Gatm2 "Hag't usm ngy" rmspagsms gat sfawg.



>; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

8>

?:

>>

3

=

;

>

>

Cnkmoaad

Lgstn`rne

[gnpkfnt

Xwlttmr

@aa`im+

Xueoir

Slgm

N hlccmrmgt saklniemhln sltm


39/48

;6

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Xfm yaug`mst tmmgs tfm >;-ymnr-aihs hlvlhm tfmlr iaynitlms omtwmmg Cnkmoaad ngh Lgstn`rne,

wltf n olt earm tfng n qunrtmr ac tmmgs tfls n`m rmpartlg` tfmy usm mnkf ac tfmsm pintcares east

actmg. Xmmgs >8 ngh aihmr nrm earm ildmiy ta fnvm Cnkmoaad ns tfmlr east actmg vlsltmh sltm. Lghmmhtfm yaug`mst `lris (n`ms >; ngh >8) nrm tfm east ildmiy ta rmpart uslg` Lgstn`rne east actmg ac ngy

n`m/`mghmr raup, wltf ;>% rmpartlg` Lgstn`rne ns tfmlr east actmg vlsltmh pintcare.

Oays nrm earm ildmiy tfng `lris ta `lvm Cnkmoaad ns tfmlr east vlsltmh sltm, wltf 8=% ac oays

rmpartlg` tfnt, kaepnrmh wltf ;3% ac tmmg `lris. @lris nrm earm ildmiy tfng oays ta rmpart

[pilt lg [aklni Emhln ]smh East Actmg

oy Fausmfaih Lgkaem

Neag` tmmgs n`ms >; ta >0, tfm % ac tmmgs wfa usm

QQQQQ east actmg, oy fausmfaih lgkaem

[aurkm2 Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmrs Xmmgs _mintlagsflp [urvmy, [mpt.

?=-Akt. 8 ngh Cmo. >:-Enrkf >3, ?:>=.(g5>,:3: tmmgs n`ms

>; ta >0).

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_


40/48

;0% ac oays snylg` lt ls tfmlr east

vlsltmh pintcare. Aihmr tmmgs nrm earm ildmiy tfng yaug`mr tmmgs ta ilst Cnkmoaad, [gnpkfnt ngh

Xwlttmr ns tfmlr east actmg vlsltmh pintcares, tfau`f car [gnpkfnt tfls ls hrlvmg oy `rmnt usm

neag` >=- ta >0-ymnr-aih `lris. ]rong tmmgs nrm east ildmiy ta sny tfmy vlslt Cnkmoaad east actmg,wflim suourong tmmgs rmpart vlsltlg` Lgstn`rne earm tfng tfmlr urong pmmrs.

Engy tmmgs wfa usm euitlpim agilgm saklni gmtward sltms rmpart saem avmrinp lg tfmlr

agilgm pmrsagni saklni gmtwards

Pfmg nsdmh ta tflgd noaut faw

eukf avmrinp tfmy fnvm wltf

vnrlaus crlmghs ag tfm hlccmrmgt

saklni gmtwards tfmy usm, tfm

inr`mst `raup ac tmmgs wfa usm

euitlpim saklni emhln pintcares

rmpart tfnt tfmrm ls saem

avmrinp lg tfmlr crlmghs ag tfm

hlccmrmgt sltms. Earm tfng fnic

(=0%) ac tmmgs hmskrlom tfmlr

gmtwards ns fnvlg` saem

avmrinp nkrass sltms. Ngatfmr

tfrmm-lg-tmg tmmgs (?


41/48

8:

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

mnrglg` imss. Xmmgs crae fausmfaihs tfnt mnrg imss tfng $=:,aaa n ymnr nrm earm ildmiy tfng

wmnitflmr tmmgs ta rmpart tfnt tfmy fnvm kaepimtmiy kaepnrtemgtnilzmh tfmlr saklni gmtward

pintcares, wltf ga avmrinp ac crlmghs nkrass tfm hlccmrmgt sltms tfmy usm. Cuiiy 0% ac fausmfaihs

mnrglg` imss tfng $=:,::: sny tfmy fnvm ga avmrinp lg crlmghs, kaepnrmh wltf ?% ac tmmgs craecnelilms tfnt mnrg earm.


42/48

8>

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Emtfahs

Lgtrahuktlag

Xfm Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmrs Xmmg _mintlagsflp [tuhy wns cughmh, hmsl`gmh ngh ngniyzmh oy Kmgtmr

stncc. Clmihward wns kaghuktmh oy tfm @cD @raup (@cD, caremriy Dgawimh`m Gmtwards.)

[pmklclkniiy, tfm survmy mxnelgmh tfm nttltuhms ac tmmgn`mrs n`m >; ta >0 ymnrs aih, ns wmii ns tfasm

ac tfmlr pnrmgts, tawnrh tmkfgaia`y. Xfm survmy mxnelgmh crlmghsflps ngh raengtlk rmintlagsflps

wltflg tfm kagtmxt ac tmkfgaia`y usm. Xfm survmy wns kaghuktmh uslg` snepim crae

Dgawimh`mZngmi.

[nepim Hmclgltlag

Xfm tnr`mt papuintlag kagslsts ac tfm caiiawlg`2 pnrmgts ac tmmgs n`m >; ta >0 ngh tmmgs >; ta >0

ymnrs aih rmslhlg` lg tfm ]gltmh [tntms. Xa snepim tfm papuintlag, @cD snepimh fausmfaihs crae

lts Dgawimh`mZngmi, n praonolilty-onsmh wmo pngmi hmsl`gmh ta om rmprmsmgtntlvm ac tfm ]gltmh

[tntms. Xfm survmy kagslstmh ac tfrmm stn`ms2 lgltlni skrmmglg` car tfm pnrmgts ac tmmgs n`m >; ta >0,

tfm pnrmgt survmy, ngh tfm tmmg survmy.

Xfm enlg hntn kaiimktlag clmih pmrlahs wmrm crae [mptmeomr ?=, ?:>8 tfrau`f Aktaomr 8 ngh

crae Cmorunry >:, ?:>= ta Enrkf >3, ?:>=. Lg tfm cnii, >:>3 pnrmgt-tmmg pnlrs wmrm lgtmrvlmwmh.

Xfm survmy wns rm-apmgmh lg tfm sprlg` ngh 88 pnlrs wmrm nhhmh ta tfm snepim. Xfm smkagh hntn

kaiimktlag wns tnr`mtmh tawnrh Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng pnrmgts ngh tmmgn`mrs, wltf tfm lgtmgt aclgkrmnslg` tfm gueomr ac Ncrlkng-Nemrlkng tmmgs lg tfm snepim ta rmpartnoim imvmis. Znrmgts

kaepimtmh tfm pnrmgt smktlag ac tfm survmy lg 3 elgutms (emhlng). Xmmgs kaepimtmh tfm tmmg

smktlag ac tfm survmy lg >3 elgutms (emhlng). Xfm survmy wns kaghuktmh lg Mg`ilsf ngh [pnglsf.

Znrmgts ngh tmmgs kauih smimkt hlccmrmgt ing`un`ms car tfm survmy.

[urvmy Kaepimtlag ngh [nepim [lzms

Xfm gueomr ac rmspaghmgts snepimh ngh pnrtlklpntlg` lg tfm survmy, tfm survmy kaepimtlag rntms

car tfm skrmmgmr ngh enlg lgtmrvlmw, ngh tfm lgklhmgkm/mil`lolilty rntm nrm prmsmgtmh omiaw.

Dmy [urvmy _mspagsm [tntlstlks2 Lg-Clmih [krmmglg`

G [nepimh car [krmmgmr2 8>>>

G Kaepimtm [krmmgmr2 >3;0

[krmmgmr [urvmy Kaepimtlag _ntm2 ;


43/48

8?

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

^unilclmh car Enlg [urvmy2 >:3:

Lgklhmgkm _ntm2 38.0%

Pflim >:68 pnrmgts kaepimtmh tfm pnrmgt smktlag ac tfm enlg survmy, >:3: tmmgs kaepimtmh tfmtmmg smktlag ac tfm enlg survmy4 tfm ?8 ugpnlrmh pnrmgts wmrm gat lgkiuhmh lg tfm clgni kaugts. Xfm

enr`lg ac mrrar car tfm cuii snepim ac tmmgs (g5>:3:) ar pnrmgts (g5>:3:) ls pius ar elgus ;.0

pmrkmgtn`m palgts. Zimnsm smm tfm nhbnkmgt kfnrt car tfm enr`lg ac mrrar car suosnepims lg tfls

stuhy.

Enr`lgs ac Mrrar

[nepim [lzmEnr`lg ac mrrar lgpmrkmgtn`m palgts

ii pnrmgts >,:3: +/- ;.0

ii tmmgs >,:3: +/- ;.0

@lris =;0 +/- =.?

Oays =?; +/- =.;

Pfltm, gag-Flspnglk 3>8 +/- 8.=

Oinkd, gag-Flspnglk >:> +/- >;.;

Flspnglk ?;3 +/- 6.>

Xmmg kmii pfagm awgmrs


44/48

8;

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Hakuemgtntlag rm`nrhlg` Dgawimh`mZngmi snepilg`, hntn kaiimktlag prakmhurms, wml`ftlg`, ngh

L_O-omnrlg` lssums nrm nvnlinoim nt tfm omiaw agilgm rmsaurkms.

fttp2//www.dgawimh`mgmtwards.kae/`ngp/rmvlmwmr-lgca.ftei fttp2//www.dgawimh`mgmtwards.kae/dgpngmi/lghmx.ftei

fttp2//www.dgawimh`mgmtwards.kae/`ngp/lrosuppart/

Kaepimtm ngh kurrmgt lgcarentlag noaut Dgawimh`mZngmi snepilg` ngh rmkrultemgt emtfahaia`y

ngh hmsl`g ls nvnlinoim nt2

fttp2//enrdmtlg`.`cdnemrlkn.kae/dgawimh`mgmtwards/dgpngmi/haks/Dgawimh`mZngmi(_)-

Hmsl`g-[ueenry-Hmskrlptlag.phc

Dgawimh`mZngmis rmkrultemgt prakmss usms ng Nhhrmss Onsmh [nepilg` (NO[) emtfahaia`y car

smimktlg` pngmi emeomrs. Xfls praonolilty-onsmh snepilg` emtfahaia`y lepravms papuintlag

kavmrn`m, ngh pravlhms n earm mccmktlvm snepilg` lgcrnstrukturm car rmkrultemgt ac fnrh-ta-rmnkf

lghlvlhunis, sukf ns yaug` nhuits ngh tfasm crae vnrlaus elgarlty `raups. Lt sfauih om gatmh tfnt

ughmr tfm NO[ rmkrultemgt fausmfaihs wltfaut Lgtmrgmt kaggmktlag nrm pravlhmh wltf n wmo-

mgnoimh hmvlkm ngh crmm Lgtmrgmt smrvlkm.

Nctmr lgltlniiy nkkmptlg` tfm lgvltntlag ta balg tfm pngmi, pnrtlklpngts nrm nsdmh ta kaepimtm n sfart

hmea`rnpflk survmy (tfm lgltlni praclim survmy)4 ngswmrs ta wflkf niiaw mcclklmgt pngmi snepilg`

ngh wml`ftlg` car cuturm survmys. Kaepimtlag ac tfm praclim survmy niiaws pnrtlklpngts ta omkaem

pngmi emeomrs, ngh ns lg tfm pnst, nii rmspaghmgts nrm pravlhmh tfm snem prlvnky tmres ngh

kagclhmgtlnilty pratmktlags.

NO[ _mkrultemgt

Xfm NO[ rmkrultemgt pratakai rmilms ag praonolilty-onsmh snepilg` ac nhhrmssms crae tfm ]gltmh

[tntms Zastni [mrvlkms Hmilvmry [mqumgkm Clim (H[C). Xfm dmy nhvngtn`m ac tfm NO[ emtfahaia`y ls

tfnt lt niiaws snepilg` ac nieast nii ]gltmh [tntms fausmfaihs. _m`nrhimss ac fausmfaih tmimpfagm

stntus, nii fausmfaihs kng om rmnkfmh ngh kagtnktmh tfrau`f pastni enli. Zrm-lhmgtlclmh ngkliinrylgcarentlag noaut nhhrmssms wns usmh ta kagstrukt ngh tnr`mt fausmfaihs lg tfm caiiawlg` caur

snepilg` strntn2

Flspnglk n`ms >6-?6-?


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88

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

Flspnglk n`ms ;:+

Gag-Flspnglk n`ms ;:+

Ns hmtnlimh omiaw, spmklclk nhbustemgts nrm nppilmh ta kaepmgsntm car ngy avmrsnepilg` tfnt lsknrrlmh aut ta lepravm tfm hmea`rnpflk kaepasltlag ac tfm pngmi.

_nghaeiy snepimh nhhrmssms crae tfm H[C nrm lgvltmh ta balg Dgawimh`mZngmi tfrau`f n smrlms ac

enlilg`s, lgkiuhlg` ng lgltlni lgvltntlag imttmr, n rmelghmr pastknrh, ngh n suosmqumgt caiiaw-up

imttmr. @lvmg tfnt nppraxlentmiy 8=% ac tfm pfyslkni nhhrmssms kng om entkfmh ta n karrmspaghlg`

inghilgm tmimpfagm gueomr, noaut = wmmds nctmr tfm lgltlni enlilg`, tmimpfagm rmcusni-kagvmrslag

kniis nrm enhm ta fausmfaihs car wfae n tmimpfagm gueomr wns entkfmh ta tfm snepimh nhhrmss.

Lgvltmh fausmfaihs kng balg tfm pngmi oy2

Kaepimtlg` ngh enlilg` onkd n pnpmr care lg n pastn`m-pnlh mgvmiapm Kniilg` n taii-crmm fatilgm pfagm gueomr enlgtnlgmh oy @cD

@alg` ta n hmsl`gntmh @cD wmosltm ngh kaepimtlg` tfm rmkrultemgt care nt tfm wmosltm

Fausmfaih Emeomr _mkrultemgt.

Car nii rmkrultemgt mccarts, hurlg` tfm lgltlni rmkrultemgt survmy, nii fausmfaih emeomrs nrm

mguemrntmh. Caiiawlg` mguemrntlag, nttmepts nrm enhm ta rmkrult mvmry fausmfaih emeomr wfa

ls nt imnst >; ymnrs aih ta pnrtlklpntm lg Dgawimh`mZngmi survmys. Car fausmfaih emeomrs n`mh >;

ta >0, kagsmgt ls kaiimktmh crae tfm pnrmgts ar tfm im`ni unrhlng hurlg` tfm lgltlni rmkrultemgt

lgtmrvlmw. Lc ga kagsmgt ls `lvmg, ga curtfmr hlrmkt kaeeuglkntlag wltf tfm tmmgn`mrs ls nttmeptmh.

[urvmy [nepilg` crae Dgawimh`mZngmi

Car tfls survmy, n gntlagniiy rmprmsmgtntlvm snepim ac ].[. pnrmgts ac tmmgs n`m >; ta >0 wns

smimktmh. Xfm `mgmrni snepilg` ruim ls ta nssl`g ga earm tfng agm survmy pmr wmmd ta lghlvlhuni

emeomrs. Niiawlg` car rnrm mxkmptlags hurlg` saem wmmds, tfls ilelts n emeomrs tatni

nssl`gemgts pmr eagtf ta caur ar slx survmys.

[urvmy Nhelglstrntlag

Agkm nssl`gmh ta n survmy, emeomrs rmkmlvm n gatlclkntlag menli imttlg` tfme dgaw tfmrm ls n gmwsurvmy nvnlinoim car tfme ta tndm. Xfls menli gatlclkntlag kagtnlgs n ilgd tfnt smghs tfme ta tfm

survmy qumstlaggnlrm.

Nctmr tfrmm hnys, nutaentlk menli rmelghmrs nrm smgt ta nii gag-rmspaghlg` pngmi emeomrs lg tfm

snepim. Lc menli rmelghmrs ha gat `mgmrntm n succlklmgt rmspagsm, ng nutaentmh tmimpfagm


46/48

8=

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

rmelghmr knii kng om lgltlntmh. Xfm usuni pratakai ls ta wnlt nt imnst tfrmm ta caur hnys nctmr tfm

menli rmelghmr omcarm kniilg`. Xa nsslst pngmi emeomrs wltf tfmlr survmy tndlg`, mnkf lghlvlhuni

fns n pmrsagnilzmh faem pn`m tfnt ilsts nii tfm survmys tfnt wmrm nssl`gmh ta tfnt emeomr ngh

fnvm ymt ta om kaepimtmh.

@cD nisa apmrntms ng ag`alg` eahmst lgkmgtlvm pra`rne ta mgkaurn`m pnrtlklpntlag ngh krmntm

emeomr iaynity. Emeomrs kng mgtmr spmklni rnccims ar kng om mgtmrmh lgta spmklni swmmpstndms wltf

oatf knsf rmwnrhs ngh atfmr prlzms ta om wag.

Xfm typlkni survmy kaeeltemgt car pngmi emeomrs ls agm survmy pmr wmmd ar caur pmr eagtf wltf

hurntlag ac >: ta >= elgutms pmr survmy. Lg tfm knsm ac iag`mr survmys, ng nhhltlagni lgkmgtlvm ls

typlkniiy pravlhmh.

[nepim Pml`ftlg`

Car smimktlag ac `mgmrni papuintlag snepims crae tfm Dgawimh`m Zngmi (DZ), fawmvmr, n pntmgtmh

emtfahaia`y fns ommg hmvmiapmh tfnt mgsurms tfm rmsuitlg` snepims omfnvm ns MZ[ME (Mquni

Zraonolilty ac [mimktlag Emtfah) snepims. Orlmciy, tfls emtfahaia`y stnrts oy wml`ftlg` tfm mgtlrm

DZ ta tfm omgkfenrds smkurmh crae tfm intmst Enrkf suppimemgt ac tfm Kurrmgt Zapuintlag [urvmy

(KZ[) niag` smvmrni hlemgslags. Xfls wny, tfm wml`ftmh hlstrloutlag ac tfm Dgawimh`m Zngmi

entkfms tfnt ac tfm ][ nhuits mvmg wltf rmspmkt ta tfm cmw hlemgslags wfmrm elgar

elsnil`gemgts eny rmsuit crae hlccmrmgtlni nttrltlag rntms.

[tuhy-[pmklclk Zast-[trntlclkntlag Pml`fts

Agkm tfm stuhy snepim fns ommg smimktmh ngh clmihmh, ngh nii tfm survmy hntn nrm mhltmh ngh enhm

clgni, hmsl`g wml`fts nrm nhbustmh car ngy survmy gagrmspagsm ns wmii ns ngy ughmr- ar avmr-

kavmrn`m lepasmh oy tfm stuhy-spmklclk snepim hmsl`g. Hmpmghlg` ag tfm spmklclk tnr`mt papuintlag

car n `lvmg stuhy, ma-hmea`rnpflk hlstrloutlags car tfm karrmspaghlg` papuintlag nrm aotnlgmh

crae tfm KZ[, tfm Nemrlkng Kaeeuglty [urvmy (NK[) ar lg kmrtnlg lgstngkms crae tfm wml`ftmh

DZ praclim hntn. Car tfls purpasm ng ltmrntlvm prapartlagni clttlg` (rndlg`) prakmhurm ls usmh ta

prahukm clgni wml`fts tfnt wlii om nil`gmh wltf rmspmkt ta nii stuhy omgkfenrd hlstrloutlags

sleuitngmausiy. Lg tfm clgni stmp, knikuintmh wml`fts nrm mxnelgmh ta lhmgtlcy ngh, lc gmkmssnry,

trle autilmrs nt tfm mxtrmem uppmr ngh iawmr tnlis ac tfm wml`ft hlstrloutlag. Xfm rmsuitlg` wml`ftsnrm tfmg sknimh ta tfm sue ac tfm tatni snepim slzm ac nii mil`loim rmspaghmgts.

Car tfls stuhy, tfm caiiawlg` omgkfenrd hlstrloutlags ac pnrmgts wltf tmmgs n`m >; ta >0 crae tfm

?:>:-?:>? Nemrlkng Kaeeuglty [urvmy (NK[) wmrm usmh car tfm rndlg` nhbustemgt ac wml`fts car

pnrmgts (pnrQwml`ft)2


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83

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

www.pmwrmsmnrkf.ar`

@mghmr (Enim/Cmenim) oy N`m (>6;::D+)

Zrlenry Ingùn`m (Mgìlsf-haelgngt, Olilgùni, [pnglsf-haelgngt, Gag-Flspnglk)

N`m (>6;::D+) oy

_nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+

_nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk) (kaiinpsmh lgkaem lgta twa kntmàrlms car Atfmrs/?+ _nkms ---

(ughmr $=:D, $=:D+))

Emtrapailtng Nrmn (\ms, Ga) oy _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-

Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk) (kaiinpsmh emtra stntus

ta`mtfmr car Atfmrs/?+ _nkms omknusm ac gat mgau`f knsms)

Xfm caiiawlg` omgkfenrd hlstrloutlags ac kflihrmg n`m >; ta >0 crae tfm ?:>8 Enrkf [uppimemgt

ac tfm Kurrmgt Zapuintlag [urvmy (KZ[) wmrm usmh car tfm rndlg` nhbustemgt ac wml`fts car tmmgs

(tmmgQwml`ft)2

@mghmr (Enim/Cmenim) oy N`m (>;, >8, >=, >3, >0)

Xmmg _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-

Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk)

Emtrapailtng Nrmn (\ms, Ga) oy Kmgsus _m`lag (Gartfmnst, Elhwmst, [autf, Pmst) N`m (>;, >8, >=, >3, >0) oy Xmmg _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-

Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk)

@mghmr (Enim/Cmenim) oy Xmmg _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-

Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk)


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80

ZMP _M[MN_KF KMGXM_

Kmgsus _m`lag (Gartfmnst, Elhwmst, [autf, Pmst) oy Xmmg _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty

(Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk,

Flspnglk)

Emtrapailtng Nrmn (\ms, Ga) oy Xmmg _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk,Oinkd/Gag-Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk)

Znrmgtni Mhukntlag (Imss tfng Fl`f [kfaai, Fl`f [kfaai, [aem Kaiim`m, Onkfmiar ngh omyagh)

oy Znrmgtni _nkm/Flspnglk mtfglklty (Pfltm/Gag-Flspnglk, Oinkd/Gag-Flspnglk, Atfmr/Gag-

Flspnglk, ?+ _nkms/Gag-Flspnglk, Flspnglk) (kaiinpsmh F[/IF[ car NN ngh F[/IF[ car

Atfmrs/?+ _nkms)

Xfm stnrtlg` wml`ft car tfm tmmgs ls tfm clgni pnrmgt wml`ft euitlpilmh oy tfm gueomr ac kflihrmg

n`m >; ta >0 ymnrs aih lg tfm fausmfaih (>, ?+).

Hmtnlimh lgcarentlag ag tfm hmea`rnpflk hlstrloutlags ac tfm omgkfenrds ls nvnlinoim upagrmqumst. Zimnsm kagtnkt Nenghn Imgfnrt ntnimgfnrtJpmwrmsmnrkf.ar`car earm lgcarentlag noaut

tfm stuhy emtfahaia`y.

Zmw _msmnrkf Kmgtmr ls n gagpraclt, tnx-mxmept =:>(k); ar`nglzntlag ngh n suoslhlnry ac Xfm Zmw

Kfnrltnoim Xrusts, lts prlenry cughmr.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

pew research center ￼￼: teens, social media and technology overview 2015

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pew research center : teens, social media and technology overview 2015