petroleum refinery unit bill liang, eric severini, leonora kuzmenko, nick kurtz 1 chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
Petroleum Refinery Unit
Bill Liang, Eric Severini, Leonora Kuzmenko, Nick Kurtz
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Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
University of California, Irvine
Outline
●Introduction & Objectives
●Process Overview○ Process Flow Diagram○Heat & Material Balance○ Pump Calculations○ Equipment Sizing
●Economic Analysis○ Equipment Pricing○ Plant Cost Estimation
●Other Considerations○Health, Environment, etc.
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Introduction & Objectives
• Separate crude oil into “cuts” based on boiling point range
• Can be done at atmospheric and vacuum pressure
• First step in overall refinery process
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Process Flow Diagram
Crude Distillation Process
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Crude: 165,000 bpsd
Product: 164,834 bpsd
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Heat Integration
● Used in estimating number of heat exchanger shells
● Large approach temp is cheaper, less efficient
● Additional cooling provided by air (>130F) and water (<130F) cooling
Pump Calculations
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● Used for pump sizing and cost estimation
● Centrifugal pumps:○ Most commonly used○ low cost○ easy to maintain/operate○ many diff sizes
● Pump Horsepower:
PH= (Q x
h)/3960
Equipment SizingHeat Exchanger sizing:
Column & Vessel sizing: Sauder’s and Brown Correlation:
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Equipment Pricing Tools
Scaling Factor: Cost Index:
*Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index
“Equipment Cost” Link from Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers Text<<http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/chemical/peters/data/ce.html>>
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Pre-Design Cost Estimate
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Capital Estimation Tools
Fixed Capital Investment = Direct Cost + Indirect Cost
Direct cost = 75% of Fixed Capital Investment
Total Capital Investment = Fixed Capital Investment + Working Capital
Working Capital = 15% of Total Capital Investment
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Economic Analysis of Process Design
Economic Effects of Assumptions and Uncertainties
● Heat exchangers and vessels are carbon steel
● Centrifugal pumps are cast steel
● Investment data calculated from equipment cost○ Omit data such as insurance and contingency costs○ Six-tenths rule to scaling equipment size
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Engineering Code of Ethics
The Fundamental Principles of the NSPE Code of Ethics states that:
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
2. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
3. Engineers shall perform services only in their area of competence.
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Environmental Regulations
Gas Emissions
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Environmental Regulations
Wastewater
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Environmental RegulationsNoise Pollution
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Site Safety● Implement a good training program
● Check equipment and maintain process units on a daily or weekly basis
● Encourage personnel to report problems
● Make sure supervisors and operators are adequately trained
● Make sure there is adequate communication
● Make sure all employees are using adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Thank you